{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:45:16Z","timestamp":1790801116339,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0303-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T14:15:41Z","timestamp":1546956941000},"page":"415-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Death or resolution: the \u201cnatural history\u201d of pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5141-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Altit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazia","family":"Bhombal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa A.","family":"Tacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e682","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1827","volume":"129","author":"R Bhat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhat R, Salas AA, Foster C, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. Prospective analysis of pulmonary hypertension in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2012;129:e682\u2013e689.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"303_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0971","volume":"120","author":"E Khemani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khemani E, McElhinney DB, Rhein L, Andrade O, Lacro RV, Thomas KC, et al. Pulmonary artery hypertension in formerly premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical features and outcomes in the surfactant era. Pediatrics. 2007;120:1260\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"303_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abman SH, Hansmann G, Archer SL, Ivy DD, Adatia I, Chung WK, et al. Pediatric pulmonary hypertension guidelines from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society. Circulation. 2015;132:21.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000329"},{"key":"303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weismann, C. G., Asnes, J. D., Bazzy-Asaad, A., et al. Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants: results of a prospective screening program. Journal of Perinatology, 2017;37:p. 572.","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.255"},{"key":"303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2013.01.009","volume":"37","author":"SK Berkelhamer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berkelhamer SK, Mestan KK, Steinhorn RH. Pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Perinatol. 2013;37:124\u201331.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"303_CR6","unstructured":"Altit G, Dancea A, Renaud C, Perreault T, Lands LC, Sant\u2019Anna G. Pathophysiology, screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-a review of the literature. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2016;23:16\u201326."},{"key":"303_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.05.001","volume":"11","author":"M Farquhar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farquhar M, Fitzgerald DA. Pulmonary hypertension in chronic neonatal lung disease. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2010;11:149\u201353.","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42:377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.1.68","volume":"68","author":"M King","year":"1983","unstructured":"King M, Braun H, Goldblatt A, Liberthson R, Weyman A. Interventricular septal configuration as a predictor of right ventricular systolic hypertension in children: a cross-sectional echocardiographic study. Circulation. 1983;68:68\u201375.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.03.022","volume":"104","author":"D Kalfa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalfa D, Belli E, Bacha E, Lambert V, di Carlo D, Kostolny M, et al. Primary pulmonary vein stenosis: outcomes, risk factors, and severity score in a multicentric study. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;104:182\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"303_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","volume":"163","author":"AH Jobe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:1723\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"303_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","volume":"13","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:59.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"303_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187:1.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"303_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02083145","volume":"1","author":"A Davignon","year":"1980","unstructured":"Davignon A. ECG standards for children. Pediatr Cardiol. 1980;1:133\u201352.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147. e141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.014","volume":"196","author":"AA Fanaroff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fanaroff AA, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Stark AR, et al. Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birthweight infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196:147. e141\u2013148.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073059","volume":"358","author":"JE Tyson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tyson JE, Parikh NA, Langer J, Green C, Higgins RD. Intensive care for extreme prematurity\u2014moving beyond gestational age. New Engl J Med. 2008;358:1672\u201381.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"303_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01775.x","volume":"63","author":"A Matsuda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsuda A, Orihara K, Fukuda S, Fujinaga H, Matsumoto K, Saito H. Corticosteroid enhances TNF-alpha-mediated leukocyte adhesion to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Allergy. 2008;63:1610\u20136.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0262-y","volume":"16","author":"LC Price","year":"2015","unstructured":"Price LC, Shao D, Meng C, Perros F, Garfield BE, Zhu J, et al. Dexamethasone induces apoptosis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Respir Res. 2015;16:114.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L351","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00369.2007","volume":"294","author":"EM Wagner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wagner EM, Sanchez J, McClintock JY, Jenkins J, Moldobaeva A. Inflammation and ischemia-induced lung angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008;294:L351\u2013357.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136221","volume":"10","author":"W Neuhaus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neuhaus W, Schlundt M, Fehrholz M, Ehrke A, Kunzmann S, Liebner S, et al. Multiple antenatal dexamethasone treatment alters brain vessel differentiation in newborn mouse pups. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0136221.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"303_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000101450","volume":"44","author":"LJ Kasselman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kasselman LJ, Kintner J, Sideris A, Pasnikowski E, Krellman JW, Shah S, et al. Dexamethasone treatment and ICAM-1 deficiency impair VEGF-induced angiogenesis in adult brain. J Vasc Res. 2007;44:283\u201391.","journal-title":"J Vasc Res"},{"key":"303_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5083","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.258210","volume":"591","author":"Y Niu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niu Y, Herrera EA, Evans RD, Giussani DA. Antioxidant treatment improves neonatal survival and prevents impaired cardiac function at adulthood following neonatal glucocorticoid therapy. J Physiol. 2013;591:5083\u201393.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"303_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9250","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009250","volume":"5","author":"EA Herrera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herrera EA, Verkerk MM, Derks JB, Giussani DA. Antioxidant treatment alters peripheral vascular dysfunction induced by postnatal glucocorticoid therapy in rats. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e9250.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000036281.74804.27","volume":"52","author":"WB Vries de","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Vries WB, van der Leij FR, Bakker JM, Kamphuis PJ, van Oosterhout MF, Schipper ME, et al. Alterations in adult rat heart after neonatal dexamethasone therapy. Pediatr Res. 2002;52:900\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"303_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244","volume":"314","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Walsh MC, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, et al. Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993-2012. JAMA. 2015;314:1039\u201351.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"303_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heching HK, Turner M, Farkouh-Karoleski C, Krishnan U. Pulmonary vein stenosis and necrotising enterocolitis: is there a possible link with necrotising enterocolitis? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014:99:F282\u20135.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304740"},{"key":"303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1583","volume":"121","author":"PM Mourani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mourani PM, Sontag MK, Younoszai A, Ivy DD, Abman SH. Clinical utility of echocardiography for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary vascular disease in young children with chronic lung disease. Pediatrics. 2008;121:317\u201325.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"303_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.67.040403.102229","volume":"67","author":"KR Stenmark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stenmark KR, Abman SH. Lung vascular development: implications for the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:623\u201361.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"303_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mourani PM, Abman SH. Pulmonary hypertension and vascular abnormalities in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. ClinPerinatol. 2015;42; 839\u2013855.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.08.010"},{"key":"303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.646166","volume":"115","author":"LA Latson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Latson LA, Prieto LR. Congenital and acquired pulmonary vein stenosis. Circulation. 2007;115:103\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"303_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/791653","volume":"16","author":"R Amin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amin R, Kwon S, Moayedi Y, Sweezey N. Pulmonary vein stenosis: case report and literature review. Can Respir J. 2009;16:e77.","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"303_CR32","first-page":"46","volume":"9","author":"J Edwards","year":"1959","unstructured":"Edwards J. Congenital stenosis of pulmonary veins. Pathologic and developmental considerations. Lab Investig. 1959;9:46\u201366.","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"303_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1279-1","volume":"37","author":"D Laux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laux D, Rocchisani MA, Boudjemline Y, Gouton M, Bonnet D, Ovaert C. Pulmonary hypertension in the preterm infant with chronic lung disease can be caused by pulmonary vein stenosis: a must-know entity. Pediatr Cardiol. 2016;37:313\u201321.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"303_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swier NL, Richards B, Cua CL, Lynch SK, Yin H, Nelin LD, et al. Pulmonary vein stenosis in neonates with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Perinatol 2016;33:671\u20137.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571201"},{"key":"303_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahgoub L, Kaddoura T, Kameny AR, Lopez Ortego P, Vanderlaan RD, Kakadekar A, et al. Pulmonary vein stenosis of ex\u2010premature infants with pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, epidemiology, and survival from a multicenter cohort. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:1063\u201370.","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23679"},{"key":"303_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571201","volume":"33","author":"NL Swier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swier NL, Richards B, Cua CL, Lynch SK, Yin H, Nelin LD, et al. Pulmonary vein stenosis in neonates with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:671\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-018-0303-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-018-0303-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-018-0303-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:27:48Z","timestamp":1684618068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-018-0303-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-018-0303-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-8346","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the content of this study. Gabriel Altit is the author that wrote the first draft. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Stanford University (protocol - IRB-39388). The study was supported by the Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease at Stanford.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}