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However, current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10\u201315\u2009min to extract 3\u20135\u2009mg of ISF. This study introduces two spiral-shaped swellable MN arrays: one made of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the other incorporating a combination of PVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for fast ISF extraction. These MN arrays demonstrated a rapid swelling ratio of 560\u2009\u00b1\u200979.6% and 370\u2009\u00b1\u200934.1% in artificial ISF within 10\u2009min, respectively. Additionally, this study proposes a novel method that combines MNs with a custom-designed Arduino-based applicator vibrating at frequency ranges (50\u2013100\u2009Hz) to improve skin penetration efficiency, thereby enhancing the uptake of ISF in ex vivo. This dynamic combination enables GelMA\/PVA MNs to rapidly uptake 6.41\u2009\u00b1\u20091.01\u2009mg of ISF in just 5\u2009min, while PVA\/PVP\/HA MNs extract 5.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.77\u2009mg of ISF within the same timeframe. To validate the capability of the MNs to recover glucose as the target biomarker, a mild heating procedure is used, followed by determining glucose concentration using a\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -glucose content assay kit. The efficient extraction of ISF and glucose detection capabilities of the spiral MNs suggest their potential for rapid and minimally invasive biomarker sensing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00850-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T22:24:06Z","timestamp":1736288646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Micro-vibration assisted dual-layer spiral microneedles to rapidly extract dermal interstitial fluid for minimally invasive detection of glucose"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8207-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled Mohammed","family":"Saifullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pouria","family":"Azarikhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2313-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip D.","family":"Prewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Faraji Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"850_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106094","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA22028A","volume":"5","author":"BH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, B. 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