{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:40:27Z","timestamp":1791596427121,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52035009, 52005243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52035009, 52005243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62373259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62373259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21922816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21922816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20200109141003910, JCYJ20210324120402007, KQTD20170810110250357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20200109141003910, JCYJ20210324120402007, KQTD20170810110250357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010226","name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZDJS115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDJS115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsyst Nanoeng"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-00974-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T02:54:52Z","timestamp":1750042492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fluidic-manipulation-enabled multiplexed dose delivery of RONS by a CAP chip for dose optimization enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haisong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaolong","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yau Kei","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6365-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Cheung","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"974_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6595\/aa97af","volume":"26","author":"PJ Bruggeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bruggeman, P. J., Iza, F. & Brandenburg, R. Foundations of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26, 123002 (2017).","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Sci. Technol."},{"key":"974_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.03.003","volume":"630","author":"X Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu, X. et al. Reactive species in non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas: Generation, transport, and biological effects. Phys. Rep. 630, 1\u201384 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"974_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.05.014","volume":"27","author":"S Kumar Dubey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar Dubey, S. et al. Emerging innovations in cold plasma therapy against cancer: a paradigm shift. Drug Discov. Today 27, 2425\u20132439 (2022).","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"974_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884887","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.884887","volume":"9","author":"T Min","year":"2022","unstructured":"Min, T. et al. Therapeutic effects of cold atmospheric plasma on solid tumor. Front. Med. 9, 884887 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"974_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2018.06.010","volume":"36","author":"X Dai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dai, X., Bazaka, K., Richard, D. J., Thompson, E. R. W. & Ostrikov, K. K. The emerging role of gas plasma in oncotherapy. Trends Biotechnol. 36, 1183\u20131198 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"974_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12618-w","volume":"107","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Zhang, C. & Han, Q. Mechanisms of bacterial inhibition and tolerance around cold atmospheric plasma. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 107, 5301\u20135316 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"974_CR7","first-page":"e230026","volume":"2024","author":"R Murali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murali, R. et al. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in wound healing: harnessing a dual-edged sword. Redox Exp. Med. 2024, e230026 (2024).","journal-title":"Redox Exp. Med."},{"key":"974_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102116","volume":"46","author":"S Bekeschus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bekeschus, S., Von Woedtke, T., Emmert, S. & Schmidt, A. Medical gas plasma-stimulated wound healing: Evidence and mechanisms. Redox Biol. 46, 102116 (2021).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"974_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.11.017","volume":"112","author":"SK Dubey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubey, S. K. et al. Cold atmospheric plasma therapy in wound healing. Process Biochem. 112, 112\u2013123 (2022).","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"974_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"063514","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0008881","volume":"27","author":"H Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng, H., Xu, J., Li, X., Liu, D. & Lu, X. On the dose of plasma medicine: equivalent total oxidation potential (ETOP). Phys. Plasmas 27, 063514 (2020).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"974_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0089357","volume":"29","author":"H Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, H. et al. On the dose of plasma medicine: plasma-activated medium (PAM) and its effect on cell viability. Phys. Plasmas 29, 063506 (2022).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"974_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1900178","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201900178","volume":"17","author":"X Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J. & Ostrikov, K. Dosing: the key to precision plasma oncology. Plasma Process. Polym. 17, e1900178 (2020).","journal-title":"Plasma Process. Polym."},{"key":"974_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100020","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.202100020","volume":"18","author":"D Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, D., Horkowitz, A., Wang, Q. & Keidar, M. On the selective killing of cold atmospheric plasma cancer treatment: status and beyond. Plasma Process. Polym. 18, e2100020 (2021).","journal-title":"Plasma Process. Polym."},{"key":"974_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4885","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46050294","volume":"46","author":"AI Abdo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdo, A. I. & Kopecki, Z. Comparing redox and intracellular signalling responses to cold plasma in wound healing and cancer. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 46, 4885\u20134923 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"974_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/plasma6010007","volume":"6","author":"C Corbella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corbella, C., Portal, S. & Keidar, M. Flexible cold atmospheric plasma jet sources. Plasma 6, 72\u201388 (2023).","journal-title":"Plasma"},{"key":"974_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9598","DOI":"10.3390\/app11209598","volume":"11","author":"T Maho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maho, T. et al. Anti-bacterial action of plasma multi-jets in the context of chronic wound healing. Appl. Sci. -Basel 11, 9598 (2021).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci. -Basel"},{"key":"974_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802062","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201802062","volume":"6","author":"A Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin, A. et al. Non-thermal plasma as a unique delivery system of short-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for immunogenic cell death in melanoma cells. Adv. Sci. 6, 1802062 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"974_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-023-10409-9","volume":"43","author":"F Do Nascimento","year":"2023","unstructured":"Do Nascimento, F. et al. Plasma electrode dielectric barrier discharge: development, characterization and preliminary assessment for large surface decontamination. Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 43, 1791\u20131817 (2023).","journal-title":"Plasma Chem. Plasma Process."},{"key":"974_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1644-8","volume":"16","author":"J Hou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hou, J. et al. Non-thermal plasma treatment altered gene expression profiling in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. BMC Genom. 16, 435 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"974_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabg5686","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg5686","volume":"7","author":"G Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, G. et al. Portable air-fed cold atmospheric plasma device for postsurgical cancer treatment. Sci. Adv. 7, eabg5686 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"974_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917891117","volume":"117","author":"G Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, G. et al. Transdermal cold atmospheric plasma-mediated immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 3687\u20133692 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"974_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903438","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903438","volume":"7","author":"S Bekeschus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bekeschus, S. et al. Medical gas plasma jet technology targets murine melanoma in an immunogenic fashion. Adv. Sci. 7, 1903438 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"974_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011306","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0022534","volume":"8","author":"L Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, L. & Keidar, M. A map of control for cold atmospheric plasma jets: from physical mechanisms to optimizations. Appl. Phys. Rev. 8, 011306 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"974_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, W. et al. Gas diffusion mechanisms and models. in Gas Transport in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 9\u201317 (Springer International Publishing, 2014).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09737-4_2"},{"key":"974_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4959174","volume":"23","author":"EJ Baek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baek, E. J., Joh, H. M., Kim, S. J. & Chung, T. Effects of the electrical parameters and gas flow rate on the generation of reactive species in liquids exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma jets. Phys. Plasmas 23, 1\u20139 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"974_CR26","first-page":"2277","volume":"5","author":"HR Humud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Humud, H. R., Abbas, Q. A. & Rauuf, A. F. Effect of gas flow rate on the electron temperature, electron density and gas temperature for atmospheric microwave plasma jet. Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol. 5, 2277\u20134106 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"974_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101291","volume":"26","author":"G Bauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bauer, G. The synergistic effect between hydrogen peroxide and nitrite, two long-lived molecular species from cold atmospheric plasma, triggers tumor cells to induce their own cell death. Redox Biol. 26, 101291 (2019).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"974_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15977","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13304","volume":"8","author":"D Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan, D., Sherman, J. H. & Keidar, M. Cold atmospheric plasma, a novel promising anti-cancer treatment modality. Oncotarget 8, 15977\u201315995 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"974_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6595\/ac604f","volume":"31","author":"T von Woedtke","year":"2022","unstructured":"von Woedtke, T., Laroussi, M. & Gherardi, M. Foundations of plasmas for medical applications. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 31, 054002 (2022).","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Sci. Technol."},{"key":"974_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9","volume":"19","author":"G Sgouros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sgouros, G., Bodei, L., McDevitt, M. R. & Nedrow, J. R. Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 19, 589\u2013608 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"974_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2020.100946","volume":"35","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhong, X., Liu, Z. & Cheng, L. Recent progress of chemodynamic therapy-induced combination cancer therapy. Nano Today 35, 100946 (2020).","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"974_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11071030","volume":"11","author":"S Mitra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitra, S. et al. Impact of ROS generated by chemical, physical, and plasma techniques on cancer attenuation. Cancers 11, 1030 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"974_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"033001","DOI":"10.1088\/0963-0252\/24\/3\/033001","volume":"24","author":"M Keidar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keidar, M. Plasma for cancer treatment. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 24, 033001 (2015).","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Sci. Technol."},{"key":"974_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8090957","volume":"8","author":"M Nedeljkovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nedeljkovic, M. & Damjanovic, A. Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer-how we can rise to the challenge. Cells 8, 957 (2019).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"974_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064498","volume":"8","author":"J Koritzer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koritzer, J. et al. Restoration of sensitivity in chemo-resistant glioma cells by cold atmospheric plasma. Plos One 8, e64498 (2013).","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"974_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202000415","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202000415","volume":"14","author":"L Gan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gan, L. et al. Cold atmospheric plasma applications in dermatology: a systematic review. J. Biophotonics 14, e202000415 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"974_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2022.03.001","volume":"54","author":"Z Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Cold atmospheric plasma delivery for biomedical applications. Mater. Today 54, 153\u2013188 (2022).","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"974_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304660","volume":"98","author":"EM McDonald","year":"2014","unstructured":"McDonald, E. M., Ram, F. S., Patel, D. V. & McGhee, C. N. Topical antibiotics for the management of bacterial keratitis: an evidence-based review of high quality randomised controlled trials. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 98, 1470\u20131477 (2014).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"974_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12121","volume":"71","author":"SJ Karin Jepsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karin Jepsen, S. J. Antibiotics\/antimicrobials: systemic and local administration in the therapy of mild to moderately advanced periodontitis. Perodontolgy2000 71, 82\u2013112 (2016).","journal-title":"Perodontolgy2000"},{"key":"974_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Negut, I., Grumezescu, V. & Grumezescu, A. M. Treatment strategies for infected wounds. Molecules 23, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules23092392 (2018).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092392"},{"key":"974_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00820-y","volume":"21","author":"EM Darby","year":"2023","unstructured":"Darby, E. M. et al. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 280\u2013295 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"974_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2019.04.002","volume":"138","author":"X Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu, X. et al. Transcutaneous plasma stress: from soft-matter models to living tissues. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. 138, 36\u201359 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep."},{"key":"974_CR43","unstructured":"Hammudi, R. A., Hammudi, Y. A. & Ghnaimawi, S. The important role of cold atmospheric plasma in wounds healing. J. Sci. Technol. Environ. 13, 49\u201355 (2024)."},{"key":"974_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murali, R. et al. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in wound healing: harnessing a dual-edged sword. Redox Exp. Med. 2024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rem-23-0026 (2023).","DOI":"10.1530\/rem-23-0026"},{"key":"974_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113360","volume":"12","author":"X Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, X., Bazaka, K., Thompson, E. W. & Ostrikov, K. K. Cold atmospheric plasma: a promising controller of cancer cell states. Cancers 12, 3360 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"974_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.43.4.233","volume":"43","author":"A Rispin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rispin, A. et al. Alternative methods for the median lethal dose (LD50) test: the up-and-down procedure for acute oral toxicity. ILAR J. 43, 233\u2013243 (2002).","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"974_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.3390\/app9173548","volume":"9","author":"TT Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta, T. T. & Ayan, H. Application of non-thermal plasma on biofilm: a review. Appl. Sci. 9, 3548 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"974_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab81cf","volume":"53","author":"R Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. Plasma-activated water: generation, origin of reactive species and biological applications. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 53, 303001 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"974_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.07.012","volume":"36","author":"EJ Szili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Szili, E. J., Hong, S.-H., Oh, J.-S., Gaur, N. & Short, R. D. Tracking the penetration of plasma reactive species in tissue models. Trends Biotechnol. 36, 594\u2013602 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"974_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00951J","volume":"23","author":"F Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, F. et al. A composition-tunable cold atmospheric plasma chip for multiplex-treatment of cells. Lab Chip 23, 580\u2013590 (2023).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"974_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan, W. & Economou, D. J. Gas flow rate dependence of the discharge characteristics of a helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet interacting with a substrate. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 50, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa8794 (2017).","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa8794"},{"key":"974_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13151","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b03336","volume":"90","author":"Y Gorbanev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gorbanev, Y., Privat-Maldonado, A. & Bogaerts, A. Analysis of short-lived reactive species in plasma\u2013air\u2013water systems: the dos and the do nots. Anal. Chem. 90, 13151\u201313158 (2018).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"974_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, K. et al. Long-lived species in plasma-activated water generated by an AC multi-needle-to-water discharge: effects of gas flow on chemical reactions. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 54, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6463\/abc211 (2020).","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/abc211"}],"container-title":["Microsystems & Nanoengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00974-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00974-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00974-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T04:02:12Z","timestamp":1750046532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-00974-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-025-00974-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"H.C.S. is a scientific advisor of EN Technology Limited in which he owns some equity, and also a managing director of the research center, namely Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center Limited. The work in the paper is however not directly related to the works of these two entities, as far as we know.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"123"}}