{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:49:14Z","timestamp":1792014554997,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62273052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2431050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2431050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L248102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L248102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L248102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L248102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L248102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L248102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L248102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L248102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L248102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L248102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L248102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L248102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS23062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS23062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsyst Nanoeng"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-026-01444-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:02:38Z","timestamp":1791972158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acoustically driven micro\/nanobubbles: from fundamental mechanisms to biomedical applications"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingguang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0230-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1444_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32750","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04890B","volume":"11","author":"AA Paknahad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paknahad, A. A., Kerr, L., Wong, D. A., Kolios, M. C. & Tsai, S. S. H. Biomedical nanobubbles and opportunities for microfluidics. RSC Adv. 11, 32750\u201332774 (2021).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"1444_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5746","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00839J","volume":"50","author":"R Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong, R., Xu, R. X., Huang, C., De Smedt, S. & Braeckmans, K. Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles for biomedical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 50, 5746\u20135776 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0386","volume":"6","author":"T Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, T., Chen, Z., Huang, Q., Arai, T. & Liu, X. Advanced microrobots driven by acoustic and magnetic fields for biomedical applications. Cyborg Bionic Syst. 6, 386 (2025).","journal-title":"Cyborg Bionic Syst."},{"key":"1444_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00622","volume":"122","author":"AG Athanassiadis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Athanassiadis, A. G. et al. Ultrasound-responsive systems as components for smart materials. Chem. Rev. 122, 5165\u20135208 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111378","volume":"17","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, Z. & Liu, Y. A review on the structure-response-efficacy optimization of ultrasound-responsive micro\/nanobubbles for cancer therapy. Pharmaceutics 17, 1378 (2025).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00109-7","volume":"2","author":"J Rufo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rufo, J., Cai, F., Friend, J., Wiklund, M. & Huang, T. J. Acoustofluidics for biomedical applications. Nat. Rev. Methods Prim. 2, 30 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Prim."},{"key":"1444_CR7","volume":"11","author":"Y He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, Y. et al. Acoustic technologies for the orchestration of cellular functions for therapeutic applications. Sci. Adv. 11, eadu4759 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1444_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00009","volume":"124","author":"H Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Ultrasound-based micro-\/nanosystems for biomedical applications. Chem. Rev. 124, 8307\u20138472 (2024).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.027","volume":"46","author":"E Stride","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stride, E. et al. Microbubble agents: new directions. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 46, 1326\u20131343 (2020).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srivastava, S. et al. Overview of diagnostic ultrasound safety. J. Ultrasound Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jum.70085 (2026).","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.70085"},{"key":"1444_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102208","volume":"282","author":"A Sattari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sattari, A., Hanafizadeh, P. & Hoorfar, M. Multiphase flow in microfluidics: from droplets and bubbles to the encapsulated structures. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 282, 102208 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106501","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/73\/10\/106501","volume":"73","author":"W Lauterborn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lauterborn, W. & Kurz, T. Physics of bubble oscillations. Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 106501 (2010).","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"1444_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061625","volume":"15","author":"JA Navarro-Becerra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Navarro-Becerra, J. A. & Borden, M. A. Targeted microbubbles for drug, gene, and cell delivery in therapy and immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 15, 1625 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10173","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b03779","volume":"35","author":"S Roovers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roovers, S. et al. The role of ultrasound-driven microbubble dynamics in drug delivery: from microbubble fundamentals to clinical translation. Langmuir 35, 10173\u201310191 (2019).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"1444_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Campo Fonseca, A. et al. Ultrasound trapping and navigation of microrobots in the mouse brain vasculature. Nat. Commun. 14, 5889 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41557-3"},{"key":"1444_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31014-y","volume":"13","author":"J Rufo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rufo, J., Zhang, P., Zhong, R., Lee, L. P. & Huang, T. J. A sound approach to advancing healthcare systems: the future of biomedical acoustics. Nat. Commun. 13, 3459 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awlqadr, F. H. et al. Advancement in nanobubble technology: enhancing drug and nutraceutical delivery with focus on bioavailability, targeted therapy, safety, and sustainability. Front. Nanotechnol. 7, 1548593 (2025).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2025.1655276"},{"key":"1444_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16611","volume":"44","author":"KB Bader","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bader, K. B. et al. Overview of therapeutic ultrasound applications and safety considerations: 2024 update. J. Ultrasound Med. 44, 381\u2013433 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"1444_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC01173H","volume":"21","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Y., Liu, X., Huang, Q., Ohta, A. T. & Arai, T. Bubbles in microfluidics: an all-purpose tool for micromanipulation. Lab Chip 21, 1016\u20131035 (2021).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1444_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevFluids.10.030501","volume":"10","author":"K Sarkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarkar, K. Dynamics of bubbles and ultrasound: diagnostic imaging to blood pressure monitoring and tissue engineering. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 30501 (2025).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Fluids"},{"key":"1444_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107521","volume":"121","author":"AK Abu-Nab","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abu-Nab, A. K., Morad, A. M., Selima, E. S., Kanagawa, T. & Abu-Bakr, A. F. A review of microcavitation bubbles dynamics in biological systems and their mechanical applications. Ultrason. Sonochem. 121, 107521 (2025).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211046129","volume":"42","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. A review of bioeffects induced by focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the neurovascular unit. J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 42, 3\u201326 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"1444_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.2007","volume":"16","author":"D Wegierak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wegierak, D. et al. Nanobubble contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging: a review. WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnology 16, e2007 (2024).","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"1444_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115199","volume":"206","author":"A Bouakaz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bouakaz, A. & Michel Escoffre, J. From concept to early clinical trials: 30 years of microbubble-based ultrasound-mediated drug delivery research. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 206, 115199 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03185-2","volume":"39","author":"JM Wasielewska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wasielewska, J. M. & White, A. R. focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery in humans \u2013 a path towards translation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharm. Res. 39, 427\u2013439 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"1444_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03959-x","volume":"24","author":"D Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, D., Ling, Y., Liu, W., Deng, J. & Guo, Y. Ultrasound-responsive micro\/nanobubbles based intelligent theranostic systems for precision tumor therapy. J. Nanobiotechnology 24, 83 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"1444_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icu091","volume":"54","author":"Y Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, Y. & Lee, S. Manipulation of biological objects using acoustic bubbles: a review. Integr. Comp. Biol. 54, 959\u2013968 (2014).","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00062-9","volume":"25","author":"P Dayton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dayton, P., Klibanov, A., Brandenburger, G. & Ferrara, K. Acoustic radiation force in vivo: a mechanism to assist targeting of microbubbles. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 25, 1195\u20131201 (1999).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01613","volume":"423","author":"P Marmottant","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marmottant, P. & Hilgenfeldt, S. Controlled vesicle deformation and lysis by single oscillating bubbles. Nature 423, 153\u2013156 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1444_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00777-3","volume":"10","author":"X Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin, X. et al. Movable surface acoustic wave tweezers: a versatile toolbox for micromanipulation. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 10, 155 (2024).","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"1444_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003569117","volume":"117","author":"D Baresch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baresch, D. & Garbin, V. Acoustic trapping of microbubbles in complex environments and controlled payload release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117, 15490\u201315496 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goyal, R. Amplification of acoustic forces using microbubble arrays enables manipulation of centimeter-scale objects. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 254502 (2022).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.128.254502"},{"key":"1444_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, M. U., Kim, Y. C., Bournival, G. & Ata, S. Tailoring bubble size through acoustic-assisted microbubble generation. AIChE J. 71, e18802.","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.18802"},{"key":"1444_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H. et al. Ultrafast ultrasound imaging in acoustic microbubble trapping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 203701 (2019).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5124437"},{"key":"1444_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1039\/b903687c","volume":"9","author":"D Ahmed","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahmed, D., Mao, X., Shi, J., Juluri, B. K. & Huang, T. J. A millisecond micromixer via single-bubble-based acoustic streaming. Lab Chip 9, 2738 (2009).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1444_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.09.068","volume":"157","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Yang, K., Cui, J., Ye, J. Y. & Deng, C. X. Controlled permeation of cell membrane by single bubble acoustic cavitation. J. Control. Release 157, 103\u2013111 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"1444_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1998.0183","volume":"454","author":"MS Longuet-Higgins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Longuet-Higgins, M. S. Viscous streaming from an oscillating spherical bubble. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 454, 725\u2013742 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.83.647","volume":"83","author":"J Friend","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friend, J. & Yeo, L. Y. Microscale acoustofluidics: microfluidics driven via acoustics and ultrasonics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 647\u2013704 (2011).","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"1444_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1121\/1.396636","volume":"84","author":"DL Miller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Miller, D. L. Particle gathering and microstreaming near ultrasonically activated gas-filled micropores. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 1378\u20131387 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"1444_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.100.033104","volume":"100","author":"AA Doinikov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doinikov, A. A., Cleve, S., Regnault, G., Mauger, C. & Inserra, C. Acoustic microstreaming produced by nonspherical oscillations of a gas bubble. I. Case of modes 0 and m. Phys. Rev. E 100, 33104 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"1444_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Liu, X., Huang, Q. & Arai, T. Controlled rotation of micro-objects using acoustically driven microbubbles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 063701 (2021).","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0038789"},{"key":"1444_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00276G","volume":"21","author":"Y Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Wu, M., Gaynes, B. I., Dieter, R. S. & Xu, J. Study of ultrasound thrombolysis using acoustic bubbles in a microfluidic device. Lab Chip 21, 3707\u20133714 (2021).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1444_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202000295","volume":"42","author":"LK Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, L. K., Siddique, M., Wang, L. & Li, S. Mixing characteristics of a bubble mixing microfluidic chip for genomic DNA extraction based on magnetophoresis: CFD simulation and experiment. Electrophoresis 42, 2365\u20132374 (2021).","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"1444_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.1017\/flo.2025.10","volume":"5","author":"A Bakhtiari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bakhtiari, A., Schumm, B., Sch\u00f6nfelder, M. & K\u00e4hler, C. J. Investigating cell viability under shear stress in complex microstreaming flows generated by ultrasound-driven actuated microbubbles. Flow 5, E7 (2025).","journal-title":"Flow"},{"key":"1444_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Candil, M. & Luzuriaga, J. Acoustophoretic trapping of particles by bubbles in microfluidics. Front. Phys. 11, 1062433 (2023).","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2023.1062433"},{"key":"1444_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5912","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00757","volume":"9","author":"O Pattinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pattinson, O., Keller, S. B., Evans, N. D., Pierron, F. & Carugo, D. An acoustic device for ultra high-speed quantification of cell strain during cell\u2013microbubble interaction. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9, 5912\u20135923 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"1444_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061705","volume":"15","author":"A Honari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Honari, A. & Sirsi, S. R. The evolution and recent trends in acoustic targeting of encapsulated drugs to solid tumors: strategies beyond sonoporation. Pharmaceutics 15, 1705 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1243\/09544110360729072","volume":"217","author":"E Stride","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stride, E. & Saffari, N. Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents: a review. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H: J. Eng. Med. 217, 429\u2013447 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H: J. Eng. Med."},{"key":"1444_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40424a","volume":"12","author":"A Hashmi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hashmi, A., Yu, G., Reilly-Collette, M., Heiman, G. & Xu, J. Oscillating bubbles: a versatile tool for lab on a chip applications. Lab Chip 12, 4216 (2012).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1444_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2109427","volume":"118","author":"P Marmottant","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marmottant, P. et al. A model for large amplitude oscillations of coated bubbles accounting for buckling and rupture. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 3499\u20133505 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"1444_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brennen, C. E. Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics (Oxford University Press, 1995).","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195094091.001.0001"},{"key":"1444_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.03.044","volume":"333","author":"Y-J Ho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ho, Y.-J. et al. Oscillatory behavior of microbubbles impacts efficacy of cellular drug delivery. J. Control. Release 333, 316\u2013327 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"1444_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2013.10.017","volume":"21","author":"C-W Lo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lo, C.-W. et al. Stabilizing in vitro ultrasound-mediated gene transfection by regulating cavitation. Ultrason. Sonochem. 21, 833\u2013839 (2014).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.106.034301","volume":"106","author":"H Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, H., Kreider, W., Brayman, A. A., Bailey, M. R. & Matula, T. J. Blood vessel deformations on microsecond time scales by ultrasonic cavitation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 34301 (2011).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"1444_CR55","volume":"92","author":"JJ Kwan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwan, J. J. et al. Ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation from gas-stabilizing nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. E 92, 023019 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"1444_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.70372","volume":"13","author":"F Padilla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Padilla, F., Brenner, J., Prada, F. & Klibanov, A. L. Theranostics in the vasculature: bioeffects of ultrasound and microbubbles to induce vascular shutdown. Theranostics 13, 4079\u20134101 (2023).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1444_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-021-00896-5","volume":"13","author":"J Mondal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mondal, J., Lakkaraju, R., Ghosh, P. & Ashokkumar, M. Acoustic cavitation-induced shear: a mini-review. Biophys. Rev. 13, 1229\u20131243 (2021).","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2010.05.008","volume":"18","author":"TJ Mason","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mason, T. J., Cobley, A. J., Graves, J. E. & Morgan, D. New evidence for the inverse dependence of mechanical and chemical effects on the frequency of ultrasound. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18, 226\u2013230 (2011).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/22\/6941","volume":"59","author":"AN Pouliopoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pouliopoulos, A. N., Bonaccorsi, S. & Choi, J. J. Exploiting flow to control the in vitro spatiotemporal distribution of microbubble-seeded acoustic cavitation activity in ultrasound therapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 59, 6941\u20136957 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.09.017","volume":"42","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, X., Wang, J., Pacella, J. J. & Villanueva, F. S. Dynamic behavior of microbubbles during long ultrasound tone-burst excitation: mechanistic insights into ultrasound-microbubble mediated therapeutics using high-speed imaging and cavitation detection. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 42, 528\u2013538 (2016).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.02.021","volume":"231","author":"B Theek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theek, B. et al. Sonoporation enhances liposome accumulation and penetration in tumors with low EPR. J. Control. Release. J. Control. Release Soc. 231, 77\u201385 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release. J. Control. Release Soc."},{"key":"1444_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.002","volume":"46","author":"K Kooiman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kooiman, K. et al. Ultrasound-responsive cavitation nuclei for therapy and drug delivery. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 46, 1296\u20131325 (2020).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911222","volume":"23","author":"D Przystupski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Przystupski, D. & Ussowicz, M. Landscape of cellular bioeffects triggered by ultrasound-induced sonoporation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 11222 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR64","first-page":"100132","volume":"4","author":"M Eck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eck, M., Aronovich, R. & Ilovitsh, T. Efficacy optimization of low frequency microbubble-mediated sonoporation as a drug delivery platform to cancer cells. Int. J. Pharm.: X 4, 100132 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm.: X"},{"key":"1444_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14091925","volume":"14","author":"P Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinez, P., Bottenus, N. & Borden, M. Cavitation characterization of size-isolated microbubbles in a vessel phantom using focused ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 14, 1925 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112396","volume":"14","author":"R Chapla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chapla, R., Huynh, K. T. & Schutt, C. E. Microbubble\u2013nanoparticle complexes for ultrasound-enhanced cargo delivery. Pharmaceutics 14, 2396 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-020-2646-7","volume":"13","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Multifunctional oxygen-enriching nano-theranostics for cancer-specific magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced photodynamic\/photothermal therapy. Nano Res 13, 1389\u20131398 (2020).","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"1444_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anastasiadis, P., Winkles, J. A., Kim, A. J. & Woodworth, G. F. Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption for enhanced drug delivery to brain tumors. in Nanotherapy for Brain Tumor Drug Delivery (eds Agrahari, V., Kim, A. & Agrahari, V.) 205\u2013223 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-1052-7_8 (Springer US, 2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1052-7_8"},{"key":"1444_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113847","volume":"177","author":"S Snipstad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snipstad, S. et al. Ultrasound and microbubbles to beat barriers in tumors: improving delivery of nanomedicine. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 177, 113847 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081642","volume":"14","author":"J He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, J. et al. Ultrasonic microbubble cavitation enhanced tissue permeability and drug diffusion in solid tumor therapy. Pharmaceutics 14, 1642 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-014-9766-5","volume":"248","author":"T Mars","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mars, T. et al. Electrotransfection and lipofection show comparable efficiency for in vitro gene delivery of primary human myoblasts. J. Membr. Biol. 248, 273\u2013283 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.7150\/ntno.90516","volume":"8","author":"B Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin, B. et al. Ultrasound enhanced siRNA delivery using cationic liposome-microbubble complexes for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. Nanotheranostics 8, 285\u2013297 (2024).","journal-title":"Nanotheranostics"},{"key":"1444_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99171-w","volume":"15","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, T. et al. Microfluidic nanobubbles produced using a micromixer for ultrasound imaging and gene delivery. Sci. Rep. 15, 14871 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1444_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM00251A","volume":"9","author":"L Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, L. et al. An acoustic field-based conformal transfection system for improving the gene delivery efficiency. Biomater. Sci. 9, 4127\u20134138 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100033","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202100033","volume":"4","author":"N Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, N. et al. Optimization of microbubble-based DNA vaccination with low-frequency ultrasound for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Ther. 4, 2100033 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"1444_CR76","volume":"6","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. Ultrasound-microbubble cavitation facilitates adeno-associated virus mediated cochlear gene transfection across the round-window membrane. Bioeng. Transl. Med. 6, e10189 (2021).","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1444_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2023.106685","volume":"101","author":"Y Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Improving DNA vaccination performance through a new microbubble design and an optimized sonoporation protocol. Ultrason. Sonochem. 101, 106685 (2023).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c00033","volume":"8","author":"K Joshi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Joshi, K. et al. Improving the efficiency of ultrasound and microbubble mediated gene delivery by manipulation of microbubble lipid composition. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 8, 3227\u20133238 (2025).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"1444_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203082","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202203082","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. High-performance delivery of a CRISPR interference system via lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles combined with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction for tumor-specific gene repression. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12, 2203082 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"1444_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14070373","volume":"14","author":"M Kancheva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kancheva, M. et al. Bubble-based drug delivery systems: next-generation diagnosis to therapy. J. Funct. Biomater. 14, 373 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"1444_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13943","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c02303","volume":"38","author":"DVB Batchelor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batchelor, D. V. B. et al. The influence of nanobubble size and stability on ultrasound enhanced drug delivery. Langmuir 38, 13943\u201313954 (2022).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"1444_CR82","volume":"17","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction mediates gene transfection for beta-cell regeneration and glucose regulation. Small 17, 2008177 (2021).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1444_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306139","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202306139","volume":"11","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. mRNA sonotransfection of tumors with polymeric microbubbles: Co-formulation versus co-administration. Adv. Sci. 11, 2306139 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble technology facilitates SAHH gene delivery to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating AMPK pathway. iScience 27, 108852 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.108852"},{"key":"1444_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15120884","volume":"15","author":"J Yoo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoo, J., Heo, D., Hwang, Y., Kim, C. & Park, B. Ultrasound-mediated membrane modulation for biomedical applications. Nanomaterials 15, 884 (2025).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"1444_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107607","volume":"122","author":"J Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, J. et al. Ultrasound-enhanced gene transfection: vectors, methods, and biomedical applications. Ultrason. Sonochem. 122, 107607 (2025).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-018-2098-5","volume":"22","author":"O Fuchiwaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fuchiwaki, O., Tanaka, Y., Notsu, H. & Hyakutake, T. Multi-axial non-contact in situ micromanipulation by steady streaming around two oscillating cylinders on holonomic miniature robots. Microfluid. Nanofluidics 22, 80 (2018).","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluidics"},{"key":"1444_CR88","volume":"379","author":"B Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. Rotational manipulation of paramecium using a semi-capsule-shaped bubble with an adjustable volume actuated by acoustic waves. Sens. Actuators A 379, 115865 (2024).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"1444_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15040466","volume":"15","author":"Y Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Gai, J., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y. & Liu, Y. Acoustofluidic actuation of living cells. Micromachines 15, 466 (2024).","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"1444_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-023-00844-5","volume":"18","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, S. et al. Acoustic tweezers for high-throughput single-cell analysis. Nat. Protoc. 18, 2441\u20132458 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1444_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-020-0215-3","volume":"2","author":"K Dholakia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dholakia, K., Drinkwater, B. W. & Ritsch-Marte, M. Comparing acoustic and optical forces for biomedical research. Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 480\u2013491 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"1444_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11085","volume":"7","author":"D Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, D. et al. Rotational manipulation of single cells and organisms using acoustic waves. Nat. Commun. 7, 11085 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR93","volume":"3","author":"NF L\u00e4ubli","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00e4ubli, N. F. et al. 3D manipulation and imaging of plant cells using acoustically activated microbubbles. Small Methods 3, 1800527 (2019).","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"1444_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00890A","volume":"25","author":"M Ji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ji, M. et al. 3D-printed acoustic metasurface with encapsulated micro-air-bubbles for frequency-selective manipulation. Lab Chip 25, 263\u2013274 (2025).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1444_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Oscillating microbubble array\u2013based metamaterials (OMAMs) for rapid isolation of high-purity exosomes. Sci. Adv. 11, eadu8915 (2025).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu8915"},{"key":"1444_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22718-8","volume":"12","author":"NF L\u00e4ubli","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00e4ubli, N. F. et al. 3D mechanical characterization of single cells and small organisms using acoustic manipulation and force microscopy. Nat. Commun. 12, 2583 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR97","volume":"11","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. \u03bcSonic-hand: biomedical micromanipulation driven by acoustic gas-liquid-solid interactions. Sci. Adv. 11, eads8167 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1444_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4760","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00628B","volume":"21","author":"W Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Versatile acoustic manipulation of micro-objects using mode-switchable oscillating bubbles: transportation, trapping, rotation, and revolution. Lab Chip 21, 4760\u20134771 (2021).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"1444_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40387-7","volume":"14","author":"J Janiak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Janiak, J., Li, Y., Ferry, Y., Doinikov, A. A. & Ahmed, D. Acoustic microbubble propulsion, train-like assembly and cargo transport. Nat. Commun. 14, 4705 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.07.031","volume":"10","author":"T Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang, T. et al. Rotation of biological cells: fundamentals and applications. Engineering 10, 110\u2013126 (2022).","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"1444_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2024.03.020","volume":"44","author":"C Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Acoustofluidics at audible frequencies\u2014a review. Engineering 44, 51\u201372 (2025).","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"1444_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2024.103276","volume":"332","author":"W Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. Acoustofluidic precise manipulation: recent advances in applications for micro\/nano bioparticles. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 332, 103276 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6847","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c06803","volume":"97","author":"T Godary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Godary, T. et al. Acoustofluidics: technology advances and applications from 2022 to 2024. Anal. Chem. 97, 6847\u20136870 (2025).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1444_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zabihi, A., Ellouzi, C. & Shen, C. Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable acoustic metasurfaces: a review. Front. Mater. 10, 1132585 (2023).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2023.1132585"},{"key":"1444_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16050588","volume":"16","author":"H Alsadiq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alsadiq, H. & Alhay, Z. Mechanical properties of medical microbubbles and echogenic liposomes\u2014a review. Micromachines 16, 588 (2025).","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"1444_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34167-y","volume":"13","author":"J Durrer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Durrer, J. et al. A robot-assisted acoustofluidic end effector. Nat. Commun. 13, 6370 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomas, G., Burnham, N. A., Camesano, T. A. & Wen, Q. Measuring the mechanical properties of living cells using atomic force microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. e50497 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/50497 (2013).","DOI":"10.3791\/50497"},{"key":"1444_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133285","volume":"15","author":"J Najera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Najera, J., Rosenberger, M. R. & Datta, M. Atomic force microscopy methods to measure tumor mechanical properties. Cancers 15, 3285 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1444_CR109","volume":"14","author":"Z Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan, Z. et al. Acoustic actuation of integrin-bound microbubbles for mechanical phenotyping during differentiation and morphogenesis of human embryonic stem cells. Small 14, 1803137 (2018).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1444_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.07.037","volume":"238","author":"R Tom van","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tom van, R. et al. Viability of endothelial cells after ultrasound-mediated sonoporation: Influence of targeting, oscillation, and displacement of microbubbles. J. Control. Release 238, 197\u2013211 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"1444_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201502220","volume":"12","author":"Y Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie, Y. et al. Probing cell deformability via acoustically actuated bubbles. Small 12, 902\u2013910 (2016).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1444_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.017","volume":"155","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Cell mechanical responses to subcellular perturbations generated by ultrasound and targeted microbubbles. Acta Biomater. 155, 471\u2013481 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"1444_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11121266","volume":"11","author":"Y Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin, Y. & Liu, Z. Microfluidic technology for measuring mechanical properties of single cells and its application. Bioengineering 11, 1266 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"1444_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.116958","volume":"160","author":"W Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Z. & Duan, X. Microscale acoustic streaming for biomedical and bioanalytical applications. TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 160, 116958 (2023).","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1444_CR115","volume":"17","author":"S Berg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berg, S., Eggen, S., Caidahl, K., D\u00e4hne, L. & Hansen, R. A multi-pulse ultrasound technique for imaging of thick-shelled microbubbles demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. PLoS ONE 17, e0276292 (2022).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1444_CR116","volume":"18","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Ultrasound molecular imaging for multiple biomarkers by serial collapse of targeting microbubbles with distinct acoustic pressures. Small 18, 2108040 (2022).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1444_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7290.2013.52","DOI":"10.2310\/7290.2013.00052","volume":"12","author":"MA Borden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borden, M. A., Streeter, J. E., Sirsi, S. R. & Dayton, P. A. In vivo demonstration of cancer molecular imaging with ultrasound radiation force and buried-ligand microbubbles. Mol. Imag. 12, 7290.2013.52 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Imag."},{"key":"1444_CR118","volume":"27","author":"AL Emanuel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emanuel, A. L. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for quantification of tissue perfusion in humans. Microcirculation 27, e12588 (2019).","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"1444_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91252-w","volume":"11","author":"F Prada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prada, F. et al. Quantitative analysis of in-vivo microbubble distribution in the human brain. Sci. Rep. 11, 11797 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1444_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05080-1","volume":"51","author":"A Sridharan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sridharan, A. et al. Ultrasound contrast agents: microbubbles made simple for the pediatric radiologist. Pediatr. Radiol. 51, 2117\u20132127 (2021).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"1444_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demeulenaere, O. et al. In vivo whole brain microvascular imaging in mice using transcranial 3D ultrasound localization microscopy. Ebiomedicine 79, 103995 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103995"},{"key":"1444_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-024-01206-6","volume":"8","author":"J Yan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yan, J. et al. Transthoracic ultrasound localization microscopy of myocardial vasculature in patients. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 8, 689\u2013700 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng"},{"key":"1444_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooley, M. B. et al. Assessing therapeutic nanoparticle accumulation in tumors using nanobubble-based contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. ACS Nano 18, 33181\u201333196 (2024).","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11805"},{"key":"1444_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15957-8","volume":"11","author":"DG Ramirez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramirez, D. G. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with sub-micron sized contrast agents detects insulitis in mouse models of type1 diabetes. Nat. Commun. 11, 2238 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2024.3364076","volume":"43","author":"D Wegierak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wegierak, D. et al. Decorrelation time mapping as an analysis tool for nanobubble-based contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 43, 2370\u20132380 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"1444_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2025.07.002","volume":"55","author":"SH Chandrashekhara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chandrashekhara, S. H., Sai Sangeetha, P. & Triveni, G. S. Unique ultrasound contrast agent-coated needle biopsy technique in oncology patients. Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radio. 55, 682\u2013687, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2025.07.002 (2025).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radio."},{"key":"1444_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37680-w","volume":"14","author":"S Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, S. et al. Hybrid photoacoustic and fast super-resolution ultrasound imaging. Nat. Commun. 14, 2191 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13722-9","volume":"15","author":"M Mokhlesabadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mokhlesabadi, M., Charron, D. M., Hawkins, C. & O\u2019Reilly, M. A. Comparative effects of focused ultrasound and microbubbles on healthy and tumor bearing rat spinal cord. Sci. Rep. 15, 31838 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1444_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fisher, D. G. et al. Focused ultrasound-microbubble treatment arrests the growth and formation of cerebral cavernous malformations. Nat. Biomed. Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41551-025-01390-z (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01390-z"},{"key":"1444_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030480","volume":"14","author":"S Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, S., Zhao, P., Deng, Y. & Liu, Y. Mechanistic insights and therapeutic delivery through micro\/nanobubble-assisted ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 14, 480 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1444_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.37593","volume":"10","author":"L Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan, L. et al. Micro\/nano-bubble-assisted ultrasound to enhance the EPR effect and potential theranostic applications. Theranostics 10, 462\u2013483 (2020).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1444_CR132","volume":"122","author":"W Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. Precise antibody delivery to the brain via nanobubble-actuated focused ultrasound alleviates depression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 122, e2421800122 (2025).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411092","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202411092","volume":"37","author":"G Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, G. et al. Transcytosable and ultrasound-activated liposome enables deep penetration of biofilm for surgical site infection management. Adv. Mater. 37, 2411092 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"1444_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45270","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c06779","volume":"9","author":"J Fox","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fox, J., Batchelor, D. V. B., Coletta, P. L., Valleley, E. M. A. & Evans, S. D. Microbubble enhanced delivery of vitamin C for treatment of colorectal cancer. ACS Omega 9, 45270\u201345278 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1444_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.01.028","volume":"367","author":"P Nittayacharn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nittayacharn, P. et al. Efficient ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to orthotopic liver tumors \u2013 direct comparison of doxorubicin-loaded nanobubbles and microbubbles. J. Control. Release 367, 135\u2013147 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"1444_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125521","volume":"675","author":"G Rastegar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rastegar, G., Salman, M. M. & Sirsi, S. R. Oxygen sensitive drug release using hemoglobin microbubbles: a new approach to targeting hypoxia in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 675, 125521 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"1444_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-025-02785-0","volume":"21","author":"M Cattaneo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cattaneo, M. et al. Cyclic jetting enables microbubble-mediated drug delivery. Nat. Phys. 21, 590\u2013598 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"1444_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403889","volume":"27","author":"H-Y Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang, H.-Y. et al. A multitheragnostic nanobubble system to induce blood\u2013brain barrier disruption with magnetically guided focused ultrasound. Adv. Mater. 27, 655\u2013661 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"1444_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21097","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c05517","volume":"13","author":"H Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Instant ultrasound-evoked precise nanobubble explosion and deep photodynamic therapy for tumors guided by molecular imaging. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 21097\u201321107 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"1444_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20568-y","volume":"12","author":"C-Y Chien","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chien, C.-Y., Xu, L., Pacia, C. P., Yue, Y. & Chen, H. Blood\u2013brain barrier opening in a large animal model using closed-loop microbubble cavitation-based feedback control of focused ultrasound sonication. Sci. Rep. 12, 16147 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1444_CR141","volume":"13","author":"MOD Aguiar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguiar, M. O. D. et al. Sonothrombolysis improves myocardial dynamics and microvascular obstruction preventing left ventricular remodeling in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 13, e009536 (2020).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"1444_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-024-03609-7","volume":"53","author":"Y Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie, Y. et al. Sonothrombolysis using microfluidically produced microbubbles in a murine model of deep vein thrombosis. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 53, 109\u2013119 (2025).","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1444_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202281","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202202281","volume":"12","author":"Y Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan, Y. et al. Nanodroplet-coated microbubbles used in sonothrombolysis with two-step cavitation strategy. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12, 2202281 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"1444_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012056","volume":"47","author":"Y Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu, Y. et al. Microbubble-mediated sonothrombolysis improves outcome after thrombotic microembolism-induced acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 47, 1344\u20131353 (2016).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1444_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2021.05.030","volume":"62","author":"SAN Doelare","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doelare, S. A. N. et al. Microbubbles and ultrasound accelerated thrombolysis for peripheral arterial occlusions: the outcomes of a single arm phase II trial. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 62, 463\u2013468 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"1444_CR146","first-page":"104174","volume":"30","author":"K Brush","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brush, K. et al. First-in-human experience of targeted coronary sonothrombolysis. JACC: Case Rep. 30, 104174 (2025).","journal-title":"JACC: Case Rep."},{"key":"1444_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69202-9","volume":"10","author":"L Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan, L. et al. A thrombolytic therapy using diagnostic ultrasound combined with RGDS-targeted microbubbles and urokinase in a rabbit model. Sci. Rep. 10, 12511 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1444_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Targeted microbubbles combined with low-power focused ultrasound promote the thrombolysis of acute deep vein thrombosis. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 11, 1163405 (2023).","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1163405"},{"key":"1444_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400541","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202400541","volume":"6","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Low-intensity focused ultrasound-responsive nanobubbles enhance thrombus targeting and penetration for highly effective thrombolytic therapy. Small Struct. 6, 2400541 (2025).","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"key":"1444_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12060612","volume":"12","author":"P Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, P., Huang, W., Xu, J., Shao, W. & Cui, Y. Efficacy estimation of microbubble-assisted local sonothrombolysis using a catheter with a series of miniature transducers. Micromachines 12, 612 (2021).","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"1444_CR151","volume":"6","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Accelerating thrombolysis using a precision and clot-penetrating drug delivery strategy by nanoparticle-shelled microbubbles. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz8204 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1444_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201291","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201291","volume":"9","author":"X Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, X. et al. Interventional microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis on left ventricular assist devices. Adv. Sci. 9, 2201291 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2021.101463","volume":"54","author":"AA Exner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Exner, A. A. & Kolios, M. C. Bursting microbubbles: how nanobubble contrast agents can enable the future of medical ultrasound molecular imaging and image-guided therapy. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 54, 101463 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"1444_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122025","volume":"294","author":"L Fournier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fournier, L., de La Taille, T. & Chauvierre, C. Microbubbles for human diagnosis and therapy. Biomaterials 294, 122025 (2023).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1444_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2023.106291","volume":"93","author":"X Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Wright, A. & Goertz, D. E. An optical and acoustic investigation of microbubble cavitation in small channels under therapeutic ultrasound conditions. Ultrason. Sonochem. 93, 106291 (2023).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9760","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c01209","volume":"93","author":"NF L\u00e4ubli","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00e4ubli, N. F. et al. Embedded microbubbles for acoustic manipulation of single cells and microfluidic applications. Anal. Chem. 93, 9760\u20139770 (2021).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1444_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, E. et al. ITRUSST consensus on standardised reporting for transcranial ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul. 17, 607\u2013615 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.04.013"},{"key":"1444_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9867230","DOI":"10.34133\/2022\/9867230","volume":"2022","author":"C-Y Chien","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chien, C.-Y., Yang, Y., Gong, Y., Yue, Y. & Chen, H. Blood-brain barrier opening by individualized closed-loop feedback control of focused ultrasound. BME Front 2022, 9867230 (2022).","journal-title":"BME Front"},{"key":"1444_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45012","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aafaa5","volume":"64","author":"M \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu, M. et al. Closed-loop cavitation control for focused ultrasound-mediated blood\u2013brain barrier opening by long-circulating microbubbles. Phys. Med. Biol. 64, 45012 (2019).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"1444_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0251","volume":"6","author":"Z Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Wang, X., Cao, Y., Zhang, W. & Xu, Q. Robotic ultrasound scanning end-effector with adjustable constant contact force. Cyborg Bionic Syst. 6, 251 (2025).","journal-title":"Cyborg Bionic Syst."},{"key":"1444_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107273","volume":"114","author":"C-H Fan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan, C.-H., Huang, E., Lo, W.-C. & Yeh, C.-K. Ultrasound-cavitation-enhanced drug delivery via microbubble clustering induced by acoustic vortex tweezers. Ultrason. Sonochem. 114, 107273 (2025).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11121224","volume":"11","author":"SL Harpster","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harpster, S. L., Pi\u00f1eiro, A. M. & Wong, J. Y. Methods for rapid characterization of tunable microbubble formulations. Bioengineering 11, 1224 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"1444_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15121531","volume":"15","author":"R Ning","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ning, R., Acree, B., Wu, M. & Gao, Y. Microfluidic monodispersed microbubble generation for production of cavitation nuclei. Micromachines 15, 1531 (2024).","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"1444_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodworth, G. F. et al. Acoustic emissions dose and spatial control of blood-brain barrier opening with focused ultrasound. Device 3, 100894 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2025.100894"},{"key":"1444_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b21-00453","volume":"44","author":"D Omata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omata, D., Munakata, L., Maruyama, K. & Suzuki, R. Enhanced vascular permeability by microbubbles and ultrasound in drug delivery. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 44, 1391\u20131398 (2021).","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"1444_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.07.013","volume":"17","author":"R Beisteiner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beisteiner, R., Lozano, A., Di Lazzaro, V., George, M. S. & Hallett, M. Clinical recommendations for non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation. Brain Stimul. 17, 890\u2013895 (2024).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"1444_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlb.2024.100277","volume":"6","author":"M Izhar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Izhar, M., Thakur, A., Park, D. J. & Chang, S. D. Ultrasound mediated blood-brain barrier opening increases brain tumor biomarkers: a review of preclinical and clinical trials. J. Liq. Biopsy 6, 100277 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Liq. Biopsy"},{"key":"1444_CR168","volume":"36","author":"F Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou, F., Luo, Y., Zhuang, W. & Xu, T. A fully integrated conformal wearable ultrasound patch for continuous sonodynamic therapy. Adv. Mater. 36, 2409528 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater"},{"key":"1444_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-02076-y","volume":"128","author":"S Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction remodels tumour microenvironment to improve immunotherapeutic effect. Br. J. Cancer 128, 715\u2013725 (2023).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1444_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.106103","volume":"88","author":"Y Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Hu, J., Lei, W. & Qian, S. Prediction of vascular injury by cavitation microbubbles in a focused ultrasound field. Ultrason. Sonochem. 88, 106103 (2022).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"1444_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.08.012","volume":"18","author":"B Davidson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Davidson, B. et al. A roadmap for focused ultrasound applications in psychiatry: proceedings of the 2024 symposium on focused ultrasound in psychiatry (FUS-PULSE). Brain Stimul. 18, 1651\u20131662 (2025).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"1444_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stride, E. P. & Coussios, C. C. Cavitation and contrast: the use of bubbles in ultrasound imaging and therapy. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H 224, 171\u2013191 (2010).","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM622"},{"key":"1444_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Controllable acoustofluidic rotation and three-dimensional reconstruction of single cells. In Proc. IEEE 20th International Conference on Nano\/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS) 82\u201387 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NEMS67320.2025.11169924 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/NEMS67320.2025.11169924"},{"key":"1444_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, C. et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of early embryos based on controllable acoustofluidic rotation. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS) 212\u2013217 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CBS65871.2025.11267525 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/CBS65871.2025.11267525"},{"key":"1444_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zuo, Z. et al. Acoustically driven micropipette for hydrodynamic manipulation of mouse oocytes. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 17757\u201317762 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610242 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610242"},{"key":"1444_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6273","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00925","volume":"9","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Acoustofluidic engineering of functional vessel-on-a-chip. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9, 6273\u20136281 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"1444_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0217","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Structural optimization of microfluidic chips for enhancing droplet manipulation and observation via electrodynamics simulation. Cyborg Bionic Syst. 6, 217 (2025).","journal-title":"Cyborg Bionic Syst."},{"key":"1444_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.02.015","volume":"172","author":"J Deprez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deprez, J., Lajoinie, G., Engelen, Y., De Smedt, S. C. & Lentacker, I. Opening doors with ultrasound and microbubbles: beating biological barriers to promote drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 172, 9\u201336 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46461-y","volume":"15","author":"X Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou, X. et al. Nanobubble-actuated ultrasound neuromodulation for selectively shaping behavior in mice. Nat. Commun. 15, 2253 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1444_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2013.11.008","volume":"72","author":"I Lentacker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lentacker, I. et al. Understanding ultrasound induced sonoporation: definitions and underlying mechanisms \u2606. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 72, 49\u201364 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"1444_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5120","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601760","volume":"12","author":"A \u00d6z\u00e7elik","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik, A. et al. Acoustofluidic rotational manipulation of cells and organisms using oscillating solid structures. Small 12, 5120\u20135125 (2016).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1444_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1326","volume":"7","author":"RH Perera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perera, R. H. et al. Ultrasound imaging beyond the vasculature with new generation contrast agents. WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnology 7, 593\u2013608 (2015).","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"1444_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.111973","volume":"306","author":"J Jeong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeong, J., Jang, D., Kim, D., Lee, D. & Chung, S. K. Acoustic bubble-based drug manipulation: carrying, releasing and penetrating for targeted drug delivery using an electromagnetically actuated microrobot. Sens. Actuators, A 306, 111973 (2020).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"key":"1444_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00418-z","volume":"17","author":"Y Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng, Y., Hynynen, K. & Lipsman, N. Applications of focused ultrasound in the brain: from thermoablation to drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 17, 7\u201322 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Microsystems & Nanoengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01444-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01444-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01444-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:11:31Z","timestamp":1792012291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41378-026-01444-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":184,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41378-026-01444-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"347"}}