{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:19:06Z","timestamp":1793395146465,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-026-02868-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:31:38Z","timestamp":1786437098000},"page":"1665-1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neonatal refeeding syndrome and postnatal growth in extremely low birth weight infants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Eun","family":"Joung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Marchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01531-1","volume":"43","author":"DT Robinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robinson DT, Taylor SN, Moya F. Preterm infant nutrition: considerations for infants at risk of refeeding syndrome. J Perinatol. 2023;43:120\u20133.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2868_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.28","volume":"33","author":"JR Ross","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ross JR, Finch C, Ebeling M, Taylor SN. Refeeding syndrome in very-low-birth-weight intrauterine growth-restricted neonates. J Perinatol. 2013;33:717\u201320.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2868_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2015-0152","volume":"37","author":"CD Pulcini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pulcini CD, Zettle S, Srinath A. Refeeding syndrome. Pediatr Rev. 2016;37:516\u201323.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"2868_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2014.21","volume":"4","author":"OA Obeid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Obeid OA, Hachem DH, Ayoub JJ. Refeeding and metabolic syndromes: two sides of the same coin. Nutr Diab. 2014;4:e120.","journal-title":"Nutr Diab"},{"key":"2868_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602854","volume":"62","author":"Z Stanga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stanga Z, Brunner A, Leuenberger M, Grimble RF, Shenkin A, Allison SP, et al. Nutrition in clinical practice-the refeeding syndrome: illustrative cases and guidelines for prevention and treatment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62:687\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2868_CR6","first-page":"771","volume":"26","author":"CV Bradford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bradford CV, Cober MP, Miller JL. Refeeding syndrome in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr Pharm Ther. 2021;26:771\u201382.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2868_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.9734\/ajpr\/2020\/v3i230124","volume":"3","author":"V Chaudhary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaudhary V, Jayendra RG, Patel SA. Hypophosphatemia in refeeding syndrome in intrauterine growth restricted IUGR neonates who are receiving nutrition: a prospective observational study. Asian J Pediatr Res. 2020;3:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Asian J Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2868_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1934","volume":"45","author":"BE Cormack","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cormack BE, Jiang Y, Harding JE, Crowther CA, Bloomfield FH. Pro VTG. Neonatal refeeding syndrome and clinical outcome in extremely low-birth-weight babies: secondary cohort analysis from the ProVIDe Trial. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2021;45:65\u201378.","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"2868_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70006-8","volume":"1","author":"AC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee AC, Katz J, Blencowe H, Cousens S, Kozuki N, Vogel JP, et al. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1:e26\u2013e36.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2868_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","volume":"187","author":"MJ Bell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2868_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34975-6","volume":"33","author":"MC Walsh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walsh MC, Kliegman RM. Necrotizing enterocolitis: treatment based on staging criteria. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986;33:179\u2013201.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"2868_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"LA Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr. 1978;92:529\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2868_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.4.527","volume":"82","author":"AT Shennan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shennan AT, Dunn MS, Ohlsson A, Lennox K, Hoskins EM. Abnormal pulmonary outcomes in premature infants: prediction from oxygen requirement in the neonatal period. Pediatrics. 1988;82:527\u201332.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2868_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","volume":"13","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:59.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2868_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.55","volume":"29","author":"AL Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel AL, Engstrom JL, Meier PP, Jegier BJ, Kimura RE. Calculating postnatal growth velocity in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants. J Perinatol. 2009;29:618\u201322.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2868_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72880","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072880","volume":"8","author":"F Bonsante","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonsante F, Iacobelli S, Latorre G, Rigo J, De Felice C, Robillard PY, et al. Initial amino acid intake influences phosphorus and calcium homeostasis in preterm infants-it is time to change the composition of the early parenteral nutrition. PLoS One. 2013;8:e72880.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2868_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2021.06.004","volume":"33","author":"DU De Rose","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Rose DU, Cota F, Gallini F, Bottoni A, Fabrizio GC, Ricci D, et al. Extra-uterine growth restriction in preterm infants: Neurodevelopmental outcomes according to different definitions. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2021;33:135\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2868_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2024-327029","volume":"110","author":"N Ford","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ford N, Bloomfield FH, Jiang Y, Cormack BE. Early hypophosphataemia and refeeding syndrome in extremely low birthweight babies and outcomes to 2 years of age: secondary cohort analysis from the ProVIDe trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2025;110:157\u201364.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2868_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mouqdad MM, Alshaikh B, Sumaily HH, Almotiri AA, Alodhaidan NA, AlMahmoud L, et al. Impact of refeeding syndrome on the short-term clinical outcomes of very-premature infants. Nutrients 2024;16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16203445"},{"key":"2868_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yazici A, Guney Varal I, Tunc G, Bagci O, Oren A The relationship between refeeding syndrome and preterm morbidities in preterm infants. Children (Basel). 2025;12.","DOI":"10.3390\/children12101370"},{"key":"2868_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9748031","volume":"2017","author":"A Igarashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Igarashi A, Okuno T, Ohta G, Tokuriki S, Ohshima Y. Risk factors for the development of refeeding syndrome-like hypophosphatemia in very low birth weight infants. Dis Markers. 2017;2017:9748031.","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"2868_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsayigh S, Nimeri N, Almashhadani A, Mohamed AA, Haidar O, Hepsen MT, et al. Early neonatal hyperglycemia, risk factors, and adverse outcomes in extremely preterm infants: a propensity-matched cohort study. Children (Basel) 2026; 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202601.0177.v1"},{"key":"2868_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102104","volume":"48","author":"L Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yue L, Lu X, Dennery PA, Yao H. Metabolic dysregulation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Implications for identification of biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. Redox Biol. 2021;48:102104.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2868_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.09.004","volume":"32","author":"SJ Moltu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moltu SJ, Strommen K, Blakstad EW, Almaas AN, Westerberg AC, Braekke KS, et al. Enhanced feeding in very-low-birth-weight infants may cause electrolyte disturbances and septicemia-a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2013;32:207\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2868_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0221042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221042","volume":"14","author":"SI Sung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sung SI, Chang YS, Choi JH, Ho Y, Kim J, Ahn SY, et al. Increased risk of refeeding syndrome-like hypophosphatemia with high initial amino acid intake in small-for-gestational-age, extremely-low-birthweight infants. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0221042.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2868_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000854","volume":"61","author":"T Senterre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Senterre T, Abu Zahirah I, Pieltain C, de Halleux V, Rigo J. Electrolyte and mineral homeostasis after optimizing early macronutrient intakes in VLBW infants on parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;61:491\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02868-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02868-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02868-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:22:59Z","timestamp":1789741379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41372-026-02868-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-026-02868-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-8346","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this protocol. Informed consent was not required for this retrospective observational cohort study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}