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The epidemiology and outcomes of these rare neoplasms warrant an update considering new diagnostic tools and advances in treatment options. NCI\u2019s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-17 registries were interrogated to analyze adult patients diagnosed with MPN [ICD-O-3 codes: polycythemia vera (PV) 9950\/3, essential thrombocythemia (ET) 9962\/3, primary myelofibrosis (PMF) 9961\/3 and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 9875\/3] during the years 2000 to 2021. Data of 63,242 (ET,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924,172; PV,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200923,456; PMF,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096131; CML,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099483) patients were analyzed. The overall incidence rate (IR) for ET, PV, PMF and CML was 1.8, 1.7, 0.5 and 0.7 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The incidence of ET, PV, and MF increased with age, and the majority of cases were seen after the age of 50. 5-year Relative Survival (RS) for PMF was 50.9% in 2009, to 57.4% in 2013 and 60.6% in 2016. The median overall survival (OS) was 152 months for ET, 150 months for PV, 48 months for PMF, and 202 months for CML. Advancing age was associated with adverse survival across MPN subtypes. Survival of patients with PMF continues to improve over recent years. Important racial and gender variations exist, which were noted in our study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-026-03124-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T07:45:51Z","timestamp":1788162351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms in the United States: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database analysis, years 2000\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachi","family":"Singhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankalp","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8835-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"Sharafeldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9779-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pankit","family":"Vachhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","volume":"36","author":"JD Khoury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, Akkari Y, Alaggio R, Apperley J, et al. 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