{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:19:19Z","timestamp":1792808359513,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0718-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T07:03:54Z","timestamp":1594796634000},"page":"1358-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The effect of prolonged tracheal intubation on the association between patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (grades 2 and 3)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5341-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald I.","family":"Clyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy K.","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.08.057","volume":"216","author":"KH Hsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu KH, Nguyen J, Dekom S, Ramanathan R, Noori S. Effects of patent ductus arteriosus on organ blood flow in infants born very preterm: a prospective study with serial echocardiography. J Pediatr. 2020;216:95\u2013100.e102.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70210-1","volume":"125","author":"S Shimada","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shimada S, Kasai T, Konishi M, Fujiwara T. Effects of patent ductus arteriosus on left ventricular output and organ blood flows in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant. J Pediatr. 1994;125:270\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000475933","volume":"112","author":"A Ledo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ledo A, Aguar M, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Ramiro A, Sa\u00e9nz P, Vento M. Abdominal near-infrared spectroscopy detects low mesenteric perfusion early in preterm infants with hemodynamic significant ductus arteriosus. Neonatology. 2017;112:238\u201345.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"718_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0925","volume":"121","author":"PM Lemmers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lemmers PM, Toet MC, van Bel F. Impact of patent ductus arteriosus and subsequent therapy with indomethacin on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2008;121:142\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"718_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000074955","volume":"85","author":"M Szymankiewicz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Szymankiewicz M, Hodgman JE, Siassi B, Gadzinowski J. Mechanics of breathing after surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Biol Neonate. 2004;85:32\u20136.","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"718_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000241348","volume":"38","author":"T Gerhardt","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gerhardt T, Bancalari E. Lung compliance in newborns with patent ductus arteriosus before and after surgical ligation. Biol Neonate. 1980;38:96\u2013105.","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"718_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2051","volume":"121","author":"D McCurnin","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCurnin D, Seidner S, Chang LY, Waleh N, Ikegami M, Petershack J, et al. Ibuprofen-induced patent ductus arteriosus closure: physiologic, histologic, and biochemical effects on the premature lung. Pediatrics. 2008;121:945\u201356.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"718_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1262","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2045","volume":"122","author":"D McCurnin","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCurnin D, Clyman RI. Effects of a patent ductus arteriosus on postprandial mesenteric perfusion in premature baboons. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e1262\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"718_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fowlie PW, Davis PG. Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010:CD000174.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000174.pub2"},{"key":"718_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooke L, Steer P, Woodgate P. Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003:CD003745.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003745"},{"key":"718_CR11","first-page":"CD003481","volume":"2","author":"A Ohlsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2:CD003481.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"718_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohlsson A, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and\/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011:CD004213.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004213.pub3"},{"key":"718_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.3","volume":"30","author":"WE Benitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benitz WE. Treatment of persistent patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: time to accept the null hypothesis? J Perinatol. 2010;30:241\u201352.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"718_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.012","volume":"205","author":"RI Clyman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clyman RI, Liebowitz M, Kaempf J, Erdeve O, Bulbul A, Hakansson S, et al. PDA-TOLERATE trial: an exploratory randomized controlled trial of treatment of moderate-to-large patent ductus arteriosus at 1 week of age. J Pediatr. 2019;205:41\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.012","volume":"166","author":"F Schena","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schena F, Francescato G, Cappelleri A, Picciolli I, Mayer A, Mosca F, et al. Association between hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2015;166:1488\u201392.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F505","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-303816","volume":"98","author":"A Sellmer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sellmer A, Bjerre JV, Schmidt MR, McNamara PJ, Hjortdal VE, Host B, et al. Morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus on day 3. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98:F505\u201310.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"718_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697672","volume":"37","author":"RI Clyman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clyman RI, Hills NK, Liebowitz M, Johng S. Relationship between duration of infant exposure to a moderate-to-large patent ductus arteriosus shunt and the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death before 36 weeks. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37:216\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"718_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0204","volume":"114","author":"MC Walsh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walsh MC, Yao Q, Gettner P, Hale E, Collins M, Hensman A, et al. Impact of a physiologic definition on bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1305\u201311.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"718_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","volume":"163","author":"AH Jobe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:1723\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"718_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0249","volume":"116","author":"RA Ehrenkranz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehrenkranz RA, Walsh MC, Vohr BR, Jobe AH, Wright LL, Fanaroff AA, et al. Validation of the National Institutes of Health consensus definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1353\u201360.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"718_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201504-218OC","volume":"12","author":"BB Poindexter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poindexter BB, Feng R, Schmidt B, Aschner JL, Ballard RA, Hamvas A, et al. Comparisons and limitations of current definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia for the prematurity and respiratory outcomes program. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12:1822\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"718_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-207","volume":"13","author":"W Onland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Onland W, Debray TP, Laughon MM, Miedema M, Cools F, Askie LM, et al. Clinical prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review and external validation study. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:207.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2348OC","volume":"200","author":"EA Jensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jensen EA, Dysart K, Gantz MG, McDonald S, Bamat NA, Keszler M, et al. The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. an evidence-based approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200:751\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"718_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.02.062","volume":"157","author":"N Jhaveri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jhaveri N, Moon-Grady A, Clyman RI. Early surgical ligation versus a conservative approach for management of patent ductus arteriosus that fails to close after indomethacin treatment. J Pediatr. 2010;157:381\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F419","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.027698","volume":"90","author":"M El Hajjar","year":"2005","unstructured":"El Hajjar M, Vaksmann G, Rakza T, Kongolo G, Storme L. Severity of the ductal shunt: a comparison of different markers. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90:F419\u201322.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"718_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.03.021","volume":"187","author":"M Liebowitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liebowitz M, Clyman RI. Prophylactic indomethacin compared with delayed conservative management of the patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants: effects on neonatal outcomes. J Pediatr. 2017;187:119\u201326.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.01.058","volume":"164","author":"RI Clyman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clyman RI, Wickremasinghe A, Merritt TA, Solomon T, McNamara P, Jain A, et al. Hypotension following patent ductus arteriosus ligation: the role of adrenal hormones. J Pediatr. 2014;164:1449\u201355.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1555122","volume":"33","author":"MC Liebowitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liebowitz MC, Clyman RI. Predicting the need for home oxygen therapy in preterm infants born before 28 weeks\u2019 gestation. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:34\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"718_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","volume":"13","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:59.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"LA Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weight < 1500 grams. J Pediatr. 1978;92:529\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"718_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"718_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0055OC","volume":"183","author":"MM Laughon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laughon MM, Langer JC, Bose CL, Smith PB, Ambalavanan N, Kennedy KA, et al. Prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by postnatal age in extremely premature infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:1715\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"718_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0496-5","volume":"39","author":"H Mirza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirza H, Garcia J, McKinley G, Hubbard L, Sensing W, Schneider J, et al. Duration of significant patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2019;39:1648\u201355.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-020-0718-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-020-0718-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-020-0718-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:31:34Z","timestamp":1684618294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-020-0718-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-020-0718-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-8346","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"We have no conflict of interests. Neither of the authors has any potential conflict of interest, real or perceived; Neither of the authors has any financial agreement with any company whose product figures prominently in the manuscript. There are no \u201csponsors\u201d of this project. And there are no \u201csponsors\u201d who have had a role in (1) study design; (2) the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; (3) the writing of the report; and (4) the decision to submit the paper for publication. RIC wrote the first draft of the manuscript and no honorarium, grant, or other form of payment was given to anyone to produce the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}