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However, current non-miniaturized sensors often offer a narrow field of view and measure only a single parameter, which does not meet the needs of advanced integrated photovoltaic power-management systems, motivating the need for a compact, multifunctional sensing solution. We propose a new, integrated, multifunctional sensor capable of capturing wide-view solar angle and intensity. This device integrates three detectors on a single chip, each with a differently inclined surface, to broaden the field of view. Tests under systematically varied angles and intensity levels showed that the three detectors respond most strongly at 117.5\u00b0, 87.5\u00b0, and 67.5\u00b0, with current-to-intensity coefficients of 2.85 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 2.31 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 2.57 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u03bcA\/(W\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The device offers an unprecedented \u00b175\u00b0 field of view for a single-chip solar sensor while maintaining a low mean error of 3.4\u00b0 for the angle and a low relative mean error of 1.6% for intensity, respectively. This multifunctional micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor, combining a wide field of view with high accuracy, marks an important step toward enabling distributed, in-situ power management in large-scale photovoltaic systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-01154-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:46:02Z","timestamp":1770806762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wide field of view multifunctional solar sensor for photovoltaic power management via measurement of solar angle and intensity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haizhao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yier","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3076-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sixing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3525-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Basset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202305367","volume":"36","author":"A Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma, A. et al. 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