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It is decreased in a variety of psychiatric disorders including major depression. Psilocybin, a promising candidate for treating depression, has been shown to acutely increase emotional empathy in healthy volunteers. However, no study has investigated this effect and its relevance for symptom improvement in a clinical population. This study examines the enduring effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on empathy in depressed patients using a randomized, placebo-controlled design. Fifty-one depressed patients were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of psilocybin (0215\u2009mg\/kg body weight) or a placebo embedded in a 4-week psychological support intervention. Empathy was measured using the Multifaceted Empathy Test at baseline and 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after substance administration. Changes in empathy were compared between treatment conditions. Patients who received psilocybin showed significant improvements in explicit emotional empathy driven by an increase in empathy towards positive stimuli compared to the placebo group for at least two weeks. This study highlights the potential of psychedelics to enhance social cognition in individuals living with depression and contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms of action of psychedelics. Further studies are necessary to investigate the interaction between social cognition and clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03715127) and KOFAM (Identifier: SNCTP000003139).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02875-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T12:13:54Z","timestamp":1734524034000},"page":"2665-2672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Psilocybin increases emotional empathy in patients with major depression"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8142-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Jungwirth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4087-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"von Rotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Dziobek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9053-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. 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J.J. received honoraria for lectures and advisory board participation from Janssen Switzerland. K.H.P. is currently an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, and received honoraria for lectures from Johns Hopkins Medical School, USA, and California Institute of Integral Studies, USA, and is currently Chief Scientist and on the Board of Directors for the Heffter Research Institute, and scientific advisor for the MIND foundation. F.X.V. is currently on the Board of Directors of the Heffter Research Institute, and scientific advisor for the USONA Institute and the MIND Foundation. All other contributors to this manuscript declare no conflicting interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations including ICH GCP guidelines, the Swiss Clinical Trials Ordinance (ClinO), and the declaration of Helsinki. Approval for the study was granted by the Cantonal Ethics Committee, Zurich, Switzerland (Reference Number: PB-2018-00174) the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic), and the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}