{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:20:20Z","timestamp":1793254820646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology | Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024NSFSC0143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC0143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology | Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFFK0333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFFK0333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11674048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11674048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsyst Nanoeng"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-01138-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:56:06Z","timestamp":1767866166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A flexible wireless skin patch for synchronized glucose monitoring and regulation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhi","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3815-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihe","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1138_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343002","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1343002","volume":"15","author":"X Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. Global trends in burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity across 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Front. Endocrinol. 15, 1343002 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1138_CR2","first-page":"12","volume":"9","author":"A Bonnefond","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonnefond, A. et al. Monogenic diabetes. Nat. Rev. Dis. 9, 12 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis."},{"key":"1138_CR3","first-page":"e43882","volume":"15","author":"F Jyotsna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jyotsna, F. et al. Exploring the complex connection between diabetes and cardiovascular disease: analyzing approaches to mitigate cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Cureus 15, e43882 (2023).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1138_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0306273","volume":"47","author":"JS Skyler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Skyler, J. S. Diabetes mellitus:\u2009pathogenesis and treatment strategies. J. Med. Chem. 47, 4113\u20134117 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"1138_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00113-3","volume":"9","author":"MA Nauck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nauck, M. A., Wefers, J. & Meier, J. J. Treatment of type 2 diabetes: challenges, hopes, and anticipated successes. Lancet Diab. Endocrinol. 9, 525\u2013544 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Diab. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1138_CR6","first-page":"73","volume":"100","author":"K Mosaku","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mosaku, K. et al. Depression, anxiety and quality of life among diabetic patients: a comparative study. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 100, 73\u201378 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"1138_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.08.042","volume":"288","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Preparation, properties and challenges of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system. J. Control. Release 288, 173\u2013188 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"1138_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106817","volume":"93","author":"G Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, G. et al. A self-powered closed-loop brain-machine-interface system for real-time detecting and rapidly adjusting blood glucose concentration. Nano Energy 93, 106817 (2021).","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"1138_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c16540","volume":"16","author":"D Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen, D. et al. Electrostatic-interaction-aided microneedle patch for enhanced glucose-responsive insulin delivery and three-meal-per-day blood-glucose regulation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 4449\u20134461 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"1138_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303665","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303665","volume":"10","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. \u201cSmart\u201d matrix microneedle patch made of self-cross linkable and multifunctional polymers for delivering insulin on-demand. Adv. Sci. 10, 2303665 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1138_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add3197","volume":"8","author":"C Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, C. et al. Glucose-responsive microneedle patch for closed-loop dual-hormone delivery in mice and pigs. Sci. Adv. 8, eadd3197 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1138_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.92910","volume":"14","author":"X Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Integrated electronic\/fluidic microneedle system for glucose sensing and insulin delivery. Theranostics 14, 1662\u20131682 (2024).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1138_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00663-y","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Yang, L. & Cui, Y. A wearable, rapidly manufacturable, stability-enhancing microneedle patch for closed-loop diabetes management. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 10, 112 (2024).","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"1138_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100827","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100827","volume":"8","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. A fully integrated closed-loop system based on mesoporous microneedles-iontophoresis for diabetes treatment. Adv. Sci. 8, 2100827 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1138_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(90)80273-3","volume":"1","author":"R Turner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Turner, R. et al. A biocompatible enzyme electrode for continuous in vivo glucose monitoring in whole blood. Sens. Actuator B-Chem. 1, 561\u2013564 (1990).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B-Chem."},{"key":"1138_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1021\/ac961083y","volume":"69","author":"G Kenausis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kenausis, G., Chen, Q. & Heller, A. Electrochemical glucose and lactate sensors based on \u201cwired\u201d thermostable soybean peroxidase operating continuously and stably at 37 \u00b0C. Anal. Chem. 69, 1054\u20131060 (1997).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1138_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116542","volume":"262","author":"Y Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu, Y. et al. A wearable microneedle patch incorporating reversible FRET-based hydrogel sensors for continuous glucose monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron. 262, 116542 (2024).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"1138_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1021\/ac990060r","volume":"71","author":"R Russell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Russell, R. et al. A fluorescence-based glucose biosensor using concanavalin and dextran encapsulated in a poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel. Anal. Chem. 71, 3126\u20133132 (1999).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1138_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006911107","volume":"107","author":"H Shibata","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shibata, H. et al. Injectable hydrogel microbeads for fluorescence-based in vivo continuous glucose monitoring. PNAS 107, 17894\u201317898 (2010).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"1138_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201300142","volume":"3","author":"M Invernale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Invernale, M. et al. Microneedle electrodes toward an amperometric glucose-sensing smart patch. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 3, 338\u2013342 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"1138_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114450","volume":"213","author":"H Mirzajani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirzajani, H. et al. An ultra-compact and wireless tag for battery-free sweat glucose monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron. 213, 114450 (2022).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"1138_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304704","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304704","volume":"36","author":"T Abbasiasl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbasiasl, T. et al. A wearable touch-activated device integrated with hollow microneedles for continuous sampling and sensing of dermal interstitial fluid. Adv. Mater. 36, 2304704 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"1138_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2023.108570","volume":"190","author":"X You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You, X. et al. Multi-groove microneedles based wearable colorimetric sensor for simple and facile glucose detection. Microchem. J. 190, 108570 (2023).","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"1138_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201704181","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Bioresponsive microneedles with a sheath structure for H2O2 and pH cascade-triggered insulin delivery. Small 14, 1704181 (2018).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1138_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009850","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202009850","volume":"32","author":"M Dervisevic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dervisevic, M. et al. Transdermal electrochemical monitoring of glucose via high-density Silicon microneedle array patch. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2009850 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"1138_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd0199","volume":"7","author":"Z Pu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pu, Z. et al. A thermal activated and differential self-calibrated flexible epidermal biomicrofluidic device for wearable accurate blood glucose monitoring. Sci. Adv. 7, eabd0199 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1138_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-018-0349-6","volume":"20","author":"F Ribet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribet, F., Stemme, G. & Roxhed, N. Minimally invasive and continuous glucose monitoring sensor based on non-enzymatic porous platinum black-coated gold microneedles. Biomed. Microdevices 20, 137691 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"1138_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-021-00302-w","volume":"7","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Continuous monitoring of diabetes with an integrated microneedle biosensing device through 3D printing. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 7, 75 (2021).","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"1138_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c02635","volume":"8","author":"J Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, J. et al. Development of smartphone-controlled and microneedle-based wearable continuous glucose monitoring system for home-care diabetes management. ACS Sens 8, 1241\u20131251 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"1138_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00797E","volume":"23","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. A wearable, minimally-invasive, fully electrochemically-controlled feedback minisystem for diabetes management. Lab Chip 23, 421\u2013436 (2023).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1138_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116280","volume":"256","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. An integrated wearable differential microneedle array for continuous glucose monitoring in interstitial fluids. Biosens. Bioelectron. 256, 116280 (2024).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"1138_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOFL.0000039336.51399.3b","volume":"14","author":"H Fang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fang, H., Kaur, G. & Wang, B. Progress in boronic acid-based fluorescent glucose sensors. J. Fluoresc. 14, 481\u2013489 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Fluoresc."},{"key":"1138_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13399","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104954108","volume":"108","author":"Y Heo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heo, Y. et al. Long-term in vivo glucose monitoring using fluorescent hydrogel fibers. PNAS 108, 13399\u201313403 (2011).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"1138_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7640","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b03219","volume":"139","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Sung, H. & Du, J. 2017. Sugar-breathing glycopolymersomes for regulating glucose level. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 7640\u20137647 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1138_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10167","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR01687B","volume":"11","author":"A GhavamiNejad","year":"2019","unstructured":"GhavamiNejad, A. et al. Glucose regulation by modified boronic acid-sulfobetaine zwitterionic nanogels-a non-hormonal strategy for the potential treatment of hyperglycemia. Nanoscale 11, 10167\u201310171 (2019).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"1138_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Glucose-responsive systems: glucose-responsive insulin and delivery systems: innovation and translation. Adv. Mater. 32, e1902004 (2020).","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902004"},{"key":"1138_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111299","volume":"117","author":"M Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, M. et al. Assisted 3D printing of microneedle patches for minimally invasive glucose control in diabetes. Mater. Sci. Eng. C.Mater. Biol. Appl. 117, 111299 (2020).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C.Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"1138_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4870","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c01073","volume":"7","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Cross-linking-density-changeable microneedle patch prepared from a glucose-responsive hydrogel for insulin delivery. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 7, 4870\u20134882 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"1138_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0508-y","volume":"4","author":"J Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Glucose-responsive insulin patch for the regulation of blood glucose in mice and minipigs. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 4, 499\u2013506 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1138_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29512","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011099117","volume":"117","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Dual self-regulated delivery of insulin and glucagon by a hybrid patch. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117, 29512\u201329517 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1138_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12019","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c03310","volume":"15","author":"O Heifler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heifler, O. et al. Clinic-on-a-needle array toward future minimally invasive wearable artificial pancreas applications. ACS Nano 15, 12019\u201312033 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1138_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2123098","volume":"58","author":"P Valdastri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Valdastri, P. et al. Wireless implantable electronic platform for chronic fluorescent-based biosensors. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 58, 1846\u20131854 (2011).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1138_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.003859","volume":"5","author":"T Tokuda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tokuda, T. et al. CMOS image sensor-based implantable glucose sensor using glucose-responsive fluorescent hydrogel. Biomed. Opt. Express 5, 3859\u20133870 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"1138_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5874","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00040a067","volume":"114","author":"J Yoon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yoon, J. & Czarnik, A. Fluorescent chemosensors of carbohydrates. A means of chemically communicating the binding of polyols in water based on chelation-enhanced quenching. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 5874\u20135875 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1138_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(02)00489-1","volume":"58","author":"G Springsteen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Springsteen, G. & Wang, B. A detailed examination of boronic acid\u2013diol complexation. Tetrahedron 58, 5291\u20135300 (2002).","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"1138_CR46","first-page":"2038","volume":"477","author":"T James","year":"1996","unstructured":"James, T., Sandanayake, K. & Shinkai, S. Saccharidnachweis mit rezeptoren auf borons\u00e4urebasis. S. Chen. Commun. 477, 2038\u20132050 (1996).","journal-title":"S. Chen. Commun."},{"key":"1138_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12942","DOI":"10.1021\/jp027457a","volume":"107","author":"S Franzen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franzen, S., Ni, W. & Wang, B. Study of the mechanism of electron-transfer quenching by boron-nitrogen adducts in fluorescent sensors. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107, 12942\u201312948 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B."},{"key":"1138_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.11.2790","volume":"52","author":"MS Boyne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boyne, M. S. et al. Timing of changes in interstitial and venous blood glucose measured with a continuous subcutaneous glucose sensor. Diabetes 52, 2790\u20132794 (2003).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1138_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2009.0002","volume":"11","author":"E Cengiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cengiz, E. et al. A tale of two compartments: interstitial versus blood glucose monitoring. Diab. Technol. Ther. 11, S11\u2013S16 (2009).","journal-title":"Diab. Technol. Ther."},{"key":"1138_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.08.045","volume":"135","author":"W Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu, W. et al. Insights into the mechanics of solid conical microneedle array insertion into skin using the finite element method. Acta Biomater. 135, 403\u2013413 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"1138_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh1765","volume":"9","author":"M Sang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sang, M. et al. Fluorescent-based biodegradable microneedle sensor array for tether-free continuous glucose monitoring with smartphone application. Sci. Adv. 9, eadh1765 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1138_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keyvani, F. et al. Integrated electrochemical aptamer biosensing and colorimetric pH monitoring via hydrogel microneedle assays for assessing antibiotic treatment. Adv. Sci. 11, 2309027 (2024).","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309027"}],"container-title":["Microsystems & Nanoengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-01138-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-01138-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-01138-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1767870192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-025-01138-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-025-01138-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants and the protocol approved by the Ethics Committee for Medical Research and New Medical Technology of Sichuan Cancer Hospital (SCCHEC-04-2024-013).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"23"}}