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Exposures were predicted using PK simulations and a prior ampicillin PK model. The probability of target attainment 24- and 36-h after the final ampicillin dose for various minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the duration of therapeutic PDAE was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 24- and 36-h after ampicillin, the probability of exposures \u22651\u2009\u03bcg\/mL was 95% and 60%, respectively. PDAE (\u22651 \u03bcg\/mL) lasted a median 33\u2009h (95% confidence interval: 15, 79), and varied with GA, from median 53\u2009h (&lt;28 weeks GA) to 27\u2009h (34\u201336 weeks GA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many preterm infants experience therapeutic exposures at least 24\u2009h after the final ampicillin dose. Shorter courses could be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-026-02600-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:34:24Z","timestamp":1773390864000},"page":"1051-1058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating the duration of post-discontinuation therapeutic ampicillin exposures in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9477-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelique E.","family":"Boutzoukas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Kilpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4052-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Laughon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel G.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Babilonia-Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Benjamin Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cohen-Wolkowiez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanecia O.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200593","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593","volume":"174","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Puopolo KM, Hansen NI, S\u00e1nchez PJ, Bell EF, Carlo WA, et al. 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