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Novel antibody based treatment approaches (inotuzumab ozogamicin, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, flotetuzumab), isocitrate dehydrogenases inhibitors (ivosidenib, enasidenib, olutasidenib), FLT3 kinase inhibitors (gilteritinib, midostaurin, quizartinib), a hedgehog inhibitor (glasdegib) as well as a BCL2 inhibitor (venetoclax) were reviewed with respect to their mode of action, their immunosuppressive potential, their current approval and the infectious complications and febrile neutropenia reported from clinical studies. Evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management of infectious complications and specific alerts regarding the potential for drug-drug interactions were developed and discussed in a plenary session with the panel of experts until consensus was reached. The set of recommendations was posted on the ECIL website for a month for comments from members of EBMT, EORTC, ICHS and ELN before final approval by the panelists. While a majority of these agents are not associated with a significantly increased risk when used as monotherapy, caution is required with combination therapy such as venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents, gemtuzumab ozogamicin plus cytotoxic drugs or midostaurin added to conventional AML chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01556-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T13:02:24Z","timestamp":1648904544000},"page":"1215-1226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Infectious complications of targeted drugs and biotherapies in acute leukemia. Clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL), a joint venture of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the International Immunocompromised Host Society (ICHS) and the European Leukemia Net (ELN)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Maschmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bullinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Garcia-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9381-4876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raoul","family":"Herbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4257-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Maertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierantonio","family":"Menna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livio","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Thiebaut-Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Calandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1556_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12037","volume":"18","author":"AJ Ullmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ullmann AJ, Cornely OA, Donnelly JP, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al. 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LB received honoraria from Seattle Genetics, Sanofi, Astellas, Amgen, consultancy fee from Gilead, Hexal, and Menarini, consultancy fee and honoraria from Abbvie, BMS\/Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and Pfizer, and research funding from Bayer and Jazz Pharmaceuticals. CG-V received honoraria for lectures from Gilead Sciences, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, Lilly, GSK, Menarini and grants from Gilead Science, Pfizer and MSD. RH received a research grant from Gilead and honoraria for lectures from Pfizer and Gilead. JM received research grants from Gilead Sciences, MSD and Pfizer, is or has been a consultant to Amplyx, Astellas, Basilea, F2G Ltd, Cidara, Scynexis, Gilead Sciences, MSD and Pfizer, and served at the speakers\u2019 bureau of Astellas, Basilea, Gilead Sciences, MSD, Pfizer, Cidara and F2G Ltd. MP has received honoraria and grant for talks and projects on behalf of Pfizer. LP was board member of Gilead Sciences, MSD, Pfizer, Basilea, Janssen, Novartis, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Cidara and has been speaker for Gilead Sciences, MSD, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, Novartis, Jazz Pharmaceutical and served as consultant for Menarini and Cidara. ATB received consultancy fees and honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Pfizer, MSD and Takeda. TC reported advisory board membership from Cytosorbent, ThermoFisher, GE Healthcare and Gentian and data monitoring board membership from Cidara and Lymphatica (with fees paid to his institution). All indicated contacts are outside the submitted work. No financial support was provided for the submitted work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}