{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:55:18Z","timestamp":1791363318598,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Perinatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects up to 48% of extremely preterm neonates and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, AKI diagnosis remains challenging in this population due to limitations of traditional markers like serum creatinine (Cr) and urine output. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for early AKI detection, but its clinical utility is hindered by a lack of normative reference ranges in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize baseline uNGAL concentrations during the first postnatal week in preterm neonates without AKI and evaluate associations with gestational age (GA) at birth, birth weight (BW), and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cohort study of 100 neonates &lt;32 weeks\u2019 gestation without AKI, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, or urinary tract infection. uNGAL and uNGAL\/uCr ratios were measured and analyzed by GA, birth weight, and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline uNGAL concentrations vary significantly by gestational age at birth, birth weight, and sex in preterm neonates during the first postnatal week.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline uNGAL varies significantly with GA, BW, and sex in preterm neonates. These findings support the development of gestational age\u2013 and sex-specific normative reference ranges to improve the interpretation and diagnostic utility of uNGAL for neonatal AKI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-026-02848-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:43:36Z","timestamp":1791362616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration: a baseline study for establishing reference ranges in preterm neonates"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9289-9580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole F.","family":"Asdell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Slaughter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9164-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivam","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Bonachea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahagod","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30069-X","volume":"1","author":"JG Jetton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jetton JG, Boohaker LJ, Sethi SK, et al. Incidence and outcomes of neonatal acute kidney injury (AWAKEN): a multicentre, multinational, observational cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2017;1:184\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30069-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2848_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.842544","volume":"10","author":"C Coleman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coleman C, Tambay Perez A, Selewski DT, Steflik HJ. Neonatal acute kidney injury. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:842544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.842544.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2848_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04599-5","volume":"35","author":"DJ Askenazi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Askenazi DJ, Heagerty PJ, Schmicker RH, et al. Prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN). Pediatr Nephrol. 2020;35:1737\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04599-5.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2848_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15557","volume":"110","author":"G Filler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Filler G, et al. How should we assess renal function in neonates and infants? Acta Paediatr. 2021;110:773\u201380.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2848_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2417-4087","volume":"41","author":"D Mohamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed D, et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Perinatol. 2024;41:e1\u2013e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2417-4087.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"2848_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318181b4c1","volume":"64","author":"AP Lavery","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lavery AP, Meinzen-Derr J, Anderson E, et al. Urinary NGAL in premature infants. Pediatr Res. 2008;64:423\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318181b4c1.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2848_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b3b9e7","volume":"66","author":"N De Mul","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Mul N, et al. Reference values of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res. 2009;66:433\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b3b9e7.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02848-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02848-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02848-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:43:37Z","timestamp":1791362617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02848-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["2848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-026-02848-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-8346","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}