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Despite such an exciting opportunity, existing technologies compromise either the spectral resolution or refresh rate, leaving few-GHz DCS with robust design largely unmet for frontier applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel GHz DCS by exploring the multimode interference-mediated spectral filtering effect in an all-fiber ultrashort cavity configuration. The GHz single-cavity all-fiber dual-comb source is seeded by a dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser operating at fundamental repetition rates of about 1.0\u2009GHz differing by 148\u2009kHz, which has an excellent stability in the free-running state that the Allan deviation is only 101.7\u2009mHz for an average time of 1\u2009s. Thanks to the large repetition rate difference between the asynchronous dichromatic pulse trains, the GHz DCS enables a refresh time as short as 6.75\u2009\u03bcs, making it promising for studying nonrepeatable transient phenomena in real time. To this end, the practicality of the present GHz DCS is validated by successfully capturing the \u2018shock waves\u2019 of balloon and firecracker explosions outdoors. This GHz single-cavity all-fiber dual-comb system promises a noteworthy improvement in acquisition speed and reliability without sacrificing measurement accuracy, anticipated as a practical tool for high-speed applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-01811-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T22:29:17Z","timestamp":1742768957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Practical GHz single-cavity all-fiber dual-comb laser for high-speed spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1185-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiyi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7572-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4439-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuankai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1811_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay3676","volume":"369","author":"SA Diddams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diddams, S. 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