{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:12:27Z","timestamp":1787314347021,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Video laryngoscopy (VL) improves glottic visualization during neonatal intubation, but real-time guidance on blade insertion depth is lacking. We developed a deep learning model to classify insertion depth during VL as shallow, glottic zone, or deep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A deep learning model was trained on 298,955 annotated frames from 132 neonatal VL videos from two NICUs on one platform with fivefold cross-validation. 31 clinicians were surveyed regarding preferred device feedback modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model detected glottic zone and shallow insertion depths with F1 scores of 0.894 and 0.718, respectively. Deep insertion events were rare (2.7%) with low performance (F1\u2009=\u20090.034). Most clinicians preferred visual, minimal prompts over voice or haptic feedback.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI-enabled VL may support blade-insertion depth assessment and training. Given the rarity of deep events, conclusions about deep insertion and clinical impact are limited. Future multi-site studies should focus on clinical integration and assessing outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-025-02457-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:07:18Z","timestamp":1761556038000},"page":"43-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deep learning to assess laryngoscope insertion depth during neonatal intubation with video laryngoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5615-5613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abrar","family":"Majeedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-9456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"McAdams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2019.08.008","volume":"46","author":"RS Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park RS, Peyton JM, Kovatsis PG. 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The informed consent was waived. The study was performed in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison IRB (Minimal Risk Research, Approval 11\/16\/2023, Submission ID 2023-1337). All images depict internal airway anatomy without facial or other identifying features. Per IRB determination, written informed consent for publication of these non-identifiable images was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics\/Consent"}}]}}