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However, the rapid nonradiative decay and dephasing of excitons at room temperature limit current active excitonic metasurfaces to a few-percent efficiencies. Here, we leverage the combined merits of pristine 2D heterostructures and non-local dielectric metasurfaces to enhance the excitonic light-matter interaction, achieving strong and electrically tunable exciton-photon coupling at ambient conditions in a hybrid-2D excitonic metasurface. Using this, we realize a free-space optical modulator and experimentally demonstrate 9.9\u2009dB of reflectance modulation. The electro-optic response, characterized by a continuous transition from strong to weak coupling, is mediated by gating-induced variations in the free carrier concentration, altering the exciton\u2019s nonradiative decay rate. These results highlight how hybrid-2D excitonic metasurfaces offer novel opportunities to realize nanophotonic devices for active wavefront manipulation and optical communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-02079-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T02:10:31Z","timestamp":1767319831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electrically tunable strong coupling in a hybrid-2D excitonic metasurface for optical modulation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3033-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorik","family":"van de Groep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12385","volume":"499","author":"AK Geim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geim, A. 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