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Among 117 patients with both conditions, PCDs were predominantly associated with IgM M-protein, while LGLL patients had increased NK-cell proliferation and fewer mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>STAT3\/5B<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The co-occurrence was linked to a higher incidence of autoimmune conditions, B-cell neoplasms, and more severe immune-mediated cytopenias. In symptomatic PCD\/LGLL patients with low plasma-cell infiltration, B-cell-targeted therapies outperformed immunosuppression, suggesting humoral involvement. Correlation with biological parameters revealed elevated interleukin-6 and inhibitory effects of sera of symptomatic PCD\/LGLL patients on hematopoietic cells. Our findings suggest an association between PCD and LGLL, characterized by distinct features that may have significant implications for clinical management. These results highlight the importance of considering hematologic co-occurrences in clinical practice and warrant further investigation into the molecular mechanisms linking these conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-026-03071-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:56:54Z","timestamp":1785909414000},"page":"2406-2415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multilineage lymphoid clonal hematopoiesis: a cross-sectional, correlative analysis of plasma cell dyscrasias and large granular lymphocytic leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bravo-Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Gurnari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arda","family":"Durmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7708-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2517-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Braunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Marumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arooj","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Orland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aashray","family":"Mandala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8293-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Guarnera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"D\u2019Addona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhan","family":"Unlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Lakhotiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveena","family":"Thiagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8127-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heesun J.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Brammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2993-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Visconte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6837-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslaw P.","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e549","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00086-8","volume":"10","author":"G Semenzato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Semenzato G, Ghobrial IM, Ghia P. 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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Cleveland Clinic. Patient enrollment into the clinical registry was conducted under IRB protocol 15-1278, and specimen collection was conducted under IRB protocol 5024. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}