{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T18:34:33Z","timestamp":1769366073900,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM118009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM118009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Leukemia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02722-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T06:23:34Z","timestamp":1753683814000},"page":"2340-2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["On the mechanism of NPM1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3700-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Lin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","volume":"140","author":"DA Arber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian RP, Borowitz MJ, Calvo KR, Kvasnicka H-M, et al. International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood. 2022;140:1200\u201328.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2722_CR2","unstructured":"Arber DA, Borowitz MJ, Cook JR. The International Consensus Classification of Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms. 2025."},{"key":"2722_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","volume":"36","author":"R Alaggio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, Attygalle AD, Araujo IBO, Berti E, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36:1720\u201348.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2722_CR4","unstructured":"Jaffe ES, Arber DA, Campo E, Quintanilla-Fend L, Orazi A, Rimsza LM, et al. Hematopathology. Elsevier; 2024."},{"key":"2722_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001240","volume":"134","author":"J Borrow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borrow J, Dyer SA, Akiki S, Griffiths MJ. Molecular roulette: nucleophosmin mutations in AML are orchestrated through N-nucleotide addition by TdT. Blood. 2019;134:2291\u2013303.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2722_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.3.427","volume":"21","author":"M Delarue","year":"2002","unstructured":"Delarue M, Boule JB, Lescar J, Expert-Bezancon N, Jourdan N, Sukumar N, et al. Crystal structures of a template-independent DNA polymerase: murine terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. EMBO J. 2002;21:427\u201339.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2722_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001238","volume":"134","author":"J Borrow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borrow J, Dyer SA, Akiki S, Griffiths MJ. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase promotes acute myeloid leukemia by priming FLT3-ITD replication slippage. Blood. 2019;134:2281\u201390.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2722_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.052308.093131","volume":"79","author":"MR Lieber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lieber MR. The mechanism of double-strand DNA break repair by the nonhomologous DNA end-joining pathway. Annu Rev Biochem. 2010;79:181\u2013211.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2722_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22215","volume":"59","author":"N Saini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saini N, Gordenin DA. Somatic mutation load and spectra: A record of DNA damage and repair in healthy human cells. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2018;59:672\u201386.","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"2722_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.050","volume":"14","author":"MT Liddament","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liddament MT, Brown WL, Schumacher AJ, Harris RS. APOBEC3F properties and hypermutation preferences indicate activity against HIV-1 in vivo. Curr Biol. 2004;14:1385\u201391.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2722_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz1164","volume":"48","author":"YZ McDaniel","year":"2020","unstructured":"McDaniel YZ, Wang D, Love RP, Adolph MB, Mohammadzadeh N, Chelico L, et al. Deamination hotspots among APOBEC3 family members are defined by both target site sequence context and ssDNA secondary structure. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48:1353\u201371.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2722_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.003","volume":"170","author":"F Supek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Supek F, Lehner B. Clustered mutation signatures reveal that error-prone DNA repair targets mutations to active genes. Cell. 2017;170:534\u201347.e23.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2722_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3642","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.6.3642","volume":"274","author":"WP Osheroff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Osheroff WP, Jung HK, Beard WA, Wilson SH, Kunkel TA. The fidelity of DNA polymerase beta during distributive and processive DNA synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:3642\u201350.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2722_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00027-8","volume":"3","author":"TA Kunkel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kunkel TA. Considering the cancer consequences of altered DNA polymerase function. Cancer Cell. 2003;3:105\u201310.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2722_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2010.09.005","volume":"10","author":"JA Brown","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brown JA, Pack LR, Sanman LE, Suo Z. Efficiency and fidelity of human DNA polymerases \u03bb and \u03b2 during gap-filling DNA synthesis. DNA Repair (Amst). 2011;10:24\u201333.","journal-title":"DNA Repair (Amst)"},{"key":"2722_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5804","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185804","volume":"27","author":"C Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma C, Liu P, Cui S, Gao C, Tan X, Liu Z, et al. The Identification of APOBEC3G as a potential prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia and a possible drug target for Crotonoside. Molecules. 2022;27:5804.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2722_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9474","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01089-09","volume":"83","author":"FA Koning","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koning FA, Newman ENC, Kim E-Y, Kunstman KJ, Wolinsky SM, Malim MH. Defining APOBEC3 expression patterns in human tissues and hematopoietic cell subsets. J Virol. 2009;83:9474\u201385.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2722_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003619","volume":"134","author":"GS Vassiliou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vassiliou GS. The curious incident of TdT-mediated mutations in AML. Blood. 2019;134:2229\u201331.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2722_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2024.02.003","volume":"49","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu D, Hsieh CL, Lieber MR. The RNA tether model for human chromosomal translocation fragile zones. Trends Biochem Sci. 2024;49:391\u2013400.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"2722_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52671-1","volume":"15","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Pacheco J, Kim K, Bokani A, Ito F, Ebrahimi D, et al. Molecular mechanism for regulating APOBEC3G DNA editing function by the non-catalytic domain. Nat Commun. 2024;15:8773.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2722_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2021.103271","volume":"110","author":"D Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu D, Goodman MF, Pham P, Yu K, Hsieh CL, Lieber MR. The mRNA tether model for activation-induced deaminase and its relevance for Ig somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. DNA Repair. 2022;110:103271.","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"2722_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10409238.2021.2004576","volume":"57","author":"D Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu D, Lieber MR. The mechanisms of human lymphoid chromosomal translocations and their medical relevance. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2022;57:227\u201343.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2722_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.8540","volume":"29","author":"SY Kristinsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kristinsson SY, Bj\u00f6rkholm M, Hultcrantz M, Derolf AR, Landgren O, Goldin LR. Chronic immune stimulation might act as a trigger for the development of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2897\u2013903.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Leukemia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-025-02722-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-025-02722-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-025-02722-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:12:41Z","timestamp":1758787961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41375-025-02722-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-025-02722-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6924","1476-5551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6924","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}