{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:03:54Z","timestamp":1792803834229,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hum Hypertens"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Hypertension control is the crucial indicator for cardiovascular disease programs. We conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey to estimate hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the selected districts in 2018\u201319, where the India Hypertension Control Initiative is being implemented. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in nine project districts for 18\u201369 years age group. The sample size was 624 per district. The study population was individuals with raised BP\/diagnosed HT. We estimated the proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each district\u2019s awareness, treatment, and control. We computed unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% CI for factors associated with BP control. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)\u2009&gt;\u2009=\u2009140 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)\u2009&gt;\u2009=\u200990\u2009mmHg or treatment in the previous two weeks. Control was defined as SBP\u2009&lt;\u2009140 and DBP\u2009&lt;\u200990\u2009mmHg. Among 7047 who had hypertension, 52.4% were aware, 40.8% were on treatment, and 14.5% had BP control. BP control was below 5% in two districts, 5\u201315% in three districts, and more than 15% in four districts. Among hypertensives aware of the diagnosis, the factors (APR with 95% CI) associated with control were lack of alcohol consumption [1.28 (1.09\u20131.52)], recent visit to government [1.98 (1.57\u20132.50)] or private facility [1.99 (1.61\u20132.46)] and treatment with single drug [2.40 (1.98\u20132.90)] or multiple drugs [2.84 (2.27\u20133.55)]. The simple, rapid population-based surveys can document awareness, treatment, and control changes. Improving access to treatment for hypertension through the public or private sector should be a high priority for India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-025-01005-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1742622070000},"page":"376-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Population-based surveillance for hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in nine districts - India Hypertension Control Initiative, 2018\u201319"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2605-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhdeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamaraj","family":"Pattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirthammal","family":"Gunasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vettrichelvan","family":"Venkatasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azhagendran","family":"Sivalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabarinathan","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sailaja","family":"Bitragunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8304-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tapas","family":"Chakma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada 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All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}