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Mutations in the human\n                    <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, encoding the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP), cause the most common monogenic form of ASD, the Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). This study explored the interaction between the\n                    <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and a viral-like infection as an environmental insult, focusing on the impact on core autistic-like behaviors and the mGluR1\/5-mTOR pathway. Pregnant heterozygous\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse females were exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA), by injecting the immunostimulant Poly (I:C) at the embryonic stage 12.5, simulating viral infections. Subsequently, ASD-like behaviors were analyzed in the adult offspring, at 8\u201310 weeks of age. MIA exposure in wild-type mice led to ASD-like behaviors in the adult offspring. These effects were specifically confined to\u00a0the intrauterine infection, as immune activation at later stages, namely puberty (Pubertal Immune Activation, PIA) at post-natal day 35 or adulthood (Adult Immune Activation, AIA) at post-natal day 56, did not alter adult behavior. Importantly, combining the\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation with MIA exposure did not intensify core autistic-like behaviors, suggesting an occlusion effect. Mechanistically, MIA provided a strong activation of the mGluR1\/5-mTOR pathway, leading to increased LTP and downregulation of FMRP specifically in the hippocampus. Finally, FMRP modulates mTOR activity via TSC2. These findings further strengthen the key role of the mGluR1\/5-mTOR pathway in causing ASD-like core symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02805-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T03:45:54Z","timestamp":1732679154000},"page":"1937-1951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dysregulation of the mTOR-FMRP pathway and synaptic\u00a0plasticity in an environmental model of ASD"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Muna L.","family":"Hilal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Rosina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Pedini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Restivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4419-210X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Bagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2805_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0138-4","volume":"6","author":"C Lord","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, Cusack J, Dumas G, Frazier T, et al. 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