{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:23:45Z","timestamp":1784622225518,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced processing speed is a core deficit in major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been linked to altered structural brain network connectivity. Ample evidence highlights the involvement of genetic-immunological processes in MDD and specific depressive symptoms. Here, we extended these findings by examining associations between polygenic scores for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 blood levels (TNF-\u03b1 PGS), structural brain connectivity, and processing speed in a large sample of MDD patients. Processing speed performance of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009284 acutely depressed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009177 partially and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009198 fully remitted patients, and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009743 healthy controls (HC) was estimated based on five neuropsychological tests. Network-based statistic was used to identify a brain network associated with processing speed. We employed general linear models to examine the association between TNF-\u03b1 PGS and processing speed. We investigated whether network connectivity mediates the association between TNF-\u03b1 PGS and processing speed. We identified a structural network positively associated with processing speed in the whole sample. We observed a significant negative association between TNF-\u03b1 PGS and processing speed in acutely depressed patients, whereas no association was found in remitted patients and HC. The mediation analysis revealed that brain connectivity partially mediated the association between TNF-\u03b1 PGS and processing speed in acute MDD. The present study provides evidence that TNF-\u03b1 PGS is associated with decreased processing speed exclusively in patients with acute depression. This association was partially mediated by structural brain connectivity. Using multimodal data, the current findings advance our understanding of cognitive dysfunction in MDD and highlight the involvement of genetic-immunological processes in its pathomechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02577-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T14:48:33Z","timestamp":1714574913000},"page":"3151-3159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The interplay between polygenic score for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, brain structural connectivity, and processing speed in major depression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kira","family":"Flinkenfl\u00fcgel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2177-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Meinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3087-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janik","family":"Goltermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Usemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0526-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Brosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4912-8307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Thomas-Odenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Wroblewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia-Katharina","family":"Pfarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9521-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike S.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7779-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva C.","family":"Beins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Grotegerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6541-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth J.","family":"Leehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Dohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1876-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Forstner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8770-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus M.","family":"N\u00f6then","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2485-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Jamalabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9837-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-1468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie H.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Rietschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Nenadi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1570-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn P.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilo","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Repple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Dannlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21243-x","volume":"8","author":"GY Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim GY, Tam WW, Lu Y, Ho CS, Zhang MW, Ho RC. Prevalence of depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014. Sci Rep. 2018;8:2861.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2577_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405901206","volume":"59","author":"RW Lam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lam RW, Kennedy SH, McIntyre RS, Khullar A. Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: effects on psychosocial functioning and implications for treatment. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59:649\u201354.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.04.022","volume":"119","author":"LM McDermott","year":"2009","unstructured":"McDermott LM, Ebmeier KP. A meta-analysis of depression severity and cognitive function. J Affect Disord. 2009;119:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2577_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22063","volume":"30","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2013","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Cha DS, Soczynska JK, Woldeyohannes HO, Gallaugher LA, Kudlow P, et al. Cognitive deficits and functional outcomes in major depressive disorder: determinants, substrates, and treatment interventions. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30:515\u201327.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2577_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dawson EL, Caveney AF, Meyers KK, Weisenbach SL, Giordani B, Avery ET, et al. Executive Functioning at Baseline Prospectively Predicts Depression Treatment Response. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2017;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/PCC.16m01949.","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.16m01949"},{"key":"2577_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.3\/pharvey","volume":"21","author":"PD Harvey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harvey PD. Domains of cognition and their assessment. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2019;21:227\u201337.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(94)90003-5","volume":"86","author":"R Kail","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kail R, Salthouse TA. Processing speed as a mental capacity. Acta Psychol. 1994;86:199\u2013225.","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"key":"2577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.3.403","volume":"103","author":"TA Salthouse","year":"1996","unstructured":"Salthouse TA. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol Rev. 1996;103:403\u201328.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30291-3","volume":"6","author":"M Semkovska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Semkovska M, Quinlivan L, O\u2019Grady T, Johnson R, Collins A, O\u2019Connor J, et al. Cognitive function following a major depressive episode: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6:851\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-015-0068-9","volume":"14","author":"X Gonda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonda X, Pompili M, Serafini G, Carvalho AF, Rihmer Z, Dome P. The role of cognitive dysfunction in the symptoms and remission from depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2015;14:27.","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(00)00059-9","volume":"13","author":"AR McIntosh","year":"2000","unstructured":"McIntosh AR. Towards a network theory of cognition. Neural Netw. 2000;13:861\u201370.","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"2577_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.10.001","volume":"22","author":"AK Barbey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbey AK. Network neuroscience theory of human intelligence. Trends Cogn Sci. 2018;22:8\u201320.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2577_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.012","volume":"17","author":"MP van den Heuvel","year":"2013","unstructured":"van den Heuvel MP, Sporns O. Network hubs in the human brain. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013;17:683\u201396.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2577_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23419","volume":"38","author":"V Ponsoda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ponsoda V, Mart\u00ednez K, Pineda-Pardo JA, Abad FJ, Olea J, Rom\u00e1n FJ, et al. Structural brain connectivity and cognitive ability differences: a multivariate distance matrix regression analysis. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;38:803\u201316.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2577_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23857","volume":"39","author":"SJ Wiseman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiseman SJ, Booth T, Ritchie SJ, Cox SR, Maniega SM, Hernandez M del CV, et al. Cognitive abilities, brain white matter hyperintensity volume and structural network connectivity in older age. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39:622\u201332.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2577_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9658","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0900-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"J Zimmermann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zimmermann J, Griffiths JD, McIntosh AR. Unique mapping of structural and functional connectivity on cognition. J Neurosci. 2018;38:9658\u201367.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.110","volume":"6","author":"W Myung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Myung W, Han CE, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Papakostas GI, Heo J-Y, et al. Reduced frontal-subcortical white matter connectivity in association with suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6:e835.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0603-1","volume":"25","author":"J Repple","year":"2020","unstructured":"Repple J, Mauritz M, Meinert S, de Lange SC, Grotegerd D, Opel N, et al. Severity of current depression and remission status are associated with structural connectome alterations in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25:1550\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Repple J, Gruber M, Mauritz M, de Lange SC, Winter NR, Opel N, et al. Shared and specific patterns of structural brain connectivity across affective and psychotic disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.05.031.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.05.031"},{"key":"2577_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00021","volume":"6","author":"MD Sacchet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sacchet MD, Prasad G, Foland-Ross LC, Thompson PM, Gotlib IH. Support vector machine classification of major depressive disorder using diffusion-weighted neuroimaging and graph theory. Front Psychiatry. 2015;6:21.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber M, Mauritz M, Meinert S, Grotegerd D, de Lange SC, Grumbach P, et al. Cognitive performance and brain structural connectome alterations in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med. 2023;53:6611\u201322.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722004007"},{"key":"2577_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0151-1","volume":"11","author":"DJ Allison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allison DJ, Ditor DS. The common inflammatory etiology of depression and cognitive impairment: a therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:151.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2577_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller AH, Raison CL. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16:22\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2577_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13593","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13593","volume":"31","author":"AK Thomann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomann AK, Reindl W, W\u00fcstenberg T, Kmuche D, Ebert MP, Szabo K, et al. Aberrant brain structural large-scale connectome in Crohn\u2019s disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;31:e13593.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2577_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.11.003","volume":"93","author":"DR Goldsmith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goldsmith DR, Bekhbat M, Mehta ND, Felger JC. Inflammation-related functional and structural dysconnectivity as a pathway to psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry. 2023;93:405\u201318.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-022-00002-y","volume":"1","author":"SH Siddiqi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siddiqi SH, Kletenik I, Anderson MC, Cavallari M, Chitnis T, Glanz BI, et al. Lesion network localization of depression in multiple sclerosis. Nat Mental Health. 2023;1:36\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Mental Health"},{"key":"2577_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014","volume":"1843","author":"MD Turner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turner MD, Nedjai B, Hurst T, Pennington DJ. Cytokines and chemokines: at the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2014;1843:2563\u201382.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"2577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.08.003","volume":"139","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ho RC-M, Mak A. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are elevated in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Affect Disord. 2012;139:230\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2577_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.02.010","volume":"87","author":"EF Osimo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Osimo EF, Pillinger T, Rodriguez IM, Khandaker GM, Pariante CM, Howes OD. Inflammatory markers in depression: A meta-analysis of mean differences and variability in 5,166 patients and 5,083 controls. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:901\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2577_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082368","volume":"26","author":"S Uzzan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uzzan S, Azab AN. Anti-TNF-\u03b1 compounds as a treatment for depression. Molecules. 2021;26:2368.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2577_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","volume":"9","author":"R Dantzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dantzer R, O\u2019Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:46\u201356.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2021.19.3.449","volume":"19","author":"J Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim J, Sohn H, Kwon M-S, Kim B. White matter alterations associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2021;19:449\u201358.","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0174-y","volume":"8","author":"K Sugimoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sugimoto K, Kakeda S, Watanabe K, Katsuki A, Ueda I, Igata N, et al. Relationship between white matter integrity and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8:141.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12217","volume":"129","author":"R Coelho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coelho R, Viola TW, Walss-Bass C, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R. Childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129:180\u201392.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2577_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.02.029","volume":"86","author":"MM Kautz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kautz MM, Coe CL, McArthur BA, Mac Giollabhui N, Ellman LM, Abramson LY, et al. Longitudinal changes of inflammatory biomarkers moderate the relationship between recent stressful life events and prospective symptoms of depression in a diverse sample of urban adolescents. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;86:43\u201352.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2577_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.002","volume":"107","author":"E Beurel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beurel E, Toups M, Nemeroff CB. The bidirectional relationship of depression and inflammation: double trouble. Neuron. 2020;107:234\u201356.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2577_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31819082ef","volume":"71","author":"S Su","year":"2009","unstructured":"Su S, Miller AH, Snieder H, Bremner JD, Ritchie J, Maisano C, et al. Common Genetic Contributions to depressive symptoms and inflammatory markers in middle-aged men: the Twins Heart Study. Psychosom Med. 2009;71:152\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2577_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.04.023","volume":"64","author":"V Vaccarino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaccarino V, Brennan M-L, Miller AH, Bremner JD, Ritchie JC, Lindau F, et al. Association of major depressive disorder with serum myeloperoxidase and other markers of inflammation: a twin study. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;64:476\u201383.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7","volume":"22","author":"DM Howard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howard DM, Adams MJ, Clarke T-K, Hafferty JD, Gibson J, Shirali M, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22:343\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100108","volume":"7","author":"JD Tubbs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tubbs JD, Ding J, Baum L, Sham PC. Immune dysregulation in depression: Evidence from genome-wide association. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;7:100108.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"2577_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2323","volume":"25","author":"AP Cerri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cerri AP, Arosio B, Viazzoli C, Confalonieri R, Vergani C, Annoni G. The \u2014308 (G\/A) single nucleotide polymorphism in the TNF-\u03b1 gene and the risk of major depression in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25:219\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerri AP, Arosio B, Viazzoli C, Confalonieri R, Teruzzi F, Annoni G. -308(G\/A) TNF-\u03b1 gene polymorphism and risk of depression late in the life. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49:29\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.009"},{"key":"2577_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.03.024","volume":"95","author":"N Kappelmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kappelmann N, Czamara D, Rost N, Moser S, Schmoll V, Trastulla L, et al. Polygenic risk for immuno-metabolic markers and specific depressive symptoms: a multi-sample network analysis study. Brai, Behav Immun. 2021;95:256\u201368.","journal-title":"Brai, Behav Immun"},{"key":"2577_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0353-1","volume":"15","author":"SW Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi SW, Mak TS-H, O\u2019Reilly PF. Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses. Nat Protoc. 2020;15:2759\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2577_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002172","volume":"46","author":"N Mullins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mullins N, Power RA, Fisher HL, Hanscombe KB, Euesden J, Iniesta R, et al. Polygenic interactions with environmental adversity in the aetiology of major depressive disorder. Psychol Med. 2016;46:759\u201370.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2577_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0346","volume":"72","author":"E Agerbo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agerbo E, Sullivan PF, Vilhj\u00e1lmsson BJ, Pedersen CB, Mors O, B\u00f8rglum AD, et al. Polygenic risk score, parental socioeconomic status, family history of psychiatric disorders, and the risk for schizophrenia: a Danish population-based study and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:635\u201341.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001911","volume":"41","author":"HJ Conradi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conradi HJ, Ormel J, de Jonge P. Presence of individual (residual) symptoms during depressive episodes and periods of remission: a 3-year prospective study. Psychol Med. 2011;41:1165\u201374.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2577_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0943-x","volume":"269","author":"T Kircher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kircher T, W\u00f6hr M, Nenadic I, Schwarting R, Schratt G, Alferink J, et al. Neurobiology of the major psychoses: a translational perspective on brain structure and function-the FOR2107 consortium. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;269:949\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.079","volume":"172","author":"C Vogelbacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vogelbacher C, M\u00f6bius TWD, Sommer J, Schuster V, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, et al. The Marburg-M\u00fcnster Affective Disorders Cohort Study (MACS): a quality assurance protocol for MR neuroimaging data. NeuroImage. 2018;172:450\u201360.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2577_CR50","unstructured":"Wittchen H-U, Wunderlich U, Gruschwitz S, Zaudig M SKID I. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV. Achse I: Psychische St\u00f6rungen. Interviewheft und Beurteilungsheft. Eine deutschsprachige, erweiterte Bearb. d. amerikanischen Originalversion des SKID I. 1997."},{"key":"2577_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1100","volume":"71","author":"R Redlich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Redlich R, Almeida JR, Grotegerd D, Opel N, Kugel H, Heindel W, et al. Brain morphometric biomarkers distinguishing unipolar and bipolar depression: a voxel-based morphometry\u2013pattern classification approach. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:1222\u201330.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56\u201362.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Lange SC, Helwegen K, van den Heuvel MP. Structural and functional connectivity reconstruction with CATO - A Connectivity Analysis TOolbox. Neuroimage. 2023;273:120108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120108"},{"key":"2577_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.09.031","volume":"203","author":"L Cammoun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cammoun L, Gigandet X, Meskaldji D, Thiran JP, Sporns O, Do KQ, et al. Mapping the human connectome at multiple scales with diffusion spectrum MRI. J Neurosci Methods. 2012;203:386\u201397.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2577_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","volume":"31","author":"RS Desikan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Desikan RS, S\u00e9gonne F, Fischl B, Quinn BT, Dickerson BC, Blacker D, et al. An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. Neuroimage. 2006;31:968\u201380.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2577_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01330-8","volume":"27","author":"S Meinert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meinert S, Nowack N, Grotegerd D, Repple J, Winter NR, Abheiden I, et al. Association of brain white matter microstructure with cognitive performance in major depressive disorder and healthy controls: a diffusion-tensor imaging study. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:1103\u201310.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0477-2","volume":"25","author":"van Velzen","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Velzen, Kelly LS, Isaev S, Aleman D, Aftanas LI A, Bauer J, et al. White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25:1511\u201325.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flinkenfl\u00fcgel K, Meinert S, Thiel K, Winter A, Goltermann J, Strathausen L, et al. Negative stressful life events and social support are associated with white matter integrity in depressed patients and healthy controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Biol Psychiatry. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.03.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.03.022"},{"key":"2577_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0071","volume":"1","author":"AL Alexander","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alexander AL, Hurley SA, Samsonov AA, Adluru N, Hosseinbor AP, Mossahebi P, et al. Characterization of cerebral white matter properties using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging stains. Brain Connect. 2011;1:423\u201346.","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"2577_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501678","volume":"2","author":"TFM Andlauer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andlauer TFM, Buck D, Antony G, Bayas A, Bechmann L, Berthele A, et al. Novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci implicated in epigenetic regulation. Sci Adv. 2016;2:e1501678.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2577_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.04.018","volume":"208","author":"T Meller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meller T, Schmitt S, Stein F, Brosch K, Mosebach J, Y\u00fcksel D, et al. Associations of schizophrenia risk genes ZNF804A and CACNA1C with schizotypy and modulation of attention in healthy subjects. Schizophr Res. 2019;208:67\u201375.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2577_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01051-0","volume":"46","author":"H Pelin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelin H, Ising M, Stein F, Meinert S, Meller T, Brosch K, et al. Identification of transdiagnostic psychiatric disorder subtypes using unsupervised learning. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2021;46:1895\u2013905.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2577_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang CC, Chow CC, Tellier LC, Vattikuti S, Purcell SM, Lee JJ. Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets. GigaScience. 2015;4:s13742-015-0047-0048.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8"},{"key":"2577_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000529","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000529","volume":"5","author":"B Howie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howie B, Donnelly P, Marchini J. A flexible and accurate genotype imputation method for the next generation of genome-wide association studies. PLOS Genetics. 2009;5:e1000529.","journal-title":"PLOS Genetics"},{"key":"2577_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2354","volume":"44","author":"B Howie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howie B, Fuchsberger C, Stephens M, Marchini J, Abecasis GR. Fast and accurate genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies through pre-phasing. Nat Genet. 2012;44:955\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2577_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2307","volume":"10","author":"O Delaneau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delaneau O, Zagury J-F, Marchini J. Improved whole-chromosome phasing for disease and population genetic studies. Nat Methods. 2013;10:5\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2577_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.11.007","volume":"100","author":"AV Ahola-Olli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahola-Olli AV, W\u00fcrtz P, Havulinna AS, Aalto K, Pitk\u00e4nen N, Lehtim\u00e4ki T, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 27 loci influencing concentrations of circulating cytokines and growth factors. Am J Hum Genet. 2017;100:40\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2577_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09718-5","volume":"10","author":"T Ge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ge T, Chen C-Y, Ni Y, Feng Y-CA, Smoller JW. Polygenic prediction via Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1776.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2577_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.04.018","volume":"90","author":"G Ni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ni G, Zeng J, Revez JA, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Ge T, et al. A comparison of ten polygenic score methods for psychiatric disorders applied across multiple cohorts. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;90:611\u201320.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1515\/medgen-2020-2006","volume":"32","author":"TFM Andlauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andlauer TFM, N\u00f6then MM. Polygenic scores for psychiatric disease: from research tool to clinical application. Medizinische Genetik. 2020;32:39\u201345.","journal-title":"Medizinische Genetik"},{"key":"2577_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.041","volume":"53","author":"A Zalesky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zalesky A, Fornito A, Bullmore ET. Network-based statistic: identifying differences in brain networks. Neuroimage. 2010;53:1197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2577_CR72","unstructured":"MATLAB. 9701190202 (R2019b). http:\/\/citebay.com\/how-to-cite\/matlab\/. Accessed 21 November 2022."},{"key":"2577_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447","volume":"30","author":"JL Horn","year":"1965","unstructured":"Horn JL. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika. 1965;30:179\u201385.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"2577_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04492-9","volume":"603","author":"S Marek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marek S, Tervo-Clemmens B, Calabro FJ, Montez DF, Kay BP, Hatoum AS, et al. Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals. Nature. 2022;603:654\u201360.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2577_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12295","volume":"55","author":"NR Wray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wray NR, Lee SH, Mehta D, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Dudbridge F, Middeldorp CM. Research review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014;55:1068\u201387.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.009","volume":"17","author":"EM Aminoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aminoff EM, Kveraga K, Bar M. The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013;17:379\u201390.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2577_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.2\/smarek","volume":"20","author":"S Marek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marek S, Dosenbach NUF. The frontoparietal network: function, electrophysiology, and importance of individual precision mapping. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2018;20:133\u201340.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2577_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.11.003","volume":"29","author":"OJG Schiepers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schiepers OJG, Wichers MC, Maes M. Cytokines and major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005;29:201\u201317.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.120","volume":"22","author":"J Keller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keller J, Gomez R, Williams G, Lembke A, Lazzeroni L, Murphy GM, et al. HPA axis in major depression: cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:527\u201336.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.06.006","volume":"31","author":"CM Pariante","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pariante CM, Lightman SL. The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments. Trends in Neurosciences. 2008;31:464\u20138.","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2577_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22489","volume":"70","author":"G Favrais","year":"2011","unstructured":"Favrais G, van de Looij Y, Fleiss B, Ramanantsoa N, Bonnin P, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, et al. Systemic inflammation disrupts the developmental program of white matter. Ann Neurol. 2011;70:550\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2577_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.05.050","volume":"411","author":"JJ Miguel-Hidalgo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Carter K, Deloach PH, Sanders L, Pang Y. Glucocorticoid-induced reductions of myelination and connexin 43 in mixed central nervous system cell cultures are prevented by mifepristone. Neuroscience. 2019;411:255\u201369.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2577_CR83","first-page":"200","volume":"263","author":"MTK Zia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zia MTK, Vinukonda G, Vose LR, Bhimavarapu BBR, Iacobas S, Pandey NK, et al. Postnatal glucocorticoid-induced hypomyelination, gliosis, and neurologic deficits are dose-dependent, preparation-specific, and reversible. Neurodegeneration. 2015;263:200\u201313.","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration."},{"key":"2577_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79220-2","volume":"10","author":"L Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen L, Kakeda S, Watanabe K, Katsuki A, Sugimoto K, Igata N, et al. Brain structural network alterations related to serum cortisol levels in drug-na\u00efve, first-episode major depressive disorder patients: a source-based morphometric study. Sci Rep. 2020;10:22096.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2577_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.04.001","volume":"27","author":"CM Pariante","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pariante CM. Why are depressed patients inflamed? A reflection on 20 years of research on depression, glucocorticoid resistance and inflammation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;27:554\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2577_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00068","volume":"6","author":"N Lopizzo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lopizzo N, Bocchio Chiavetto L, Cattane N, Plazzotta G, Tarazi FI, Pariante CM, et al. Gene-environment interaction in major depression: focus on experience-dependent biological systems. Front Psychiatry. 2015;6:68.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2577_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.04.009","volume":"31","author":"C Bufalino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bufalino C, Hepgul N, Aguglia E, Pariante CM. The role of immune genes in the association between depression and inflammation: A review of recent clinical studies. Brain Behav Immu. 2013;31:31\u201347.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immu"},{"key":"2577_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110409","volume":"98","author":"T Rani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rani T, Behl T, Sharma N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, et al. Exploring the role of biologics in depression. Cell Signal. 2022;98:110409.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2577_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.03.025","volume":"56","author":"DR Goldsmith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldsmith DR, Haroon E, Woolwine BJ, Jung MY, Wommack EC, Harvey PD, et al. Inflammatory markers are associated with decreased psychomotor speed in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain, Behav Immu. 2016;56:281\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain, Behav Immu"},{"key":"2577_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.08.014","volume":"35","author":"J Krogh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krogh J, Benros ME, J\u00f8rgensen MB, Vesterager L, Elfving B, Nordentoft M. The association between depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and inflammation in major depression. Brain Behav Immunity. 2014;35:70\u201376.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"2577_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868314542878","volume":"19","author":"DP MacKinnon","year":"2015","unstructured":"MacKinnon DP, Pirlott AG. Statistical approaches for enhancing causal interpretation of the M to Y relation in mediation analysis. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2015;19:30\u201343.","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2577_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(16)31265-2","volume":"26","author":"J Jaeger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jaeger J, Zaragoza S. The digit symbol substitution test (DSST): psychometric properties and clinical utility in major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26:S341.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2577_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07483-5","volume":"9","author":"TC Lamnidis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamnidis TC, Majander K, Jeong C, Salmela E, Wessman A, Moiseyev V, et al. Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe. Nat Commun. 2018;9:5018.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2577_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0232-0","volume":"13","author":"CL Raison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raison CL, Miller AH. Is depression an inflammatory disorder? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011;13:467\u201375.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2577_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00794-6","volume":"46","author":"J Goltermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goltermann J, Redlich R, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Leehr EJ, B\u00f6hnlein J, et al. Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning: the role of depression, parental education, and polygenic predisposition. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021;46:891\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-024-02577-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-024-02577-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-024-02577-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T23:05:01Z","timestamp":1727996701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-024-02577-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-024-02577-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"TK received unrestricted educational grants from Servier, Janssen, Recordati, Aristo, Otsuka, neuraxpharm. This funding is not associated with the current work. On behalf of all other authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest and nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}