{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:26:40Z","timestamp":1789165600651,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Awards"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsyst Nanoeng"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-00916-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T02:57:04Z","timestamp":1744858624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extracellular vesicle-based point-of-care testing for diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4916-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yantao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangle","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8435-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihua","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0416-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1436-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke P.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9103-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","volume":"397","author":"P Scheltens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheltens, P. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet 397, 1577\u20131590 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"916_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00391-w","volume":"21","author":"E Karran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karran, E. & De Strooper, B. The amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer disease: new insights from new therapeutics. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 21, 306\u2013318 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"916_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02013-1","volume":"57","author":"A Aharon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aharon, A. et al. Extracellular vesicles of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients as a biomarker for disease progression. Mol. Neurobiol. 57, 4156\u20134169 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"916_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4200","volume":"78","author":"EH Thijssen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thijssen, E. H. & Rabinovici, G. D. Rapid progress toward reliable blood tests for Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 78, 143\u2013145 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"916_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09030-2","volume":"10","author":"CZJ Lim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lim, C. Z. J. et al. Subtyping of circulating exosome-bound amyloid beta reflects brain plaque deposition. Nat. Commun. 10, 1144 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"916_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00278","volume":"11","author":"M Mustapic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mustapic, M. et al. Plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin: a potential window into brain pathologic processes. Front. Neurosci. 11, 278 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"916_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00460-3","volume":"23","author":"G van Niel","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Niel, G. et al. Challenges and directions in studying cell-cell communication by extracellular vesicles. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 369\u2013382 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"916_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101497","volume":"73","author":"L Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su, L. et al. Identification of altered exosomal microRNAs and mRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res. Rev. 73, 101497 (2022).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"916_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101321","volume":"68","author":"T Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, T. et al. The emerging role of exosomes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res. Rev. 68, 101321 (2021).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"916_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00079","volume":"13","author":"Z Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song, Z. et al. Brain derived exosomes are a double-edged sword in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 13, 79 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"916_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.08.012","volume":"13","author":"ED Hamlett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamlett, E. D. et al. Neuronal exosomes reveal Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement. 13, 541\u2013549 (2017).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"916_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin, B. et al. Microfluidic\u2010based exosome analysis for liquid biopsy. Small Methods 5 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smtd.202001131 (2021).","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202001131"},{"key":"916_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0356-9","volume":"3","author":"P Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. Ultrasensitive detection of circulating exosomes with a 3D-nanopatterned microfluidic chip. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 3, 438\u2013451 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"916_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2886","volume":"32","author":"H Im","year":"2014","unstructured":"Im, H. et al. Label-free detection and molecular profiling of exosomes with a nano-plasmonic sensor. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 490\u2013495 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"916_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01034-x","volume":"18","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Exosome detection via the ultrafast-isolation system: EXODUS. Nat. Methods 18, 212\u2013218 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"916_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0343-6","volume":"3","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. Low-cost thermophoretic profiling of extracellular-vesicle surface proteins for the early detection and classification of cancers. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 3, 183\u2013193 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"916_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00549","volume":"11","author":"SD Ibsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ibsen, S. D. et al. Rapid isolation and detection of exosomes and associated biomarkers from plasma. ACS Nano 11, 6641\u20136651 (2017).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"916_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Enhanced detection in droplet microfluidics by acoustic vortex modulation of particle rings and particle clusters via asymmetric propagation of surface acoustic waves. Biosensors (Basel) 12 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios12060399 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12060399"},{"key":"916_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg8387","volume":"7","author":"H Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. Ultrafast, sensitive, and portable detection of COVID-19 IgG using flexible organic electrochemical transistors. Sci. Adv. 7, eabg8387 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"916_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00734-9","volume":"5","author":"K Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, K. et al. Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 5, 666\u2013677 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"916_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3133","volume":"4","author":"D Khodagholy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khodagholy, D. et al. High transconductance organic electrochemical transistors. Nat. Commun. 4, 2133 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"916_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6907","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC02462F","volume":"54","author":"T Minamiki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minamiki, T., Hashima, Y., Sasaki, Y. & Minami, T. An electrolyte-gated polythiophene transistor for the detection of biogenic amines in water. Chem. Commun. 54, 6907\u20136910 (2018).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"916_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113101","volume":"180","author":"F Hempel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hempel, F. et al. PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors for electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing down to single cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 180, 113101 (2021).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"916_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strakosas, X., Bongo, M. & Owens, R. M. The organic electrochemical transistor for biological applications. J Appl Polym Sci 132 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.41735 (2015).","DOI":"10.1002\/app.41735"},{"key":"916_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b07584","volume":"10","author":"S Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong, S. et al. Integrated Magneto-Electrochemical Sensor for Exosome Analysis. ACS Nano 10, 1802\u20131809 (2016).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"916_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11041","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b05083","volume":"11","author":"J Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park, J. et al. Integrated Kidney Exosome Analysis for the Detection of Kidney Transplant Rejection. ACS Nano 11, 11041\u201311046 (2017).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"916_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marks, A., Griggs, S., Gasparini, N. & Moser, M. Organic Electrochemical Transistors: An Emerging Technology for Biosensing. Adv Mater Interfaces 9 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/admi.202102039 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202102039"},{"key":"916_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201000946","volume":"7","author":"LY Yeo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yeo, L. Y., Chang, H.-C., Chan, P. P. Y. & Friend, J. R. Microfluidic Devices for Bioapplications. Small 7, 12\u201348 (2011).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"916_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn8440","volume":"8","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Self-adaptive virtual microchannel for continuous enrichment and separation of nanoparticles. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn8440 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"916_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC01012J","volume":"21","author":"N Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, N. et al. Microliter ultrafast centrifuge platform for size-based particle and cell separation and extraction using novel omnidirectional spiral surface acoustic waves. Lab Chip 21, 904\u2013915 (2021).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"916_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.184504","volume":"125","author":"W Connacher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Connacher, W., Orosco, J. & Friend, J. Droplet Ejection at Controlled Angles via Acoustofluidic Jetting. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 184504 (2020).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"916_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adm8597","volume":"10","author":"TD Naquin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naquin, T. D. et al. Acoustic separation and concentration of exosomes for nucleotide detection: ASCENDx. Sci. Adv. 10, eadm8597 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"916_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc0467","volume":"7","author":"Y Gu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gu, Y. et al. Acoustofluidic centrifuge for nanoparticle enrichment and separation. Sci. Adv. 7, eabc0467 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"916_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524813113","volume":"113","author":"F Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo, F. et al. Three-dimensional manipulation of single cells using surface acoustic waves. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. Usa. 113, 1522\u20131527 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. Usa."},{"key":"916_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422068112","volume":"112","author":"F Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo, F. et al. Controlling cell-cell interactions using surface acoustic waves. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. Usa. 112, 43\u201348 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. Usa."},{"key":"916_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1021\/nn506538f","volume":"9","author":"K Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, K., Shao, H., Weissleder, R. & Lee, H. Acoustic purification of extracellular microvesicles. ACS Nano 9, 2321\u20132327 (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"916_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00298","volume":"2","author":"S Pan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pan, S. et al. Biofouling removal and protein detection using a hypersonic resonator. ACS Sens 2, 1175\u20131183 (2017).","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"916_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.713726","volume":"13","author":"AL Oblak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oblak, A. L. et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the 5XFAD mouse model for preclinical testing applications: a MODEL-AD study. Front Aging Neurosci. 13, 713726 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"916_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-01054-y","volume":"8","author":"S Forner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Forner, S. et al. Systematic phenotyping and characterization of the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci. Data 8, 270 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"916_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106295","volume":"187","author":"D Medina-Vera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Medina-Vera, D. et al. Transcending the amyloid-beta dominance paradigm in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An exploration of behavioural, metabolic, and gut microbiota phenotypes in 5xFAD mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 187, 106295 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"916_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf15d","volume":"63","author":"N Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Accelerating quantitative susceptibility imaging acquisition using compressed sensing. Phys. Med Biol. 63, 245002 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Med Biol."},{"key":"916_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01877-x","volume":"224","author":"N Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of mouse brain microstructure. Brain Struct. Funct. 224, 1797\u20131813 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"916_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.012","volume":"35","author":"MB Dinkins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dinkins, M. B., Dasgupta, S., Wang, G. H., Zhu, G. & Bieberich, E. Exosome reduction in vivo is associated with lower amyloid plaque load in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 35, 1792\u20131800 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"916_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1868-1","volume":"136","author":"M Sardar Sinha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sardar Sinha, M. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid-beta oligomers. Acta Neuropathol. 136, 41\u201356 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"916_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.04.020","volume":"29","author":"J Ruan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruan, J., Miao, X., Schluter, D., Lin, L. & Wang, X. Extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Mol. Ther. 29, 1946\u20131957 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"916_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rufo, J., Cai, F. Y., Friend, J., Wiklund, M. & Huang, T. J. Acoustofluidics for biomedical applications. Nat Rev Method Prime 2 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43586-022-00109.7 (2022).","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00109.7"},{"key":"916_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11172","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603838103","volume":"103","author":"L Rajendran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rajendran, L. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease beta-amyloid peptides are released in association with exosomes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 11172\u201311177 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"916_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13118","volume":"507","author":"EK Sackmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sackmann, E. K., Fulton, A. L. & Beebe, D. J. The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research. Nature 507, 181\u2013189 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"916_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Surface acoustic wave-driven enhancement of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays: ELISAW. Anal. Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c01615 (2024).","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c01615"},{"key":"916_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1039\/B911953A","volume":"10","author":"A Renaudin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Renaudin, A., Chabot, V., Grondin, E., Aimez, V. & Charette, P. G. Integrated active mixing and biosensing using surface acoustic waves (SAW) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on a common substrate. Lab Chip 10, 111\u2013115 (2010).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"916_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17285-3","volume":"11","author":"N Nitta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nitta, N. et al. Raman image-activated cell sorting. Nat. Commun. 11, 3452 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"916_CR52","volume":"8","author":"L Min","year":"2021","unstructured":"Min, L. et al. Advanced nanotechnologies for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy. Adv., Sci., (Weinh.) 8, e2102789 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv., Sci., (Weinh.)"},{"key":"916_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01509-9","volume":"21","author":"D Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, D. et al. Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy. Mol. Cancer 21, 56 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"916_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00922-1","volume":"6","author":"W Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, W. et al. Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 6, 979\u2013991 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"916_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, K. & Cheng, K. Stem cell-derived exosome versus stem cell therapy. Nat. Rev. Bioeng. 1\u20132 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44222-023-00064-2 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00064-2"},{"key":"916_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05065","volume":"92","author":"H Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai, H. et al. Profiling cell-matrix adhesion using digitalized acoustic streaming. Anal. Chem. 92, 2283\u20132290 (2020).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"916_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20996e","volume":"12","author":"A Lenshof","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lenshof, A., Evander, M., Laurell, T. & Nilsson, J. Acoustofluidics 5: building microfluidic acoustic resonators. Lab Chip 12, 684\u2013695 (2012).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"916_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18254","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02296","volume":"9","author":"D Mantione","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mantione, D. et al. Low-temperature cross-linking of PEDOT:PSS films using divinylsulfone. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 18254\u201318262 (2017).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"916_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.24331","volume":"55","author":"A H\u00e5kansson","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson, A. et al. Effect of (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)Trimethoxysilane (GOPS) on the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS Films. J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys. 55, 814\u2013820 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys."},{"key":"916_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18074","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA01061G","volume":"8","author":"A Pasha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pasha, A., Khasim, S., Al-Hartomy, O. A., Lakshmi, M. & Manjunatha, K. G. Highly sensitive ethylene glycol-doped PEDOT-PSS organic thin films for LPG sensing. RSC Adv. 8, 18074\u201318083 (2018).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["Microsystems &amp; Nanoengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00916-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00916-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00916-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:03:51Z","timestamp":1744862631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00916-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-025-00916-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.03.31.587511","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2055-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"65"}}