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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Dr. Ahluwalia received sponsored funds for travel expenses as a speaker for the 2021 and 2022 annual GTNF conference. Dr. Ahluwalia serves as a consultant and has equity in Qnovia, a start-up company developing a prescription nicotine replacement product for FDA approval. At the time of manuscript submission, Dr.\u00a0El-Boraie was employed by AbbVie Corporation on unrelated topics.\u00a0Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The clinical trial protocols for KIS-3 and PNAT-2 were approved by institutional review boards at all participating sites and the University of Toronto. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}