{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:14:57Z","timestamp":1771485297643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Leukemia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of consolidative radiotherapy (RT) for patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma has not been fully elucidated. The R-MegaCHOEP trial investigated the use of high-dose chemotherapy and rituximab with subsequent autologous stem cell transplantations compared to conventional immunochemotherapy (R-CHOEP) for high-risk patients up to 60 years. The study protocol included RT for patients with bulky (maximum diameter \u22657.5\u2009cm) or extranodal disease. Two-hundred sixty-one patients were analyzed, 120 of whom underwent RT. The most frequently irradiated regions were mediastinum (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950) and paraaortic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927). Median RT dose was 36 Gray in median fractions of 1.8 Gray. Acute toxicities were mostly mild to moderate, with only 24 and 8 grade 3 and 4 toxicities reported during RT. Patients with bulky disease who received RT showed significantly better 10-year EFS, PFS and OS (EFS: 64% vs. 35%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; PFS 68% vs. 47%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003; OS: 72% vs. 59%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011). There was no significant increase in secondary malignancies with the use of RT. RT administered for consolidation of bulky disease after immunochemotherapy improved the prognosis of young high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma and should be considered part of first-line therapy. The <jats:italic>trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00129090<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02231-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1711555327000},"page":"1099-1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Radiotherapy in younger patients with advanced aggressive B-cell lymphoma\u2014long-term results from the phase 3 R-MegaCHOEP trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2786-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Oertel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marita","family":"Ziepert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1705-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Frontzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Nacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Nickelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2583-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertram","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Poeschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ruebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4728-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4938-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Theodor","family":"Eich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2231_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60313-X","volume":"381","author":"D Cunningham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cunningham D, Hawkes EA, Jack A, Qian W, Smith P, Mouncey P, et al. Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 3 comparison of dose intensification with 14-day versus 21-day cycles. Lancet. 2013;381:1817\u201326.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2231_CR2","first-page":"5","volume":"9","author":"KC Thandra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thandra KC, Barsouk A, Saginala K, Padala SA, Barsouk A, Rawla P. Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. Med Sci. 2021;9:5.","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"2231_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","volume":"36","author":"R Alaggio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, Attygalle AD, Araujo IB, de O, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: lymphoid neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36:1720\u201348.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2231_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011795","volume":"346","author":"B Coiffier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, Herbrecht R, Tilly H, Bouabdallah R, et al. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:235\u201342.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2231_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2613","volume":"37","author":"P Mondello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mondello P, Mian M. Frontline treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: beyond R-CHOP. Hematol Oncol. 2019;37:333\u201344.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2027612","volume":"384","author":"LH Sehn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sehn LH, Salles G. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:842\u201358.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2231_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115304","volume":"386","author":"H Tilly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tilly H, Morschhauser F, Sehn LH, Friedberg JW, Trn\u011bn\u00fd M, Sharman JP, et al. Polatuzumab vedotin in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:351\u201363.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2231_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70481-3","volume":"13","author":"N Schmitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmitz N, Nickelsen M, Ziepert M, Haenel M, Borchmann P, Schmidt C, et al. Conventional chemotherapy (CHOEP-14) with rituximab or high-dose chemotherapy (MegaCHOEP) with rituximab for young, high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial (DSHNHL 2002-1). Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:1250\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00022-3","volume":"8","author":"F Frontzek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frontzek F, Ziepert M, Nickelsen M, Altmann B, Glass B, Haenel M, et al. Rituximab plus high-dose chemotherapy (MegaCHOEP) or conventional chemotherapy (CHOEP-14) in young, high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: 10-year follow-up of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8:e267\u2013e277.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"2231_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e904","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000904","volume":"7","author":"L Thurner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thurner L, Ziepert M, Berdel C, Schmidt C, Borchmann P, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, et al. Radiation and dose-densification of R-CHOP in aggressive B-cell lymphoma with intermediate prognosis: the UNFOLDER study. Hemasphere. 2023;7:e904.","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"key":"2231_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-793984","volume":"131","author":"T Lamy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamy T, Damaj G, Soubeyran P, Gyan E, Cartron G, Bouabdallah K, et al. R-CHOP 14 with or without radiotherapy in nonbulky limited-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2018;131:174\u201381.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2231_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70664-7","volume":"7","author":"M Pfreundschuh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pfreundschuh M, Tr\u00fcmper L, Osterborg A, Pettengell R, Trneny M, Imrie K, et al. CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab versus CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma: a randomised controlled trial by the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:379\u201391.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00999","volume":"38","author":"DO Persky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Persky DO, Li H, Stephens DM, Park SI, Bartlett NL, Swinnen LJ, et al. Positron emission tomography\u2013directed therapy for patients with limited-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of intergroup national clinical trials network study S1001. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:3003\u201311.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70002-0","volume":"9","author":"M Pfreundschuh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pfreundschuh M, Schubert J, Ziepert M, Schmits R, Mohren M, Lengfelder E, et al. Six versus eight cycles of bi-weekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: a randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60). Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:105\u201316.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7506","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.7506","volume":"35","author":"M Pfreundschuh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pfreundschuh M, Christofyllakis K, Altmann B, Ziepert M, Haenel M, Viardot A, et al. Radiotherapy to bulky disease PET-negative after immunochemotherapy in elderly DLBCL patients: Results of a planned interim analysis of the first 187 patients with bulky disease treated in the OPTIMAL>60 study of the DSHNHL. JCO. 2017;35:7506.","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"2231_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.4505","volume":"32","author":"G Held","year":"2014","unstructured":"Held G, Murawski N, Ziepert M, Fleckenstein J, P\u00f6schel V, Zwick C, et al. Role of radiotherapy to bulky disease in elderly patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:1112\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.48.0467","volume":"31","author":"G Held","year":"2013","unstructured":"Held G, Zeynalova S, Murawski N, Ziepert M, Kempf B, Viardot A, et al. Impact of rituximab and radiotherapy on outcome of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma and skeletal involvement. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:4115\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.4.1244","volume":"17","author":"BD Cheson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cheson BD, Horning SJ, Coiffier B, Shipp MA, Fisher RI, Connors JM, et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:1244.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70078-0","volume":"9","author":"M Pfreundschuh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pfreundschuh M, Ho AD, Cavallin-Stahl E, Wolf M, Pettengell R, Vasova I, et al. Prognostic significance of maximum tumour (bulk) diameter in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with or without rituximab: an exploratory analysis of the MabThera International Trial Group (MInT) study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:435\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30444-8","volume":"18","author":"A Chiappella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiappella A, Martelli M, Angelucci E, Brusamolino E, Evangelista A, Carella AM, et al. Rituximab-dose-dense chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous stem-cell transplantation in high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL04): final results of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1076\u201388.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301077","volume":"369","author":"PJ Stiff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stiff PJ, Unger JM, Cook JR, Constine LS, Couban S, Stewart DA, et al. Autologous transplantation as consolidation for aggressive non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. N. Engl J Med. 2013;369:1681\u201390.","journal-title":"N. Engl J Med"},{"key":"2231_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.2980","volume":"34","author":"S Cortelazzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cortelazzo S, Tarella C, Gianni AM, Ladetto M, Barbui AM, Rossi A, et al. Randomized trial comparing R-CHOP versus high-dose sequential chemotherapy in high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:4015\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61040-4","volume":"378","author":"C R\u00e9cher","year":"2011","unstructured":"R\u00e9cher C, Coiffier B, Haioun C, Molina TJ, Ferm\u00e9 C, Casasnovas O, et al. Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1858\u201367.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2231_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01994","volume":"37","author":"NL Bartlett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartlett NL, Wilson WH, Jung S-H, Hsi ED, Maurer MJ, Pederson LD, et al. Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R compared with R-CHOP as frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: clinical outcomes of the phase III intergroup trial alliance\/CALGB 50303. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:1790\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005846","volume":"137","author":"CL Freeman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freeman CL, Savage KJ, Villa DR, Scott DW, Srour L, Gerrie AS, et al. Long-term results of PET-guided radiation in patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. Blood. 2021;137:929\u201338.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2231_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.05.013","volume":"100","author":"L Lowry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lowry L, Smith P, Qian W, Falk S, Benstead K, Illidge T, et al. Reduced dose radiotherapy for local control in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomised phase III trial. Radiother Oncol. 2011;100:86\u201392.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2231_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.02.055","volume":"105","author":"CR Kelsey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kelsey CR, Broadwater G, James O, Chino J, Diehl L, Beaven AW, et al. Phase 2 study of dose-reduced consolidation radiation therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol*Biol*Phys. 2019;105:96\u2013101.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol*Biol*Phys"},{"key":"2231_CR28","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) - B Cell Lymphomas Version 5.2022. 2022"},{"key":"2231_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.01.006","volume":"89","author":"T Illidge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Illidge T, Specht L, Yahalom J, Aleman B, Berthelsen AK, Constine L, et al. Modern radiation therapy for nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma-target definition and dose guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;89:49\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2231_CR30","unstructured":"Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF): Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge f\u00fcr erwachsene Patient*innen mit einem diffusen gro\u00dfzelligen B-Zell-Lymphom und verwandten Entit\u00e4ten, Langversion 1.0, 2022, AWMF-Registernummer: 018\/038OL https:\/\/www.leitlinienprogramm - onkologie.de\/leitlinien\/dlbcl\/; Zugriff am 02.11.2022."},{"key":"2231_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e737","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000737","volume":"94","author":"L-M Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun L-M, Lin C-L, Lin M-C, Liang J-A, Kao C-H. Radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-induced myelodysplasia syndrome: a nationwide population-based nested case\u2013control study. Medicine. 2015;94:e737.","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Leukemia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-024-02231-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-024-02231-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-024-02231-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T10:09:21Z","timestamp":1714990161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-024-02231-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-024-02231-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6924","1476-5551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6924","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No compensations or grants were directly related to the submitted analysis. BG received compensation to his institution for consultancy and membership by Kite, BMS, Novartis, Roche, Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer and Miltenyi and research grants from Roche. VP received compensation in favor of the German lymphoma alliance by BMS, EUSA Pharma, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, BeiGene Germany GmbH, Gilead Sciences GmbH Research and also research funding by BMS, Roche, Talon Therapeutics, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Acrotech Biopharma, Abbvie, Chugai, Deutsche Krebshilfe. GL has participated in a consulting or advisory role for Abbvie, ADC Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Constellation, Gilead, Genase, Genmab, Hexal\/Sandoz, Immagene, Incyte, Janssen, Karyopharm, Lilly, Miltenyi, Morphosys, NanoString, Novartis, PentixaPharm, Roche, Sobi and Takeda, has been on a speaker\u2019s bureau for Bayer, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen and Roche, has received research funding from AQUINOX, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen and Roche. HTE has received research funding by the German Cancer Aid.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}