{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:02:40Z","timestamp":1790074960761,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsyst Nanoeng"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-026-01375-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:14:21Z","timestamp":1790064861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A scalable skin-friendly antibacterial radiative cooling textile against extreme heatwaves"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueke","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya Barathy","family":"Thamilselvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5466-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saichao","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingkun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakeel","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9060-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussam","family":"Qasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Chun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoqiang","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1375_CR1","unstructured":"UAE records hottest May in over two decades with temperatures reaching 51.6\u2009\u00b0C https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/uae\/weather\/uae-records-hottest-may-in-over-two-decades-with-temperatures-reaching-516c-1.500159465 (2025)."},{"key":"1375_CR2","unstructured":"UAE tops 50C in highest May temperature on record https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/live-news\/20250523-uae-tops-50c-in-highest-may-temperature-on-record. (2025)."},{"key":"1375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-02760-4","volume":"632","author":"S Hall","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hall, S. The cool technologies that could protect cities from dangerous heat. Nature 632, 971\u2013973 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.4519","volume":"91","author":"A Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan, A. & Mubeen, M. Heat Stroke in the Era of Global Warming: A Call for Urgent Action. Ann. Glob. Health 91, 1 (2025).","journal-title":"Ann. Glob. Health"},{"key":"1375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s44359-025-00041-5","volume":"1","author":"K Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, K. et al. Towards practical applications of radiative cooling. Nat. Rev. Clean Technol. 1, 235\u2013254 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clean Technol."},{"key":"1375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13883","volume":"515","author":"AP Raman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raman, A. P. et al. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight. Nature 515, 540\u2013544 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01200-x","volume":"6","author":"X Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, X. et al. An all-weather radiative human body cooling textile. Nat. Sustain. 6, 1446\u20131454 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"1375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9357","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00003A","volume":"50","author":"Y Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang, Y. et al. Smart textiles for personalized thermoregulation. Chem. Soc. Rev. 50, 9357\u20139374 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"1375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802152","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802152","volume":"30","author":"L Cai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cai, L. et al. Spectrally selective nanocomposite textile for outdoor personal cooling. Adv. Mater. 30, 1802152 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"1375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00987-0","volume":"16","author":"B Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, B. et al. Subambient daytime radiative cooling textile based on nanoprocessed silk. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1342\u20131348 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"1375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl0653","volume":"384","author":"R Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, R. et al. Spectrally engineered textile for radiative cooling against urban heat islands. Science 384, 1203\u20131212 (2024).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi5484","volume":"373","author":"S Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng, S. et al. Hierarchical-morphology metafabric for scalable passive daytime radiative cooling. Science 373, 692\u2013696 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s43593-023-00053-3","volume":"3","author":"K-T Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, K.-T. et al. Highly efficient flexible structured metasurface by roll-to-roll printing for diurnal radiative cooling. eLight 3, 22 (2023).","journal-title":"eLight"},{"key":"1375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520600966177","volume":"41","author":"HA Jeng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeng, H. A. & Swanson, J. Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in mammalian cells. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng. 41, 2699\u20132711 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"1375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, R. C. et al. Twenty years of microplastic pollution research\u2014what have we learned? Science. 386, eadl2746 (2024).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl2746"},{"key":"1375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2024.102108","volume":"5","author":"KF Hasan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasan, K. F. et al. Nanotechnology-empowered radiative cooling and warming textiles. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 5, 102108 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"1375_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c08227","volume":"16","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. A moisture-wicking passive radiative cooling hierarchical metafabric. ACS Nano 16, 2188\u20132197 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1375_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03420.x","volume":"68","author":"B Nielsen","year":"1966","unstructured":"Nielsen, B. Regulation of body temperature and heat dissipation at different levels of energy- and heat production in man. Acta Physiol. Scand. 68, 215\u2013227 (1966).","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"1375_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiner, J. S. HUMAN PERSPIRATION. By Kuno, Yas. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford. 1956. Pp. xv + 417. 72s. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 42, 327\u2013327 (1957).","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1957.sp001275"},{"key":"1375_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.1994.tb01156.x","volume":"1994","author":"GW Mack","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mack, G. W. & Nadel, E. R. Body fluid balance during heat stress in humans. in Compr. Physiol. 1994, 187\u2013214 (1994).","journal-title":"in Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"1375_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26384-8","volume":"12","author":"YC Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng, Y. C. et al. Integrated cooling (i-Cool) textile of heat conduction and sweat transportation for personal perspiration management. Nat. Commun. 12, 6122 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1375_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.23.12.624","volume":"23","author":"JD Hardy","year":"1937","unstructured":"Hardy, J. D. & DuBois, E. F. Regulation of Heat Loss from the Human Body. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 23, 624\u2013631 (1937).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"1375_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12196","volume":"19","author":"R Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, R. et al. Radiative cooling meta-fabric integrated with knitting perspiration-wicking and coating heat conduction. ACS Nano 19, 826\u2013836 (2025).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1375_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2023.110875","volume":"264","author":"M Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, M. et al. Integrated passive cooling fabrics with bioinspired perspiration-wicking for outdoor personal thermal management. Compos. Pt. B-Eng. 264, 110875 (2023).","journal-title":"Compos. Pt. B-Eng."},{"key":"1375_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300794","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300794","volume":"33","author":"C Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan, C. et al. Dynamically tunable subambient daytime radiative cooling metafabric with Janus wettability. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2300794 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"1375_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209029","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202209029","volume":"32","author":"D Miao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miao, D. et al. Nanoengineered textiles for outdoor personal cooling and drying. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2209029 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"1375_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c03801","volume":"22","author":"D Miao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miao, D. et al. Integration of Janus wettability and heat conduction in hierarchically designed textiles for all-day personal radiative cooling. Nano lett 22, 680\u2013687 (2022).","journal-title":"Nano lett"},{"key":"1375_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412261","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202412261","volume":"35","author":"Z Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan, Z. et al. Bioinspired metafabric with dual-gradient Janus design for personal radiative and evaporative cooling. Adv. Funct. Mater. 35, 2412261 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"1375_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02898-2","volume":"11","author":"MN Polyanskiy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polyanskiy, M. N. Refractiveindex.info database of optical constants. Scientific Data 11, 94 (2024).","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"1375_CR30","unstructured":"Refractive index database https:\/\/www.filmetrics.com\/refractive-index-database."},{"key":"1375_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.40.001354","volume":"40","author":"Q Fu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fu, Q. & Sun, W. Mie theory for light scattering by a spherical particle in an absorbing medium. Appl. Opt. 40, 1354\u20131361 (2001).","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"1375_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.157","volume":"16","author":"AL Byrd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. A. The human skin microbiome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 16, 143\u2013155 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1375_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01278-y","volume":"18","author":"J Qian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qian, J. et al. Highly stable, antiviral, antibacterial cotton textiles via molecular engineering. Nat. Nanotechn. 18, 168\u2013176 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechn."},{"key":"1375_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1928.02380140100009","volume":"18","author":"B Usher","year":"1928","unstructured":"Usher, B. Human sweat as a culture medium for bacteria: A preliminary report. Arch. Dermatol. Syphilol. 18, 276\u2013280 (1928).","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Syphilol."},{"key":"1375_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1953.01540100070012","volume":"68","author":"WB Shelley","year":"1953","unstructured":"Shelley, W. B., Hurley, H. J. Jr & Nichols, A. C. AXILLARY ODOR: Experimental Study of the Role of Bacteria, Apocrine Sweat, and Deodorants. AMA. Arch. Derm. Syphilol. 68, 430\u2013446 (1953).","journal-title":"AMA. Arch. Derm. Syphilol."},{"key":"1375_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8537","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c21832","volume":"15","author":"X Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai, X. et al. MOF-integrated hierarchical composite fiber for efficient daytime radiative cooling and antibacterial protective textiles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 8537\u20138545 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"1375_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19828","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c01926","volume":"16","author":"W Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu, W. et al. Antibacterial PVDF coral-like hierarchical structure composite film fabrication for self-cleaning and radiative cooling effect. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 19828\u201319837 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"1375_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52633","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c10161","volume":"16","author":"B-B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, B.-B. et al. Rational design and fine fabrication of passive daytime radiative cooling textiles integrate antibacterial, uv-shielding, and self-cleaning characteristics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16, 52633\u201352644 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"1375_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.155291","volume":"609","author":"F Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, F. et al. Fabrication of a multifunctional antibacterial Cotton-based fabric for personal cooling. Appl. Surf. Sci. 609, 155291 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"1375_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143800","volume":"468","author":"M Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng, M. et al. Multiple textile triboelectric nanogenerators based on UV-protective, radiative cooling, and antibacterial composite yarns. Chem. Eng. J. 468, 143800 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"1375_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2018.12.035","volume":"279","author":"H Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Zhao, M. & Lin, Y. S. Stability of ZIF-8 in water under ambient conditions. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 279, 201\u2013210 (2019).","journal-title":"Micropor. Mesopor. Mat."},{"key":"1375_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00522","volume":"3","author":"M Taheri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taheri, M. & Tsuzuki, T. Photo-accelerated Hydrolysis of Metal Organic Framework ZIF-8. ACS Mater. Lett. 3, 255\u2013260 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"1375_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01033-6","volume":"18","author":"AB Sengul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sengul, A. B. & Asmatulu, E. Toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: a review. Environ. Chem Lett. 18, 1659\u20131683 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Chem Lett"},{"key":"1375_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simkiss, K. & Mason, A. Metal ions: metabolic and toxic effects, In The Mollusca. Elsevier. p. 101\u2013164 (1983).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-751402-4.50011-X"},{"key":"1375_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-008-9419-7","volume":"11","author":"WS Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin, W. S. et al. Toxicity of nano- and micro-sized ZnO particles in human lung epithelial cells. J. Nanopart. Res. 11, 25\u201339 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"1375_CR46","first-page":"482","volume":"99","author":"R Gauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gauer, R. & Meyers, B. K. Heat-related illnesses. Am. Fam. Phys. 99, 482\u2013489 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"1375_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delanghe, L. et al. Cotton and surgical face masks in community settings: bacterial contamination and face mask hygiene. Front. Med. 8, (2021)","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.732047"},{"key":"1375_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simon\u010di\u010d B. & Tom\u0161i\u010d B., Recent Concepts of Antimicrobial Textile Finishes. In Textile Finishing, 1\u201368 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119426790.ch1 (2017)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119426790.ch1"},{"key":"1375_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01185","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01185-21","volume":"9","author":"A M\u00f8llebjerg","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00f8llebjerg, A. et al. The Bacterial Life Cycle in Textiles is Governed by Fiber Hydrophobicity. Microbiol. Spectr. 9, e01185\u201321 (2021).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"1375_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-015-0040-x","volume":"7","author":"A Sirelkhatim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sirelkhatim, A. et al. Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-micro lett. 7, 219\u2013242 (2015).","journal-title":"Nano-micro lett"},{"key":"1375_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146307","volume":"475","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Scalable wet-spinning of wearable chitosan-silica textile for all-day radiative cooling. Chem. Eng. J. 475, 146307 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"1375_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn5694","volume":"385","author":"J-W Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, J.-W. et al. A photoluminescent hydrogen-bonded biomass aerogel for sustainable radiative cooling. Science 385, 68\u201374 (2024).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1375_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, F. F. et al. Sustainable antifungal and antibacterial textiles using natural resources, In Sustainability in the textile and apparel industries: sourcing natural raw materials. Springer. p. 111\u2013179. (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38541-5_5"},{"key":"1375_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahariah, P., Hj\u00e1lmarsd\u00f3ttir, M.\u00c1. & M\u00e1sson, M. Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and chitosan derivatives, In Marine Glycobiol. CRC Press. p. 365\u2013388 (2016)","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315371399-39"},{"key":"1375_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13060904","volume":"13","author":"C-L Ke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ke, C.-L. et al. Antimicrobial Actions and Applications of Chitosan. Polymers 13, 904 (2021).","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"1375_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayak, R. and Padhye, R. Antimicrobial finishes for textiles. Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK. (2014)","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857098450.2.361"},{"key":"1375_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.134975","volume":"435","author":"L Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan, L. et al. Metal organic frameworks for antibacterial applications. Chem. Eng. J. 435, 134975 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"1375_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.1c04203","volume":"61","author":"V Bhandari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhandari, V. et al. Antimicrobial finishing of metals, metal oxides, and metal composites on textiles: a systematic review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61, 86\u2013101 (2022).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"1375_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16023626","volume":"16","author":"Y Xue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xue, Y., Xiao, H. & Zhang, Y. Antimicrobial polymeric materials with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16, 3626\u20133655 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1375_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001","volume":"31","author":"M Rinaudo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rinaudo, M. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 31, 603\u2013632 (2006).","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"1375_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-5148(00)00038-9","volume":"46","author":"MNVR Kumar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kumar, M. N. V. R. A review of chitin and chitosan applications. React. Funct. Polym. 46, 1\u201327 (2000).","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"1375_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9200033","DOI":"10.26599\/CF.2025.9200033","volume":"2","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. et al. Progress in passive daytime radiative cooling from spectral design to real application. Carbon Future 2, 9200033 (2025).","journal-title":"Carbon Future"},{"key":"1375_CR63","first-page":"34","volume":"6","author":"Y Ying","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ying, Y. et al. Photonic control of thermal radiation for protective windows. Light. Adv. Manuf. 6, 34 (2025).","journal-title":"Light. Adv. Manuf."},{"key":"1375_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45095-4","volume":"15","author":"XK Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, X. K. et al. A dual-selective thermal emitter with enhanced subambient radiative cooling performance. Nat. Commun. 15, 815 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1375_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2019.100127","volume":"10","author":"A Aili","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aili, A. et al. Selection of polymers with functional groups for daytime radiative cooling. Mater. Today Phys. 10, 100127 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Phys."},{"key":"1375_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-018-0033-x","volume":"7","author":"NN Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, N. N. et al. Nanostructured fibers as a versatile photonic platform: radiative cooling and waveguiding through transverse Anderson localization. Light Sci. Appl. 7, 37 (2018).","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"1375_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2020.1726282","volume":"50","author":"S Keerthana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keerthana, S. & Kumar, A. Potential risks and benefits of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a systematic review. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 50, 47\u201371 (2020).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"1375_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2016.07.086","volume":"99","author":"C Branca","year":"2016","unstructured":"Branca, C. et al. Role of the OH and NH vibrational groups in polysaccharide-nanocomposite interactions: A FTIR-ATR study on chitosan and chitosan\/clay films. Polymer 99, 614\u2013622 (2016).","journal-title":"Polymer"}],"container-title":["Microsystems & Nanoengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01375-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01375-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01375-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:03:42Z","timestamp":1790071422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01375-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-026-01375-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"327"}}