{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:18:40Z","timestamp":1783549120153,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hum Hypertens"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-026-01164-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:11:26Z","timestamp":1780967486000},"page":"515-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronotherapy in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of antihypertensive dosing timing on cardiovascular outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1539-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Valli","family":"Parreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7282-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Cheidde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8574-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Deolindo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2449-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Daniel Ribeiro","family":"Megiolaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6796-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Nascimento","family":"Giffoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlos Daniell Ara\u00fajo","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fonseca Oliveira Suruagy-Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Harmouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1164_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","volume":"398","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2021","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021;398:957\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1164_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","volume":"387","author":"D Ettehad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T, Emberson J, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387:957\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1164_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19043","volume":"317","author":"MH Forouzanfar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110\u2013115 mm Hg, 1990\u20132015. JAMA. 2017;317:165\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.19043","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1164_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39553.670231.25","volume":"336","author":"B Vrijens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vrijens B, Vincze G, Kristanto P, Urquhart J, Burnier M. Adherence to prescribed antihypertensive drug treatments: longitudinal study of electronically compiled dosing histories. BMJ. 2008;336:1114\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1164_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00603.x","volume":"232","author":"M Burnier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Burnier M, Waeber B, Brunner HR. First-line pharmacological treatment of hypertension. J Intern Med. 1992;232:381\u20138.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1164_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000447","volume":"33","author":"C Thomopoulos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. Effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugs-overview and meta-analyses. J Hypertens. 2015;33:195\u2013211.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"1164_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14236","volume":"23","author":"N Verma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma N, Rastogi S, Chia YC, Siddique S, Turana Y, Cheng HM, et al. Non-pharmacological management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2021;23:1275\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.14236","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"1164_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-1085","volume":"76","author":"H Kayano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kayano H, Koba S, Matsui T, Hiroto F, Tsutomu T, Tetsuo S, et al. Anxiety disorder is associated with nocturnal and early morning hypertension with or without morning surge: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Circ J. 2012;76:1670\u20137.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"1164_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03958","volume":"64","author":"NB Rossen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossen NB, Knudsen ST, Fleischer J, Hvas AM, Ebbeh\u00f8j E, Poulsen PL, et al. Targeting nocturnal hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension. 2014;64:1080\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03958","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","volume":"45","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the european society of cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of endocrinology (ESE) and the European stroke organisation (ESO). Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3912\u20134018.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1164_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.9","volume":"39","author":"N Takeda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takeda N, Maemura K. Circadian clock and the onset of cardiovascular events. Hypertens Res. 2016;39:383\u201390.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"1164_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.04.003","volume":"16","author":"F Portaluppi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Portaluppi F, Tiseo R, Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fabbian F. Circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16:151\u201366.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"1164_CR13","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Matthew J, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.5. Cochrane; 2024. Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook"},{"key":"1164_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Isabelle B, Tammy HC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1164_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","volume":"36","author":"W Viechtbauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw. 2010;36:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"1164_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1164_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.16.2073","volume":"289","author":"HR Black","year":"2003","unstructured":"Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G, Grambsch P, Lucente T, White WB, et al. Principal results of the controlled onset verapamil investigation of cardiovascular end points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA. 2003;289:2073\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.16.2073","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1164_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2513812","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.13812","volume":"8","author":"SR Garrison","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garrison SR, Youngson ERE, Perry DA, Campbell FN, Korownyk CS, Green LA, et al. Bedtime vs morning antihypertensive medications in frail older adults: the bedmed-frail randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8:e2513812 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.13812","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1164_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.4390","volume":"333","author":"SR Garrison","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garrison SR, Bakal JA, Kolber MR, Korownyk CS, Green LA, Kirkwood JEM, et al. Antihypertensive medication timing and cardiovascular events and death: the bedmed randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2025;333:2061\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2025.4390","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1164_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.4.597","volume":"21","author":"P Tatti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tatti P, Pahor M, Byington RP, Di Mauro P, Guarisco R, Strollo G, et al. Outcome results of the fosinopril versus amlodipine cardiovascular events randomized trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:597\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.21.4.597","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1164_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01786-X","volume":"400","author":"IS Mackenzie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mackenzie IS, Rogers A, Poulter NR, Williams B, Brown MJ, Webb DJ, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1417\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01786-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1164_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003508","volume":"41","author":"M Abuelazm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abuelazm M, Saleh O, Albarakat MM, Katamesh B, Abdalshafy H, Mahmoud A, et al. The effect of bedtime versus morning dosing of antihypertensive drugs on the cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2023;41:1595\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003508","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"1164_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100727","volume":"51","author":"RH Fagard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fagard RH, Celis H, Thijs L, Staessen JA, Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, et al. Daytime and nighttime blood pressure as predictors of death and cause-specific cardiovascular events in hypertension. Hypertension. 2008;51:55\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100727","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320903611","volume":"28","author":"R Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta R, Malik AH, Popli T, Ranchal P, Yandrapalli S, Aronow WS. Impact of bedtime dosing of antihypertensives compared to morning therapy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28:e5\u2013e8.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"1164_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003783","volume":"42","author":"EK Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee EK, Wang S, Ng WL, Ramdzan SN, Tse E, Chan L, et al. Evening dosing versus morning dosing of antihypertensive medications for nocturnal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 107 randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2024;42:1653\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003783","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"1164_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2019.02.31814","volume":"20","author":"Y Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo Y, Ren L, Jiang M, Chu Y. Anti-hypertensive efficacy of amlodipine dosing during morning versus evening: a meta-analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2019;20:91\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"1164_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20862","volume":"80","author":"MH Maqsood","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maqsood MH, Messerli FH, Skolnick AH, Newman JD, Berger JS, Bangalore S. Timing of antihypertensive drug therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Hypertension. 2023;80:1544\u201354.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12354","volume":"16","author":"GC Roush","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roush GC, Fapohunda J, Kostis JB. Evening dosing of antihypertensive therapy to reduce cardiovascular events: a third type of evidence based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Clin Hypertens. 2014;16:561\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"1164_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2016.0027","volume":"23","author":"Y Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun Y, Yu X, Liu J, Zhou N, Chen L, Zhao Y, et al. Effect of bedtime administration of blood-pressure lowering agents on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results: a meta-analysis. Cardiol J. 2016;23:473\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/CJ.a2016.0027","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"1164_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02081-8","volume":"21","author":"Z Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie Z, Zhang J, Wang C, Yan X. Chronotherapy for morning blood pressure surge in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21:274.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"1164_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24127","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024127","volume":"100","author":"P Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang P, Jin MY, Song XY, Wang Z, Jiang YH, Yang CH. Comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of morning and bedtime dosing on reducing morning blood pressure surge: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021;100:e24127.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1164_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17356","volume":"78","author":"M Brunstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brunstr\u00f6m M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Gjesdal K, Narkiewicz K, Burnier M, et al. Missing verification of source data in hypertension research: the HYGIA PROJECT in perspective. Hypertension. 2021;78:555\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17356","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06981","volume":"67","author":"GF Salles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salles GF, Reboldi G, Fagard RH, Cardoso CR, Pierdomenico SD, Verdecchia P, et al. Prognostic effect of the nocturnal blood pressure fall in hypertensive patients: the ambulatory blood pressure collaboration in patients with hypertension (ABC-H) meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2016;67:693\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06981","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61538-4","volume":"370","author":"J Boggia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boggia J, Li Y, Thijs L, Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Bj\u00f6rklund-Bodeg\u00e5rd K, et al. International database on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in relation to cardiovascular outcomes (IDACO) investigators. Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study. Lancet. 2007;370:1219\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61538-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1164_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10971","volume":"71","author":"K Kario","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kario K. Nocturnal hypertension new technology and evidence. Hypertension. 2018;71:997\u20131009.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.122861","volume":"54","author":"P Verdecchia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Mazzotta G, Gentile G, Reboldi G. Home blood pressure measurements will not replace 24\u2009h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension. 2009;54:188\u201395.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07201","volume":"68","author":"S Hoshide","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoshide S, Yano Y, Haimoto H, Yamagiwa K, Uchiba K, Nagasaka S, et al. Morning and evening home blood pressure and risks of incident stroke and coronary artery disease in the Japanese general practice population: the Japan morning surge-home blood pressure study. Hypertension. 2016;68:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07201","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1164_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"G Mancia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstr\u00f6m M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: endorsed by the international society of hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023;41:1874\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","journal-title":"J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-026-01164-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-026-01164-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-026-01164-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:02:55Z","timestamp":1783548175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41371-026-01164-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41371-026-01164-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-5527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable as this is a systematic review per PRISMA Guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not relevant, as no individual patient data was used.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors consent to publication, and this study has not been accepted for publication elsewhere.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}