{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:39:01Z","timestamp":1792535941668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-026-00985-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:52:57Z","timestamp":1792489977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between ambient temperature and acute kidney injury: a nationwide space-time-stratified case-crossover study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiperi","family":"Asanbek kyzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisaaki","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobutoshi","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyohide","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10474","key":"985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02385-7","volume":"405","author":"M Ostermann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ostermann M, Lumlertgul N, Jeong R, See E, Joannidis M, James M. Acute kidney injury. Lancet. 2025;405(10474):241\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.153","volume":"84","author":"AJ Lewington","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewington AJ, Cerd\u00e1 J, Mehta RL. Raising awareness of acute kidney injury: a global perspective of a silent killer. Kidney Int. 2013;84(3):457\u201367.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3934-7","volume":"41","author":"EA Hoste","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoste EA, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Cely CM, Colman R, Cruz DN, et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(8):1411\u201323.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"985_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.09.005","volume":"81","author":"Y Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu Y, Zhang W, Boutelle AM, Ryan I, Deng X, Liu X, et al. Associations between ambient extreme heat exposure and emergency department visits related to kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023;81(5):507\u201316.e1.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2020.1826841","volume":"8","author":"CL Chapman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chapman CL, Johnson BD, Parker MD, Hostler D, Pryor RR, Schlader Z. Kidney physiology and pathophysiology during heat stress and the modification by exercise, dehydration, heat acclimation and aging. Temperature (Austin). 2021;8(2):108\u201359.","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"issue":"Pt C","key":"985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113351","volume":"212","author":"P Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang P, Tong HW, Lee TC, Goggins WB. Projecting future temperature-related mortality using annual time series data: an example from Hong Kong. Environ Res. 2022;212(Pt C):113351.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01426-3","volume":"92","author":"J Butler-Dawson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butler-Dawson J, Krisher L, Yoder H, Dally M, Sorensen C, Johnson RJ, et al. Evaluation of heat stress and cumulative incidence of acute kidney injury in sugarcane workers in Guatemala. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019;92(7):977\u201390.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799241235410","volume":"72","author":"E Hansson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hansson E, Jakobsson K, Glaser JR, Wesseling C, Chavarr\u00eda D, Lucas RAI, et al. Association between acute kidney injury hospital visits and environmental heat stress at a Nicaraguan sugarcane plantation. Workplace Health Saf. 2024;72(4):131\u201342.","journal-title":"Workplace Health Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2020.1812049","volume":"27","author":"R Pundee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pundee R, Kongtip P, Nankongnab N, Anutrakulchai S, Robson MG, Woskie S. Cross-shift change of acute kidney injury biomarkers in sugarcane farmers and cutters. Hum Ecol Risk Assess. 2021;27(5):1170\u201387.","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"issue":"12","key":"985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.196758","volume":"95","author":"P Gadde","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gadde P, Sanikommu S, Manumanthu R, Akkaloori A. Uddanam nephropathy in India: a challenge for epidemiologists. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95(12):848\u20139.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"19","key":"985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1813869","volume":"380","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, Wesseling C, Newman LS. Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in agricultural communities. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(19):1843\u201352.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00008-1","volume":"8","author":"S Hajat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hajat S, Casula A, Murage P, Omoyeni D, Gray T, Plummer Z, et al. Ambient heat and acute kidney injury: case-crossover analysis of 1\u2008354\u2008675 automated e-alert episodes linked to high-resolution climate data. Lancet Planet Health. 2024;8(3):e156\u2013e62.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206132","volume":"122","author":"CJ Gronlund","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gronlund CJ, Zanobetti A, Schwartz JD, Wellenius GA, O\u2019Neill MS. Heat, heat waves, and hospital admissions among the elderly in the United States, 1992\u20132006. Environ Health Perspect. 2014;122(11):1187\u201392.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfag100","volume":"19","author":"N Bodapati","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bodapati N, Hajat S, Steenkamp R, Gray T, Plummer Z, Nitsch D. Heat-related acute kidney injury risk in England: a nationwide case-crossover analysis of 947 342 AKI alerts. Clin Kidney J. 2026;19(4):sfag100.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2024.01150","volume":"18","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Kobayashi S, Karako K, Song P, Tang W. The latest policies, practices, and hotspots in research in conjunction with the aging of Japan\u2019s population. Biosci Trends. 2024;18(3):219\u201323.","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101932","volume":"88","author":"N Ray","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ray N, Reddy PH. Structural and physiological changes of the kidney with age and its impact on chronic conditions and COVID-19. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;88:101932.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000321","volume":"5","author":"LM Curtis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Curtis LM. Sex and Gender Differences in AKI. Kidney360. 2024;5(1):160\u20137.","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"issue":"6","key":"985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accre.2022.11.011","volume":"13","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang Y-J, Gao H, Ding T. Extreme cold wave in early November 2021 in China and the influences from the meridional pressure gradient over East Asia. Adv Clim Change Res. 2022;13(6):797\u2013802.","journal-title":"Adv Clim Change Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-01008-9","volume":"4","author":"J Cohen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cohen J, Agel L, Barlow M, Entekhabi D. No detectable trend in mid-latitude cold extremes during the recent period of Arctic amplification. Commun Earth Environ. 2023;4(1):341.","journal-title":"Commun Earth Environ"},{"key":"985_CR20","unstructured":"General information on climate of Japan [Internet]. Japan Meteorological Agency. [cited November, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.data.jma.go.jp\/gmd\/cpd\/longfcst\/en\/tourist.html#:~:text=Japan%20has%20four%20distinct%20seasons,side%20and%20in%20mountainous%20areas"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e293","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000293","volume":"8","author":"ZW Htay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Htay ZW, Ng CFS, Kim Y, Lim Y-H, Iwagami M, Hashizume M. Associations between short-term exposure to ambient temperature and renal disease mortality in Japan during 1979\u20132019: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. Environ Epidemiol. 2024;8(1):e293.","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"985_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149806","volume":"801","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu J, Varghese BM, Hansen A, Borg MA, Zhang Y, Driscoll T, et al. Hot weather as a risk factor for kidney disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Sci Total Environ. 2021;801:149806.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"31","key":"985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadr3070","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr3070","volume":"11","author":"CF Gould","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gould CF, Heft-Neal S, Heaney AK, Bendavid E, Callahan CW, Kiang MV, et al. Temperature extremes impact mortality and morbidity differently. Sci Adv. 2025;11(31):eadr3070.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR24","first-page":"55","volume":"4","author":"S Matsuda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matsuda S, Fujimori K, Fushimi K. Development of casemix based evaluation system in Japan. Asian Pac J Dis Manag. 2010;4(3):55\u201366.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Dis Manag"},{"key":"985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120498","volume":"266","author":"H Nishimura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nishimura H, Nawa N, Ogawa T, Fushimi K, Schwartz BS, Fujiwara T. Projections of future heat-related emergency hospitalizations for asthma under climate and demographic change scenarios: a Japanese nationwide time-series analysis. Environ Res. 2024;266:120498.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"985_CR26","unstructured":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision, version: 2019 [Internet]. WHO [cited November, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en."},{"key":"985_CR27","unstructured":"Terms used in weather forecasting, etc: Japan Meteorological Agency; 2023 Available from: https:\/\/www.jma.go.jp\/jma\/kishou\/know\/yougo_hp\/kion.html."},{"key":"985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragettli MS, Saucy A, Fl\u00fcckiger B, Vienneau D, de Hoogh K, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, et al. Explorative assessment of the temperature-mortality association to support health-based heat-warning thresholds: a national case-crossover study in Switzerland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(6):4958.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064958"},{"key":"985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-122","volume":"14","author":"BG Armstrong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armstrong BG, Gasparrini A, Tobias A. Conditional poisson models: a flexible alternative to conditional logistic case cross-over analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:122.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"2","key":"985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181632c24","volume":"19","author":"Y Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu Y, Symons JM, Geyh AS, Zeger SL. An approach to checking case-crossover analyses based on equivalence with time-series methods. Epidemiology. 2008;19(2):169\u201375.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"985_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181315.18836.9d","volume":"16","author":"H Janes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janes H, Sheppard L, Lumley T. Case-crossover analyses of air pollution exposure data: referent selection strategies and their implications for bias. Epidemiology. 2005;16(6):717\u201326.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"985_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobias A, Kim Y, Madaniyazi L. Time-stratified case-crossover studies for aggregated data in environmental epidemiology: a tutorial. Int J Epidemiol 2024;53(2):dyae020.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae020"},{"key":"985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-1","volume":"13","author":"A Gasparrini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gasparrini A, Armstrong B. Reducing and meta-analysing estimates from distributed lag non-linear models. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:1.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"21","key":"985_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940","volume":"29","author":"A Gasparrini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Kenward MG. Distributed lag non-linear models. Stat Med. 2010;29(21):2224\u201334.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"985_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"074069","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad5a25","volume":"19","author":"S Sivaraj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sivaraj S, Zscheischler J, Buzan JR, Martius O, Br\u00f6nnimann S, Vicedo-Cabrera AM. Heat, humidity and health impacts: how causal diagrams can help tell the complex story. Environ Res Lett. 2024;19(7):074069.","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"985_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000051","volume":"25","author":"JP Buckley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buckley JP, Samet JM, Richardson DB. Commentary: does air pollution confound studies of temperature? Epidemiology. 2014;25(2):242\u20135.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"985_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00027-X","volume":"7","author":"NJ Arisco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arisco NJ, Sewe MO, B\u00e4rnighausen T, Si\u00e9 A, Zabre P, Bunker A. The effect of extreme temperature and precipitation on cause-specific deaths in rural Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study. Lancet Planet Health. 2023;7(6):e478\u2013e89.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"985_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160960","volume":"863","author":"KN Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim KN, Shin MK, Lim YH, Bae S, Kim JH, Hwang SS, et al. Associations of cold exposure with hospital admission and mortality due to acute kidney injury: A nationwide time-series study in Korea. Sci Total Environ. 2023;863:160960.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"985_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa245","volume":"50","author":"W Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee W, Ebi KL, Kim Y, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Hideki H, et al. Heat-mortality risk and the population concentration of metropolitan areas in Japan: a nationwide time-series study. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(2):602\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2015.08.004","volume":"23","author":"A Denic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Denic A, Glassock RJ, Rule AD. Structural and functional changes with the aging kidney. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2016;23(1):19\u201328.","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0491-5","volume":"18","author":"SE Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim SE, Lee H, Kim J, Lee YK, Kang M, Hijioka Y, et al. Temperature as a risk factor of emergency department visits for acute kidney injury: a case-crossover study in Seoul, South Korea. Environ Health. 2019;18(1):55.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"985_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.055","volume":"642","author":"E Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim E, Kim H, Kim YC, Lee JP. Association between extreme temperature and kidney disease in South Korea, 2003-2013: Stratified by sex and age groups. Sci Total Environ. 2018;642:800\u20138.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.359","volume":"85","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X, Vrtiska TJ, Avula RT, Walters LR, Chakkera HA, Kremers WK, et al. Age, kidney function, and risk factors associate differently with cortical and medullary volumes of the kidney. Kidney Int. 2014;85(3):677\u201385.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7382","key":"985_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","volume":"326","author":"DG Altman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Altman DG, Bland JM. Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. Bmj. 2003;326(7382):219.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"11","key":"985_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117005","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5688","volume":"127","author":"R Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu R, Zhao Q, Coelho M, Saldiva PHN, Zoungas S, Huxley RR, et al. Association between heat exposure and hospitalization for diabetes in Brazil during 2000-2015: a nationwide case-crossover study. Environ Health Perspect. 2019;127(11):117005.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"10","key":"985_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206273","volume":"121","author":"GB Anderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson GB, Bell Michelle L, Peng Roger D. Methods to Calculate the Heat Index as an Exposure Metric in Environmental Health Research. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2013;121(10):1111\u20139.","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"985_CR47","unstructured":"Bell M. How do I calculate dew point when I know the temperature and the relative humidity? [October, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu\/dochelp\/QA\/Basic\/dewpoint.html."},{"key":"985_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.02.009","volume":"196","author":"JW Castellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castellani JW, Young AJ. Human physiological responses to cold exposure: acute responses and acclimatization to prolonged exposure. Auton Neurosci. 2016;196:63\u201374.","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"985_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087718","volume":"104","author":"BK Alba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alba BK, Castellani JW, Charkoudian N. Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans: Function, dysfunction and the distinctly counterproductive. Exp Physiol. 2019;104(8):1202\u201314.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"985_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(98)70057-5","volume":"31","author":"Y Yoshitomi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yoshitomi Y, Kojima S, Ogi M, Kuramochi M. Acute renal failure in accidental hypothermia of cold water immersion. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31(5):856\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-022-01060-6","volume":"46","author":"W Umishio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Umishio W, Ikaga T, Kario K, Fujino Y, Suzuki M, Ando S, et al. Role of housing in blood pressure control: a review of evidence from the Smart Wellness Housing survey in Japan. Hypertens Res. 2023;46(1):9\u201318.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.04.009","volume":"10","author":"S Guergova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guergova S, Dufour A. Thermal sensitivity in the elderly: a review. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(1):80\u201392.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"985_CR53","unstructured":"Marriott B, Carlson, SJ., editors. Nutritional needs in cold and in high-altitude environments: applications for military personnel in field operations. chapter 9, influence of cold stress on human fluid balance. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US): Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research; 1996."},{"key":"985_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.03.003","volume":"178","author":"DP Begg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Begg DP. Disturbances of thirst and fluid balance associated with aging. Physiol Behav. 2017;178:28\u201334.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"985_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112218","volume":"178","author":"S Nirengi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nirengi S, Stanford K. Brown adipose tissue and aging: a potential role for exercise. Exp Gerontol. 2023;178:112218.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"985_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000500344","volume":"74","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, S\u00e1nchez-Lozada LG, Newman LS, Lanaspa MA, Diaz HF, Lemery J, et al. Climate change and the kidney. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(suppl 3):38\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13897","volume":"18","author":"N Petejova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petejova N, Martinek A. Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis and renal replacement therapy: a critical review. Crit Care. 2014;18(3):224.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac166","volume":"38","author":"H Goto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goto H, Shoda S, Nakashima H, Noguchi M, Imakiire T, Ohshima N, et al. Early biomarkers for kidney injury in heat-related illness patients: a prospective observational study at Japanese Self-Defense Force Fuji Hospital. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(3):644\u201354.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"985_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.10.058","volume":"214","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yu T. Testosterone mediates hyperthermic response of mice to heat exposure. Life Sciences. 2018;214:34\u201340.","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.307","volume":"22","author":"M Tomaszewski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Maric C, Kuzniewicz R, Gola M, Grzeszczak W, et al. Inverse associations between androgens and renal function: the Young Men Cardiovascular Association (YMCA) study. Am J Hypertens. 2009;22(1):100\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"985_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F941","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00034.2005","volume":"289","author":"JF Reckelhoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reckelhoff JF, Yanes LL, Iliescu R, Fortepiani LA, Granger JP. Testosterone supplementation in aging men and women: possible impact on cardiovascular-renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005;289(5):F941\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"985_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01251-3","volume":"43","author":"S D\u2019Andrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea S, Spaggiari G, Barbonetti A, Santi D. Endogenous transient doping: physical exercise acutely increases testosterone levels-results from a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020;43(10):1349\u201371.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"49","key":"985_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadq3367","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq3367","volume":"10","author":"AJ Wilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilson AJ, Bressler RD, Ivanovich C, Tuholske C, Raymond C, Horton RM, et al. Heat disproportionately kills young people: evidence from wet-bulb temperature in Mexico. Sci Adv. 2024;10(49):eadq3367.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"985_CR64","unstructured":"[What is the ratio of women in the construction industry? Explaining the percentage of women in management positions and why there are so few women] Kensetsu Damashi2024 [October, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/d-spirit.jp\/news\/24587\/?utm_source."},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.474","volume":"44","author":"I Morioka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morioka I, Miyai N, Miyashita K. Hot environment and health problems of outdoor workers at a construction site. Ind Health. 2006;44(3):474\u201380.","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"985_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111821","volume":"262","author":"R Kawakami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kawakami R, Hasebe H, Yamamoto Y, Yoda S, Takeuchi G, Abe R, et al. Cooler break areas: reducing heat stress among construction workers in Japan. Build Environ. 2024;262:111821.","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"985_CR67","first-page":"52","volume":"72","author":"R Tano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tano R, Hirano T. Preventing tobacco use among young adults has significant implications for public health in the future. J Natl Inst Public Health. 2023;72:52\u201361.","journal-title":"J Natl Inst Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"985_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.10.008","volume":"83","author":"M Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen M, Ding N, Grams ME, Matsushita K, Ishigami J. Cigarette smoking and risk of hospitalization with acute kidney injury: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;83(6):794\u2013802.e1.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"985_CR69","unstructured":"Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. Lancet. 2022;400(10347):185\u2013235."},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1996.57.47","volume":"57","author":"DG Uitenbroek","year":"1996","unstructured":"Uitenbroek DG. Seasonal variation in alcohol use. J Stud Alcohol. 1996;57(1):47\u201352.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"4","key":"985_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq029","volume":"45","author":"RM Hobson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hobson RM, Maughan RJ. Hydration status and the diuretic action of a small dose of alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010;45(4):366\u201373.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"985_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagai S, Kimura M, Honda M, Iida T, Mizuno H. Gender differences in help-seeking: a meta-analysis of Japanese studies, including unreported data. Jpn Psychol Res 2023;68(2):212\u201331.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpr.12467"},{"issue":"3","key":"985_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.07.019","volume":"82","author":"NM Daan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daan NM, Fauser BC. Menopause prediction and potential implications. Maturitas. 2015;82(3):257\u201365.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"1","key":"985_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21534-9","volume":"25","author":"X Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang X, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Wang W, Lin T, Qiu Y. Gender differences in associations between obesity and hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia: evidence from electronic health records of 3.5 million Chinese senior population. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):405.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"985_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2215-8","volume":"285","author":"I Kaygusuz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaygusuz I, Gumus II, Yuvaci HU, Kasapo\u011flu B, Carlioglu A. Does hormone replacement therapy have beneficial effects on renal functions in menopausal women? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(6):1643\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00985-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00985-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00985-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:02:06Z","timestamp":1792533726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00985-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-026-00985-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors declared no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Institute of Science Tokyo (ID: M2000-788).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}