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Echocardiograms were performed at 24\u201348\u2009h and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Early PH was defined as bidirectional or right-to-left shunt across the ductus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Early PH was identified in 20\/166 (12%) infants. These infants had higher mortality than controls (55% vs 11%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Initial echocardiogram revealed differences in twist(<jats:italic>\u00b0<\/jats:italic>) (5.1 vs 7.9; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), torsion(<jats:italic>\u00b0\/mm<\/jats:italic>) (0.29 vs 0.41; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), systolic time(ms) (146 vs 162; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and isovolumic relaxation time(ms) (58 vs 46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with several persistent abnormalities at 36 weeks PMA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Preterm infants with early PH have higher mortality and distinct echocardiographic profiles, with functional alterations persisting to 36 weeks PMA in survivors. Early identification and targeted management may improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-025-02295-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T03:17:31Z","timestamp":1744341451000},"page":"1395-1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics and outcomes of preterm infants with early pulmonary hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4126-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Mullaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0978-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se\u00e1n","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orla","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"McCallion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afif","family":"EL-Khuffash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2295_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2023.11.005","volume":"51","author":"S Mani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mani S, Mirza H, Ziegler J, Chandrasekharan P. 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