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SKA reports consulting for Foresight Diagnostics. ES received honoraria from SERB Pharmaceuticals. NN serves on advisory board for Servier and is consultant for B. Braun. PCR received honoraria from Arcana and serves as consultant for Boston Scientific, Inomed, and Brainlab. All other authors did not report any conflicts of interest related to this work. This work was supported by the Advanced Clinician Scientist Program of the Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Innere Medizin (DGIM, to FS), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, to FS), the Mertelsmann Foundation (to FS), the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Konsortium f\u00fcr Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK, to FS), the Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung (to FS and PCR), and Fraunhofer Society Germany (to PCR). SW is supported by the Jos\u00e9 Carreras-DGHO fellowship. JCK and NN are supported by the Berta-Ottenstein Programm F\u00f6rderlinie Clinician Scientist of the University Medical Center Freiburg.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All analyses in this manuscript have been performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants provided informed consent for sample collection and data analysis. Samples from the development and validation cohorts were collected from patients participating in research studies conducted at the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany (DRKS15307), and University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (Nr. 22-0008) that were approved by the ethics committees in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The observational study was a retrospective analysis conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany (DRKS00034686).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}