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Median FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at iNO initiation was 1.0 (IQR 0.94-1.0). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was not associated with risk-adjusted 2\u2009h oxygenation response or improved survival. Mortality to NICU discharge was 37.4%. Median cost of iNO was $7,695\/patient. Discharged survivors experienced frequent rehospitalization (34.9%), use of supplemental oxygen, sildenafil, diuretics, bronchodilators, and steroids. Four infants had persistent PH. Five infants died after NICU discharge.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Preterm infants receiving iNO have high mortality and 1st year morbidity. As currently used, iNO may be an indicator of respiratory disease\u00a0severity rather than mediator of improved outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-024-02051-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T10:02:06Z","timestamp":1721296926000},"page":"506-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retrospective study of preterm infants exposed to inhaled nitric oxide in Kaiser Permanente Southern California: morbidity, mortality and follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dilip R.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9048-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman Angelo","family":"Dizon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxiao M.","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunjeeve","family":"Weerasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Sabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siva","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7358-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rangasamy","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6098-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyan","family":"Lakshminrusimha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2051_CR1","first-page":"CD000399","volume":"1","author":"KJ Barrington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barrington KJ, Finer N, Pennaforte T, Altit G. 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