{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:10:50Z","timestamp":1790032250241,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010248","name":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Foundation Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Foundation Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000618","name":"Foulkes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS079788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS079788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB019483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB019483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 MH086984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 MH086984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDDRC U54 HD090255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDDRC U54 HD090255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10 OD025111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD025111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NARSAD Distinguished Investigator award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NARSAD Distinguished Investigator award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychiatry is undergoing a paradigm shift from the acceptance of distinct diagnoses to a representation of psychiatric illness that crosses diagnostic boundaries. How this transition is supported by a shared neurobiology remains largely unknown. In this study, we first identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psychiatric disorders based on 136 genome-wide association studies. We then conduct a joint analysis of these SNPs and brain structural connectomes in 678 healthy children in the PING study. We discovered a strong, robust, and transdiagnostic mode of genome\u2013connectome covariation which is positively and specifically correlated with genetic risk for psychiatric illness at the level of individual SNPs. Similarly, this mode is also significantly positively correlated with polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, a combined bipolar disorder-schizophrenia phenotype, and a broader cross-disorder phenotype, and significantly negatively correlated with a polygenic risk score for educational attainment. The resulting \u201cvulnerability network\u201d is shown to mediate the influence of genetic risks onto behaviors related to psychiatric vulnerability (e.g., marijuana, alcohol, and caffeine misuse, perceived stress, and impulsive behavior). Its anatomy overlaps with the default-mode network, with a network of cognitive control, and with the occipital cortex. These findings suggest that the brain vulnerability network represents an endophenotype funneling genetic risks for various psychiatric illnesses through a common neurobiological root. It may form part of the neural underpinning of the well-recognized but poorly explained overlap and comorbidity between psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0723-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T01:02:21Z","timestamp":1588726941000},"page":"2089-2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A structural brain network of genetic vulnerability to psychiatric illness"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Taquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8166-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Prohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurriaan M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7659-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon K.","family":"Warfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-1126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379","volume":"167","author":"T Insel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Insel T, Cuthbert B, Garvey M, Heinssen R, Pine DS, Quinn K, et al. Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:748\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:617\u201327.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Plana-Ripoll O, Pedersen CB, Holtz Y, Benros ME, Dalsgaard S, de Jonge P, et al. Exploring comorbidity within mental disorders among a Danish national population. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3658.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3658"},{"key":"723_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473","volume":"2","author":"A Caspi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caspi A, Houts RM, Belsky DW, Goldman-Mellor SJ, Harrington H, Israel S, et al. The p factor: one general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clin Psychol Sci. 2014;2:119\u201337.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaap8757","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap8757","volume":"360","author":"V Anttila","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila V, Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Walters RK, Bras J, et al. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science. 2018;360:eaap8757.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.105","volume":"17","author":"S Kapur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kapur S, Phillips AG, Insel TR. Why has it taken so long for biological psychiatry to develop clinical tests and what to do about it? Mol Psychiatry. 2012;17:1174.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-126","volume":"11","author":"BN Cuthbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cuthbert BN, Insel TR. Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Med. 2013;11:126.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.002","volume":"74","author":"JW Buckholtz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buckholtz JW, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Psychopathology and the human connectome: toward a transdiagnostic model of risk for mental illness. Neuron. 2012;74:990\u20131004.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16040400","volume":"174","author":"LM McTeague","year":"2017","unstructured":"McTeague LM, Huemer J, Carreon DM, Jiang Y, Eickhoff SB, Etkin A. Identification of common neural circuit disruptions in cognitive control across psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:676\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206","volume":"72","author":"M Goodkind","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goodkind M, Eickhoff SB, Oathes DJ, Jiang Y, Chang A, Jones-Hagata LB, et al. Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:305\u201315.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820780116","volume":"116","author":"JT Baker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baker JT, Dillon DG, Patrick LM, Roffman JL, Brady RO Jr, Pizzagalli DA, et al. Functional connectomics of affective and psychotic pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:9050\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4277","volume":"75","author":"D Aln\u00e6s","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aln\u00e6s D, Kaufmann T, Doan NT, C\u00f3rdova-Palomera A, Wang Y, Bettella F, et al. Association of heritable cognitive ability and psychopathology with white matter properties in children and adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75:287\u201395.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0177-6","volume":"20","author":"MP van den Heuvel","year":"2019","unstructured":"van den Heuvel MP, Sporns O. A cross-disorder connectome landscape of brain dysconnectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019;20:435\u201346.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.06.013","volume":"82","author":"G Collin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Collin G, Scholtens LH, Kahn RS, Hillegers MHJ, van den Heuvel MP. Affected anatomical rich club and structural\u2013functional coupling in young offspring of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82:746\u201355.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR15","first-page":"583","volume":"43","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmidt A, Crossley NA, Harrisberger F, Smieskova R, Lenz C, Riecher-R\u00f6ssler A, et al. Structural network disorganization in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2017;43:583\u201391.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.057","volume":"124","author":"TL Jernigan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jernigan TL, Brown TT, Hagler DJ Jr, Akshoomoff N, Bartsch H, Newman E, et al. The pediatric imaging, neurocognition, and genetics (PING) data repository. Neuroimage. 2016;124:1149\u201354.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42140","volume":"7","author":"LM Reus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reus LM, Shen X, Gibson J, Wigmore E, Ligthart L, Adams MJ, et al. Association of polygenic risk for major psychiatric illness with subcortical volumes and white matter integrity in UK Biobank. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42140.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"723_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4125","volume":"18","author":"SM Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith SM, Nichols TE, Vidaurre D, Winkler AM, Behrens TEJ, Glasser MF, et al. A positive-negative mode of population covariation links brain connectivity, demographics and behavior. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:1565\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3983","volume":"18","author":"KG Noble","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noble KG, Houston SM, Brito NH, Bartsch H, Kan E, Kuperman JM, et al. Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:773\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D896","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1133","volume":"45","author":"J MacArthur","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacArthur J, Bowler E, Cerezo M, Gil L, Hall P, Hastings E, et al. The new NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS Catalog). Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45:D896\u2013901.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn564","volume":"24","author":"AD Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson AD, Handsaker RE, Pulit SL, Nizzari MM, O\u2019Donnell CJ, de Bakker PIW. SNAP: a web-based tool for identification and annotation of proxy SNPs using HapMap. Bioinformatics. 2008;24:2938\u20139.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"723_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr193","volume":"174","author":"CM Hamilton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamilton CM, Strader LC, Pratt JG, Maiese D, Hendershot T, Kwok RK, et al. The PhenX Toolkit: get the most from your measures. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2015.10.004","volume":"26","author":"M Taquet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taquet M, Scherrer B, Boumal N, Peters JM, Macq B, Warfield SK. Improved fidelity of brain microstructure mapping from single-shell diffusion MRI. Med Image Anal. 2015;26:268\u201386.","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"723_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.04.074","volume":"98","author":"G Girard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Girard G, Whittingstall K, Deriche R, Descoteaux M. Towards quantitative connectivity analysis: reducing tractography biases. Neuroimage. 2014;98:266\u201378.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.036","volume":"169","author":"E St-Onge","year":"2018","unstructured":"St-Onge E, Daducci A, Girard G, Descoteaux M. Surface-enhanced tractography (SET). Neuroimage. 2018;169:524\u201339.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"723_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2289381","volume":"33","author":"M Taquet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taquet M, Scherrer B, Commowick O, Peters JM, Sahin M, Macq B, et al. A mathematical framework for the registration and analysis of multi-fascicle models for population studies of the brain microstructure. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2014;33:504\u201317.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2011.08.016","volume":"19","author":"JM Peters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters JM, Sahin M, Vogel-Farley VK, Jeste SS, Nelson CA 3rd, Gregas MC, et al. Loss of white matter microstructural integrity is associated with adverse neurological outcome in tuberous sclerosis complex. Acad Radiol. 2012;19:17\u201325.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"723_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10102","volume":"18","author":"M Lazar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lazar M, Weinstein DM, Tsuruda JS, Hasan KM, Arfanakis K, Meyerand ME, et al. White matter tractography using diffusion tensor deflection. Hum Brain Mapp. 2003;18:306\u201321.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2266258","volume":"32","author":"A Akhondi-Asl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akhondi-Asl A, Warfield SK. Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation through fusion of probabilistic segmentations. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2013;32:1840\u201352.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12483","volume":"28","author":"C Velasco-Annis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Velasco-Annis C, Akhondi-Asl A, Stamm A, Warfield SK. Reproducibility of Brain MRI segmentation algorithms: empirical comparison of local MAP PSTAPLE, FreeSurfer, and FSL-FIRST. J Neuroimaging. 2018;28:162\u201372.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.033","volume":"54","author":"V Fonov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fonov V, Evans AC, Botteron K, Almli CR, McKinstry RC, Collins DL, et al. Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. Neuroimage. 2011;54:313\u201327.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"723_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/28.3-4.321","volume":"28","author":"H Hotelling","year":"1936","unstructured":"Hotelling H. Relations between two sets of variates. Biometrika. 1936;28:321\u201377.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"723_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D183","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1138","volume":"45","author":"H Mi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mi H, Huang X, Muruganujan A, Tang H, Mills C, Kang D, et al. PANTHER version 11: expanded annotation data from gene ontology and reactome pathways, and data analysis tool enhancements. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45:D183\u20139.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"723_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.12.015","volume":"86","author":"AR Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin AR, Daly MJ, Robinson EB, Hyman SE, Neale BM. Predicting polygenic risk of psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;86:97\u2013109.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7","volume":"22","author":"DM Howard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howard DM, Adams MJ, Clarke T-K, Hafferty JD, Gibson J, Shirali M, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22:343\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0397-8","volume":"51","author":"EA Stahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stahl EA, Breen G, Forstner AJ, McQuillin A, Ripke S, Trubetskoy V, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51:793\u2013803.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"723_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","volume":"511","author":"S Ripke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JTR, Farh K-H, Holmans PA, et al. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature. 2014;511:421\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"723_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0275-1","volume":"21","author":"RK Walters","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walters RK, Polimanti R, Johnson EC, McClintick JN, Adams MJ, Adkins AE, et al. Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21:1656\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","volume":"51","author":"J Grove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grove J, Ripke S, Als TD, Mattheisen M, Walters RK, Won H, et al. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51:431\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"723_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0439-2","volume":"51","author":"HJ Watson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson HJ, Yilmaz Z, Thornton LM, H\u00fcbel C, Coleman JRI, Gaspar HA, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa. Nat Genet. 2019;51:1207\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"723_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0269-7","volume":"51","author":"D Demontis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demontis D, Walters RK, Martin J, Mattheisen M, Als TD, Agerbo E, et al. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51:63\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"723_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.046","volume":"173","author":"Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genomic dissection of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, including 28 subphenotypes. Cell. 2018;173:1705\u201315.e16.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"723_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62129-1","volume":"381","author":"Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysis. Lancet. 2013;381:1371\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"723_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0147-3","volume":"50","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Wedow R, Okbay A, Kong E, Maghzian O, Zacher M, et al. Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals. Nat Genet. 2018;50:1112\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"723_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"giz082","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz082","volume":"8","author":"SW Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi SW, O\u2019Reilly PF. PRSice-2: Polygenic Risk Score software for biobank-scale data. Gigascience. 2019;8:giz082.","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"723_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986025001060","volume":"25","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. On the adaptive control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing with independent statistics. J Educ Behav Stat. 2000;25:60\u201383.","journal-title":"J Educ Behav Stat"},{"key":"723_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00032","volume":"5","author":"H Dai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dai H, Leeder JS, Cui Y. A modified generalized Fisher method for combining probabilities from dependent tests. Front Genet. 2014;5:32.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"723_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosseel Y. lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012;48:1\u201336.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"723_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"723_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.09.498","volume":"55","author":"A Neumann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neumann A, Pappa I, Lahey BB, Verhulst FC, Medina-Gomez C, Jaddoe VW. et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of a general psychopathology factor in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55:1038\u201345.e4.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.03.012","author":"ML Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott ML, Romer A, Knodt AR, Hariri AR. A connectome-wide functional signature of transdiagnostic risk for mental illness. Biol Psychiatry 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.03.012.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.57","volume":"23","author":"AL Romer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romer AL, Knodt AR, Houts R, Brigidi BD, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, et al. Structural alterations within cerebellar circuitry are associated with general liability for common mental disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23:1084\u201390.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238411","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1238411","volume":"342","author":"H-J Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park H-J, Friston K. Structural and functional brain networks: from connections to cognition. Science. 2013;342:1238411.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"723_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.8","volume":"15","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Neale MC. Endophenotype: a conceptual analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15:789\u201397.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002068","volume":"12","author":"JTR Walters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walters JTR, Owen MJ. Endophenotypes in psychiatric genetics. Mol Psychiatry. 2007;12:886\u201390.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000506","volume":"44","author":"F Benedetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benedetti F, Bollettini I, Radaelli D, Poletti S, Locatelli C, Falini A, et al. Adverse childhood experiences influence white matter microstructure in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med. 2014;44:3069\u201382.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"723_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw080","volume":"11","author":"MJ Rodrigo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodrigo MJ, Le\u00f3n I, G\u00f3ngora D, Hern\u00e1ndez-Cabrera JA, Byrne S, Bobes MA. Inferior fronto-temporo-occipital connectivity: a missing link between maltreated girls and neglectful mothers. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2016;11:1658\u201365.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12069","volume":"84","author":"JL Hanson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hanson JL, Adluru N, Chung MK, Alexander AL, Davidson RJ, Pollak SD. Early neglect is associated with alterations in white matter integrity and cognitive functioning. Child Dev. 2013;84:1566\u201378.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"723_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.170","volume":"23","author":"S Kelly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kelly S, Jahanshad N, Zalesky A, Kochunov P, Agartz I, Alloza C, et al. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23:1261\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.110180","volume":"38","author":"Y Liao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liao Y, Huang X, Wu Q, Yang C, Kuang W, Du M, et al. Is depression a disconnection syndrome? Meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in patients with MDD. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2013;38:49\u201356.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"723_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.004","volume":"79","author":"T Wise","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wise T, Radua J, Nortje G, Cleare AJ, Young AH, Arnone D. Voxel-based meta-analytical evidence of structural disconnectivity in major depression and bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79:293\u2013302.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"723_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.247","volume":"42","author":"Q Gong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gong Q, Hu X, Pettersson-Yeo W, Xu X, Lui S, Crossley N, et al. Network-level dysconnectivity in drug-na\u00efve first-episode psychosis: dissociating transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific alterations. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42:933\u201340.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"723_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034","volume":"166","author":"F Alfaro-Almagro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alfaro-Almagro F, Jenkinson M, Bangerter NK, Andersson JLR, Griffanti L, Douaud G, et al. Image processing and Quality Control for the first 10,000 brain imaging datasets from UK Biobank. Neuroimage. 2018;166:400\u201324.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"723_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0571-7","volume":"562","author":"LT Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott LT, Sharp K, Alfaro-Almagro F, Shi S, Miller KL, Douaud G, et al. Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank. Nature. 2018;562:210\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-020-0723-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-020-0723-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-020-0723-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T03:33:10Z","timestamp":1631676790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-020-0723-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-020-0723-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}