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Daily MID and DEX exposure was quantified from NICU admission until discharge, death, or transfer. Multivariable mixed-effects models evaluated associations between medication exposure and weekly BSRI scores, adjusting for selected confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 40 infants (median NICU stay: 202 days), median exposures were 4.4 weeks for DEX and 2 weeks for MID, with peak doses surrounding tracheostomy. Medication exposure was not independently associated with BSRI scores. Higher respiratory severity scores correlated with increased medication doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurosedative medication dosing correlated with disease severity. These findings highlight the need to optimize dosing strategies and neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-026-02567-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T09:56:33Z","timestamp":1771840593000},"page":"612-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dexmedetomidine and midazolam usage and association with BSRI scores in preterm infants with chronic respiratory failure"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7658-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Mascari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Millen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Batish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Slattery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8761-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Lagoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-1270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Henner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karna","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2567_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3456","volume":"126","author":"A Stroustrup","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stroustrup A, Trasande L. 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