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We performed two categorical network meta-analyses. The first included monotherapy studies and studies in which the two drugs used were specified (i.e., aripiprazole, aripiprazole once monthly, aripiprazole+lamotrigine, aripiprazole+valproate, asenapine, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lamotrigine+valproate, lithium, lithium+oxcarbazepine, lithium+valproate, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone long-acting injection, valproate, and placebo). The second included studies on second-generation antipsychotic combination therapies (SGAs) (i.e., aripiprazole, lurasidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone) with lithium or valproate (LIT\/VAL) compared with placebo with LIT\/VAL. Outcomes were recurrence\/relapse rate of any mood episode (RR-any, primary), depressive episode (RR-dep) and manic\/hypomanic\/mixed episode (RR-mania), discontinuation, mortality, and individual adverse events. Risk ratios and 95% credible interval were calculated. Forty-one randomized controlled trials were identified (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099821; mean study duration, 70.5\u2009\u00b1\u200936.6 weeks; percent female, 54.1%; mean age, 40.7 years). All active treatments other than carbamazepine, lamotrigine+valproate (no data) and paliperidone outperformed the placebo for RR-any. Aripiprazole+valproate, lamotrigine, lamotrigine+valproate, lithium, olanzapine, and quetiapine outperformed placebo for RR-dep. All active treatments, other than aripiprazole+valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and lamotrigine+valproate, outperformed placebo for RR-mania. Asenapine, lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine, and valproate outperformed placebo for all-cause discontinuation. All SGAs+LIT\/VALs other than olanzapine+LIT\/VAL outperformed placebo+LIT\/VAL for RR-any. Lurasidone+LIT\/VAL and quetiapine+LIT\/VAL outperformed placebo+LIT\/VAL for RR-dep. Aripiprazole+LIT\/VAL and quetiapine+LIT\/VAL outperformed placebo+LIT\/VAL for RR-mania. Lurasidone+LIT\/VAL and quetiapine+LIT\/VAL outperformed placebo+LIT\/VAL for all-cause discontinuation. Treatment efficacy, tolerability, and safety profiles differed among treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00946-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T09:03:14Z","timestamp":1605085394000},"page":"4146-4157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Mood stabilizers and\/or antipsychotics for bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9237-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Kishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Ikuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Okuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3189-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nakao","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"946_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DSM\u20135. 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Interests from the past three years are as follows. Dr. Kishi received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon Sumitomo, Eisai, Janssen, Otsuka, Meiji, Mochida, MSD, and Tanabe-Mitsubishi (Yoshitomi); as well as research grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare\u3000(H29-Seishin-Ippan-001, 19GC1012), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), and Fujita Health University School of Medicine. Dr. Ikuta has no conflicts of interest with any company. Dr. Matsuda has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo, Janssen, Kyowa, Otsuka, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, and Yoshitomi. Dr. Sakuma has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, Kissei, Meiji, Otsuka, and Torii; and has received a Fujita Health University School of Medicine research grant, as well as a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B). Dr. Okuya has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Meiji. Dr. Mishima received research support from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (H29-Seishin-Ippan-001, 19GC1012) and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Collaborative research fund with Taisho; as well as speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, MSD, Takeda, Astellas, Pfizer, Otsuka, Mochida, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Yoshitomi, and Janssen; and research grants from Eisai, Nobelpharma, Otsuka, and Takeda. Dr. Iwata received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Yoshitomi, Otsuka, Takeda, Meiji, and Pfizer; along with research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda, Dainippon Sumitomo Eisai, Meiji Tanabe-Mitsubishi and Otsuka.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}