{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:36:42Z","timestamp":1758271002576,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hum Hypertens"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Arterial stiffness, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can be measured using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). We studied sex-specific associations between carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), aortic PWV (aoPWV), aortic (aoAIx), and brachial (baAIx) AIx with echocardiographic parameters. Data of 1150 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend 1; 530 men; median age 53 years; inter quartile range (IQR) 44 to 64) were used. Echocardiography assessed common structural and functional cardiac parameters. PWV and AIx were\u00a0measured using the Vascular Explorer. Multivariable linear regression models were applied. In men, a higher brAIx was related to a greater right ventricular diameter (RV) (\u03b2 0.037; CI 0.003 to 0.148). A one m\/s higher baPWV was associated with a smaller RV (\u03b2 \u22120.037; CI \u22120.168 to \u22120.021) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT; \u03b2 \u22120.029; CI \u22120.141 to \u22120.026). In men, a higher aoAIx (\u03b2 0.028; CI 0.01 to 0.122) and brAIx (\u03b2 0.029; CI 0.017 to 0.13) were associated with a greater RVOT. In women, a one m\/s higher aoPWV (\u03b2 0.025; CI 0.006 to 0.105) was associated with a larger RV and a one m\/s higher baPWV (\u03b2 \u22120.031; CI \u22120.124 to \u22120.001) was inversely related to RVOT. In women, PWV associated with right ventricular dimensions, while in men, baPWV and AIx were related to right ventricular parameters. This suggests potentially sex-specific relations between PWV and cardiac structure and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-025-01000-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T16:33:32Z","timestamp":1741365212000},"page":"254-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex and resting heart rate influence the relation between arterial stiffness and cardiac structure and function \u2013 insights from the general population"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Sista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Ittermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello R. P.","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6572-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keeron","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Stoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Bahls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1000_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab154","volume":"29","author":"FLJ Visseren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Back M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29:5\u2013115.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"1000_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.36628\/ijhf.2020.0029","volume":"2","author":"T Weber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weber T. The role of arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in heart failure. Int J Heart Fail. 2020;2:209\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Heart Fail"},{"key":"1000_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001248","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1001248","volume":"9","author":"M Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim M, Kim HL, Lim WH, Seo JB, Kim SH, Kim MA, et al. Association between arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function: a large population-based Cross-Sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:1001248.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"1000_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004903","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004903","volume":"6","author":"V Bell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bell V, McCabe EL, Larson MG, Rong J, Merz AA, Osypiuk E, et al. Relations between aortic stiffness and left ventricular mechanical function in the community. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e004903.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1000_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21314","volume":"80","author":"K Stone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stone K, Veerasingam D, Meyer ML, Heffernan KS, Higgins S, Maria Bruno R, et al. Reimagining the value of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk-A call to action on behalf of VascAgeNet. Hypertension. 2023;80:1980\u201392.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1000_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2020.1794538","volume":"53","author":"R Del Giorno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Del Giorno R, Troiani C, Gabutti S, Stefanelli K, Gabutti L. Comparing oscillometric and tonometric methods to assess pulse wave velocity: a Population-Based study. Ann Med. 2021;53:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1000_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001838","volume":"19","author":"J Sugawara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sugawara J, Hayashi K, Yokoi T, Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Anton MA, et al. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: an index of central arterial stiffness? J Hum Hypertens. 2005;19:401\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"1000_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32832e94e7","volume":"27","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Munakata M, Kawano Y, Ohishi M, Shoji T, Sugawara J, et al. Comparison between carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as measures of arterial stiffness. J Hypertens. 2009;27:2022\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"1000_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1236","volume":"37","author":"S Laurent","year":"2001","unstructured":"Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001;37:1236\u201341.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1000_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002259","volume":"22","author":"WC Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu WC, Chuang SY, Lin YP, Chen CH. Brachial-ankle vs carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity as a determinant of cardiovascular structure and function. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22:24\u201331.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"1000_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986847","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/986847","volume":"2013","author":"B Chow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chow B, Rabkin SW. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is the only index of arterial stiffness that correlates with a mitral valve indices of diastolic dysfunction, but no index correlates with left atrial size. Cardiol Res Pract. 2013;2013:986847.","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"key":"1000_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2010.44","volume":"25","author":"L Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu L, Jiang CQ, Lam TH, Yue XJ, Lin JM, Cheng KK, et al. Arterial stiffness and left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-CVD. J Hum Hypertens. 2011;25:152\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"1000_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5783","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005783","volume":"96","author":"HL Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim HL, Lim WH, Seo JB, Chung WY, Kim SH, Kim MA, et al. Association between arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in relation to gender and age. Medicine. 2017;96:e5783.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1000_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp394","volume":"40","author":"H Volzke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volzke H, Alte D, Schmidt CO, Radke D, Lorbeer R, Friedrich N, et al. Cohort profile: The Study of Health in Pomerania. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:294\u2013307.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1000_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e372","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac034","volume":"51","author":"H Volzke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Volzke H, Schossow J, Schmidt CO, Jurgens C, Richter A, Werner A, et al. Cohort profile update: The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Int J Epidemiol. 2022;51:e372\u2013e383.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1000_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.030","volume":"209","author":"H Volzke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Volzke H, Haring R, Lorbeer R, Wallaschofski H, Reffelmann T, Empen K, et al. Heart valve sclerosis predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209:606\u201310.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1000_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","volume":"2","author":"NB Schiller","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, DeMaria A, Devereux R, Feigenbaum H, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1989;2:358\u201367.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"1000_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90771-X","volume":"57","author":"RB Devereux","year":"1986","unstructured":"Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57:450\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1000_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","volume":"16","author":"RM Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:233\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1000_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.06.004","volume":"23","author":"UG Kyle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, G\u00f3mez JM, et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis\u2014part I: review of principles and methods. Clin Nutr. 2004;23:1226\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1000_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1225","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00317.2015","volume":"309","author":"MG Schultz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schultz MG, Hughes AD, Davies JE, Sharman JE. Associations and clinical relevance of aortic-brachial artery stiffness mismatch, aortic reservoir function, and central pressure augmentation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015;309:H1225\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"1000_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.07.044","volume":"76","author":"N Suthahar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suthahar N, Lau ES, Blaha MJ, Paniagua SM, Larson MG, Psaty BM, et al. Sex-specific associations of cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers with incident heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:1455\u201365.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1000_CR23","first-page":"737","volume":"6","author":"VM Miller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miller VM. Sex-based differences in vascular function. Womens Health. 2010;6:737\u201352.","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"1000_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S159437","volume":"14","author":"D Ato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ato D. Pitfalls in the ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2018;14:41\u201362.","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"1000_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.25.359","volume":"25","author":"A Yamashina","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, et al. Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002;25:359\u201364.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"1000_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq024","volume":"31","author":"C Vlachopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, O\u2019Rourke MF, Safar ME, Baou K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with central haemodynamics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:1865\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1000_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00769.2018","volume":"127","author":"MHG Heusinkveld","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heusinkveld MHG, Delhaas T, Lumens J, Huberts W, Spronck B, Hughes AD, et al. Augmentation index is not a proxy for wave reflection magnitude: mechanistic analysis using a computational model. J Appl Physiol. 2019;127:491\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1000_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520903623","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520903623","volume":"48","author":"MM Alem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alem MM, Alshehri AM. Inter-relationships between left ventricular mass, geometry and arterial stiffness. J Int Med Res. 2020;48:300060520903623.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"1000_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2014.113","volume":"37","author":"MJ Sibiya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sibiya MJ, Norton GR, Hodson B, Redelinghuys M, Maseko MJ, Majane OH, et al. Gender-specific contribution of aortic augmentation index to variations in left ventricular mass index in a community sample of African ancestry. Hypertens Res. 2014;37:1021\u20137.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"1000_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3a","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(08)71019-5","volume":"24","author":"JM Arnold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arnold JM, Fitchett DH, Howlett JG, Lonn EM, Tardif JC. Resting heart rate: a modifiable prognostic indicator of cardiovascular risk and outcomes? Can J Cardiol. 2008;24:3a\u20138a.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"1000_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09097","volume":"69","author":"T Ohkuma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ohkuma T, Ninomiya T, Tomiyama H, Kario K, Hoshide S, Kita Y, et al. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the risk prediction of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2017;69:1045\u201352.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1000_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.3.434","volume":"38","author":"GM London","year":"2001","unstructured":"London GM, Blacher J, Pannier B, Gu\u00e9rin AP, Marchais SJ, Safar ME. Arterial wave reflections and survival in end-stage renal failure. Hypertension. 2001;38:434\u20138.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1000_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.089078","volume":"50","author":"MJ Roman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kizer JR, Lee ET, Galloway JM, Ali T, et al. Central pressure more strongly relates to vascular disease and outcome than does brachial pressure: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertension. 2007;50:197\u2013203.","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-025-01000-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-025-01000-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-025-01000-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T21:03:58Z","timestamp":1744319038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-025-01000-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41371-025-01000-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-5527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and conformed to the principles of the declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The Study of Health in Pomeria was approved by the ethics committee of the University Medicine Greifswald.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors report no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}