{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:06:32Z","timestamp":1788303992925,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408885537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408885537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408885537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408885537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408885537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408885537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005984","name":"Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005984","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ERC Advanced Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Encephalitis has an estimated prevalence of \u22640.01%. Even with extensive diagnostic work-up, an infectious etiology is identified or suspected in &lt;50% of cases, suggesting a role for etiologically unclear, noninfectious processes. Mild encephalitis runs frequently unnoticed, despite slight neuroinflammation detectable postmortem in many neuropsychiatric illnesses. A widely unexplored field in humans, though clearly documented in rodents, is genetic brain inflammation, particularly that associated with myelin abnormalities, inducing primary white matter encephalitis. We hypothesized that \u201cautoimmune encephalitides\u201d may result from any brain inflammation concurring with the presence of brain antigen-directed autoantibodies, e.g., against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), which are not causal of, but may considerably shape the encephalitis phenotype. We therefore immunized young female <jats:italic>Cnp<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice lacking the structural myelin protein 2\u2032-3\u2032-cyclic nucleotide 3\u2032-phosphodiesterase (Cnp) with a \u201ccocktail\u201d of NMDAR1 peptides. <jats:italic>Cnp<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice exhibit early low-grade inflammation of white matter tracts and blood\u2013brain barrier disruption. Our novel mental-time-travel test disclosed that <jats:italic>Cnp<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice are compromised in what\u2013where\u2013when orientation, but this episodic memory readout was not further deteriorated by NMDAR1-AB. In contrast, comparing wild-type and <jats:italic>Cnp<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice without\/with NMDAR1-AB regarding hippocampal learning\/memory and motor balance\/coordination revealed distinct stair patterns of behavioral pathology. To elucidate a potential contribution of oligodendroglial NMDAR downregulation to NMDAR1-AB effects, we generated conditional NR1 knockout mice. These mice displayed normal Morris water maze and mental-time-travel, but beam balance performance was similar to immunized <jats:italic>Cnp<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>. Immunohistochemistry confirmed neuroinflammation\/neurodegeneration in <jats:italic>Cnp<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice, yet without add-on effect of NMDAR1-AB. To conclude, genetic brain inflammation may explain an encephalitic component underlying autoimmune conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01392-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T02:02:41Z","timestamp":1638756161000},"page":"4974-4983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["NMDAR1 autoantibodies amplify behavioral phenotypes of genetic white matter inflammation: a mild encephalitis model with neuropsychiatric relevance"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sahab","family":"Arinrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-159X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justus B. H.","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7908-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Seelbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Doeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hindermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6313-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umer Javed","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7913-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes A.","family":"Steixner-Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Spieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Ronnenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Berghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8000-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"L\u00fchder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8724-9666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus-Armin","family":"Nave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4371-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Bechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-5711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannelore","family":"Ehrenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050","volume":"61","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Tuzun E, Wu HY, Masjuan J, Rossi JE, Voloschin A, et al. Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:25\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2","volume":"7","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M, et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:1091\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30290-1","volume":"7","author":"TA Pollak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pollak TA, Lennox BR, Muller S, Benros ME, Pruss H, Tebartz van Elst L, et al. Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:93\u2013108.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102348","volume":"18","author":"M Mane-Damas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mane-Damas M, Hoffmann C, Zong S, Tan A, Molenaar PC, Losen M, et al. Autoimmunity in psychotic disorders. Where we stand, challenges and opportunities. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1392_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Endres D, Maier V, Leypoldt F, Wandinger KP, Lennox B, Pollak TA, et al. Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes: a systematic literature review resulting in 145 cases. Psychol Med. 2020;1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720002895.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002895"},{"key":"1392_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00181","volume":"8","author":"H Ehrenreich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ehrenreich H. Autoantibodies against the N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR1: untangling apparent inconsistencies for clinical practice. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1392_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000546","volume":"31","author":"H Ehrenreich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehrenreich H. Autoantibodies against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2018;31:306\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5866","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0167-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"EG Hughes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hughes EG, Peng X, Gleichman AJ, Lai M, Zhou L, Tsou R, et al. Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Neurosci. 2010;30:5866\u201375.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-017-0011-3","volume":"24","author":"H Pan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pan H, Oliveira B, Saher G, Dere E, Tapken D, Mitjans M, et al. Uncoupling the widespread occurrence of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies from neuropsychiatric disease in a novel autoimmune model. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24:1489\u2013501.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.125","volume":"22","author":"E Castillo-Gomez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Castillo-Gomez E, Oliveira B, Tapken D, Bertrand S, Klein-Schmidt C, Pan H, et al. All naturally occurring autoantibodies against the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 have pathogenic potential irrespective of epitope and immunoglobulin class. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:1776\u201384.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.110","volume":"19","author":"C Hammer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammer C, Stepniak B, Schneider A, Papiol S, Tantra M, Begemann M, et al. Neuropsychiatric disease relevance of circulating anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies depends on blood-brain barrier integrity. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19:1143\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.52","volume":"19","author":"C Hammer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hammer C, Zerche M, Schneider A, Begemann M, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Apolipoprotein E4 carrier status plus circulating anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies: association with schizoaffective disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19:1054\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2529","volume":"9","author":"B Diamond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diamond B, Huerta PT, Mina-Osorio P, Kowal C, Volpe BT. Losing your nerves? Maybe it\u2019s the antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9:449\u201356.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1392_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0672-1","volume":"26","author":"H Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan H, Steixner-Kumar AA, Seelbach A, Deutsch N, Ronnenberg A, Tapken D, et al. Multiple inducers and novel roles of autoantibodies against the obligatory NMDAR subunit NR1: a translational study from chronic life stress to brain injury. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:2471\u201382.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.008323","volume":"46","author":"M Zerche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zerche M, Weissenborn K, Ott C, Dere E, Asif AR, Worthmann H, et al. Preexisting serum autoantibodies against the NMDAR subunit NR1 modulate evolution of lesion size in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2015;46:1180\u20136.","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"1392_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.05.011","volume":"96","author":"NR Deutsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deutsch NR, Worthmann H, Steixner-Kumar AA, Schuppner R, Grosse GM, Pan H, et al. Autoantibodies against the NMDAR subunit NR1 are associated with neuropsychiatric outcome after ischemic stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;96:73\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"1392_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.27","volume":"17","author":"SJ Crisp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crisp SJ, Kullmann DM, Vincent A. Autoimmune synaptopathies. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17:103\u201317.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60726","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060726","volume":"8","author":"EP Nagele","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nagele EP, Han M, Acharya NK, DeMarshall C, Kosciuk MC, Nagele RG. Natural IgG autoantibodies are abundant and ubiquitous in human sera, and their number is influenced by age, gender, and disease. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e60726.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1392_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90093-9","volume":"12","author":"IR Cohen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cohen IR, Young DB. Autoimmunity, microbial immunity and the immunological homunculus. Immunol Today. 1991;12:105\u201310.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"1392_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23689","volume":"72","author":"H Pruss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pruss H, Finke C, Holtje M, Hofmann J, Klingbeil C, Probst C, et al. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:902\u201311.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002125","volume":"85","author":"T Armangue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Armangue T, Moris G, Cantarin-Extremera V, Conde CE, Rostasy K, Erro ME, et al. Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis of adults and teenagers. Neurology. 2015;85:1736\u201343.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"1392_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24545","volume":"79","author":"E Castillo-Gomez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castillo-Gomez E, Kastner A, Steiner J, Schneider A, Hettling B, Poggi G, et al. The brain as immunoprecipitator of serum autoantibodies against N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1. Ann Neurol. 2016;79:144\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24189","volume":"76","author":"L Dahm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dahm L, Ott C, Steiner J, Stepniak B, Teegen B, Saschenbrecker S, et al. Seroprevalence of autoantibodies against brain antigens in health and disease. Ann Neurol. 2014;76:82\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilke JBH, Hindermann M, Berghoff SA, Zihsler S, Arinrad S, Ronnenberg A, et al. Autoantibodies against NMDA receptor 1 modify rather than cause encephalitis. Mol Psychiatry. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01238-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01238-3"},{"key":"1392_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00782","volume":"9","author":"K Bechter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bechter K. Encephalitis, mild encephalitis, neuroprogression, or encephalopathy\u2014not merely a question of terminology. Front Psychiatry. 2019;9:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.06.019","volume":"42","author":"K Bechter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bechter K. Updating the mild encephalitis hypothesis of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;42:71\u201391.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316822","volume":"89","author":"OR Phillips","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phillips OR, Joshi SH, Narr KL, Shattuck DW, Singh M, Di Paola M, et al. Superficial white matter damage in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89:518\u201325.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.10.007","volume":"32","author":"K Messacar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Messacar K, Fischer M, Dominguez SR, Tyler KL, Abzug MJ. Encephalitis in US Children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2018;32:145\u201362.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"1392_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.060","volume":"25","author":"JJ Sejvar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sejvar JJ, Kohl KS, Bilynsky R, Blumberg D, Cvetkovich T, Galama J, et al. Encephalitis, myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM): case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine. 2007;25:5771\u201392.","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"1392_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458","volume":"57","author":"A Venkatesan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, et al. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:1114\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1392_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201200230","volume":"4","author":"N Hagemeyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagemeyer N, Goebbels S, Papiol S, Kastner A, Hofer S, Begemann M, et al. A myelin gene causative of a catatonia-depression syndrome upon aging. EMBO Mol Med. 2012;4:528\u201339.","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"1392_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97032","volume":"128","author":"H Janova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Janova H, Arinrad S, Balmuth E, Mitjans M, Hertel J, Habes M, et al. Microglia ablation alleviates myelin-associated catatonic signs in mice. J Clin Investig. 2018;128:734\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1392_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23039","volume":"64","author":"G Poggi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poggi G, Boretius S, Mobius W, Moschny N, Baudewig J, Ruhwedel T, et al. Cortical network dysfunction caused by a subtle defect of myelination. Glia. 2016;64:2025\u201340.","journal-title":"Glia."},{"key":"1392_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X08000136","volume":"3","author":"KR Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller KR, Streit WJ. The effects of aging, injury and disease on microglial function: a case for cellular senescence. Neuron Glia Biol. 2007;3:245\u201353.","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol"},{"key":"1392_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1159\/000156474","volume":"15","author":"NL Sparkman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sparkman NL, Johnson RW. Neuroinflammation associated with aging sensitizes the brain to the effects of infection or stress. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2008;15:323\u201330.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation."},{"key":"1392_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.07.001","volume":"29","author":"WJ Streit","year":"2006","unstructured":"Streit WJ. Microglial senescence: does the brain\u2019s immune system have an expiration date? Trends Neurosci. 2006;29:506\u201310.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01945.x","volume":"63","author":"A Monji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Monji A, Kato T, Kanba S. Cytokines and schizophrenia: microglia hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;63:257\u201365.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000501","volume":"32","author":"C Weissleder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weissleder C, North HF, Shannon, Weickert C. Important unanswered questions about adult neurogenesis in schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatr. 2019;32:170\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatr"},{"key":"1392_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001565","volume":"10","author":"C Aston","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aston C, Jiang L, Sokolov BP. Transcriptional profiling reveals evidence for signaling and oligodendroglial abnormalities in the temporal cortex from patients with major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2005;10:309\u201322.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1392_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.09.032","volume":"98","author":"SN Mitkus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mitkus SN, Hyde TM, Vakkalanka R, Kolachana B, Weinberger DR, Kleinman JE, et al. Expression of oligodendrocyte-associated genes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2008;98:129\u201338.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1392_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14289-4","volume":"362","author":"D Tkachev","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tkachev D, Mimmack ML, Ryan MM, Wayland M, Freeman T, Jones PB, et al. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2003;362:798\u2013805.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"1392_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-009-8071-2","volume":"40","author":"O Jahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jahn O, Tenzer S, Werner HB. Myelin proteomics: molecular anatomy of an insulating sheath. Mol Neurobiol. 2009;40:55\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1392_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1095","volume":"33","author":"C Lappe-Siefke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lappe-Siefke C, Goebbels S, Gravel M, Nicksch E, Lee J, Braun PE, et al. Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination. Nat Genet. 2003;33:366\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1392_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8634","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900337R","volume":"33","author":"LF Garcia-Agudo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garcia-Agudo LF, Janova H, Sendler LE, Arinrad S, Steixner AA, Hassouna I, et al. Genetically induced brain inflammation by Cnp deletion transiently benefits from microglia depletion. FASEB J. 2019;33:8634\u201347.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1392_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11082","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0064-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"AJ Gleichman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gleichman AJ, Spruce LA, Dalmau J, Seeholzer SH, Lynch DR. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis antibody binding is dependent on amino acid identity of a small region within the GluN1 amino terminal domain. J Neurosci. 2012;32:11082\u201394.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81827-9","volume":"87","author":"JZ Tsien","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tsien JZ, Huerta PT, Tonegawa S. The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. Cell. 1996;87:1327\u201338.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"1392_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.016","volume":"91","author":"AS Saab","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saab AS, Tzvetavona ID, Trevisiol A, Baltan S, Dibaj P, Kusch K, et al. Oligodendroglial NMDA Receptors regulate glucose import and axonal energy metabolism. Neuron. 2016;91:119\u201332.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"1392_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.02.023","volume":"150","author":"E Dere","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dere E, Ronnenberg A, Tampe B, Arinrad S, Schmidt M, Zeisberg E, et al. Cognitive, emotional and social phenotyping of mice in an observer-independent setting. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2018;150:136\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"1392_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"E Dere","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dere E, Dahm L, Lu D, Hammerschmidt K, Ju A, Tantra M, et al. Heterozygous ambra1 deficiency in mice: a genetic trait with autism-like behavior restricted to the female gender. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8:1\u201319.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0645-0","volume":"14","author":"PR Netrakanti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Netrakanti PR, Cooper BH, Dere E, Poggi G, Winkler D, Brose N, et al. Fast cerebellar reflex circuitry requires synaptic vesicle priming by munc13-3. Cerebellum. 2015;14:264\u201383.","journal-title":"Cerebellum."},{"key":"1392_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01214-6","volume":"9","author":"JBH Wilke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilke JBH, Hindermann M, Moussavi A, Butt UJ, Dadarwal R, Berghoff SA, et al. Inducing sterile pyramidal neuronal death in mice to model distinct aspects of gray matter encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2021;9:121.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"1392_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15041-1","volume":"11","author":"D Wakhloo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wakhloo D, Scharkowski F, Curto Y, Javed Butt U, Bansal V, Steixner-Kumar AA, et al. Functional hypoxia drives neuroplasticity and neurogenesis via brain erythropoietin. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1313.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1392_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00988-w","volume":"26","author":"UJ Butt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Butt UJ, Steixner-Kumar AA, Depp C, Sun T, Hassouna I, Wustefeld L, et al. Hippocampal neurons respond to brain activity with functional hypoxia. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:1790\u2013807.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"1392_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0497-6","volume":"5","author":"SA Berghoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berghoff SA, Duking T, Spieth L, Winchenbach J, Stumpf SK, Gerndt N, et al. Blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability precedes demyelination in the cuprizone model. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2017;5:94.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"1392_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30244-3","volume":"18","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Armangue T, Planaguma J, Radosevic M, Mannara F, Leypoldt F, et al. An update on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis for neurologists and psychiatrists: mechanisms and models. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:1045\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1392_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00033","volume":"7","author":"BM Pause","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pause BM, Zlomuzica A, Kinugawa K, Mariani J, Pietrowsky R, Dere E. Perspectives on episodic-like and episodic memory. Front Behav Neurosci. 2013;7:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1392_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.07.016","volume":"105","author":"D Dere","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dere D, Zlomuzica A, Dere E. Fellow travellers in cognitive evolution: co-evolution of working memory and mental-time-travel? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;105:94\u2013105.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1392_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007","volume":"113","author":"OY Chao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chao OY, de Souza Silva MA, Yang YM, Huston JP. The medial prefrontal cortex\u2014hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020;113:373\u2013407.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1392_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1453","volume":"287","author":"MJ During","year":"2000","unstructured":"During MJ, Symes CW, Lawlor PA, Lin J, Dunning J, Fitzsimons HL, et al. An oral vaccine against NMDAR1 with efficacy in experimental stroke and epilepsy. Science. 2000;287:1453\u201360.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"1392_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.237.329","volume":"237","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Tanaka K, Wang L, Ishigaki Y, Kato N. Induction of memory deficit in mice with chronic exposure to cerebrospinal fluid from patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2015;237:329\u201338.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"1392_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu310","volume":"138","author":"J Planaguma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Planaguma J, Leypoldt F, Mannara F, Gutierrez-Cuesta J, Martin-Garcia E, Aguilar E, et al. Human N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antibodies alter memory and behaviour in mice. Brain. 2015;138:94\u2013109.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"1392_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14662","volume":"60","author":"O Taraschenko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taraschenko O, Fox HS, Pittock SJ, Zekeridou A, Gafurova M, Eldridge E, et al. A mouse model of seizures in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Epilepsia. 2019;60:452\u201363.","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"1392_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0256972","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256972","volume":"16","author":"W Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yue W, Caldwell S, Risbrough V, Powell S, Zhou X. Chronic presence of blood circulating anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies impairs cognitive function in mice. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0256972.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1392_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006980107","volume":"107","author":"TW Faust","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faust TW, Chang EH, Kowal C, Berlin R, Gazaryan IG, Bertini E, et al. Neurotoxic lupus autoantibodies alter brain function through two distinct mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:18569\u201374.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1392_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13993-7","volume":"11","author":"K Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan K, Nestor J, Huerta TS, Certain N, Moody G, Kowal C, et al. Lupus autoantibodies act as positive allosteric modulators at GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors and impair spatial memory. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"1392_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124002","volume":"4","author":"M Mackay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mackay M, Vo A, Tang CC, Small M, Anderson EW, Ploran EJ, et al. Metabolic and microstructural alterations in the SLE brain correlate with cognitive impairment. JCI Insight. 2019;4:1\u201318.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"1392_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04301","volume":"438","author":"MG Salter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salter MG, Fern R. NMDA receptors are expressed in developing oligodendrocyte processes and mediate injury. Nature. 2005;438:1167\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"1392_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04302","volume":"438","author":"R Karadottir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karadottir R, Cavelier P, Bergersen LH, Attwell D. NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia. Nature. 2005;438:1162\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"1392_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04474","volume":"439","author":"I Micu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Micu I, Jiang Q, Coderre E, Ridsdale A, Zhang L, Woulfe J, et al. NMDA receptors mediate calcium accumulation in myelin during chemical ischaemia. Nature. 2006;439:988\u201392.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"1392_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.023","volume":"91","author":"AM Krasnow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krasnow AM, Attwell D. NMDA receptors: power switches for oligodendrocytes. Neuron. 2016;91:3\u20135.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"1392_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25699","volume":"87","author":"C Matute","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matute C, Palma A, Serrano-Regal MP, Maudes E, Barman S, Sanchez-Gomez MV, et al. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in autoimmune encephalopathy alter oligodendrocyte function. Ann Neurol. 2020;87:670\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-021-01392-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-021-01392-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-021-01392-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T11:17:19Z","timestamp":1680866239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-021-01392-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01392-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}