{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:54:44Z","timestamp":1793724884652,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03018-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T20:38:53Z","timestamp":1745354333000},"page":"4364-4383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Integrative analysis of miRNA expression profiles reveals distinct and common molecular mechanisms underlying broad diagnostic groups of severe mental disorders"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7187-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalit","family":"Kaurani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Guin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1950-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis Manfred","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Riquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9329-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonatiuh","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Fourgeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Adorjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Heilbronner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janos L.","family":"Kalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1357-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojtaba Oraki","family":"Kohshour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9366-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Papiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Reich-Erkelenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina K.","family":"Schaupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3105-5672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva C.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Senner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ion-George","family":"Anghelescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Arolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhardt T.","family":"Baune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Dannlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef E.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Fallgatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Figge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Juckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5406-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva Z.","family":"Reininghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Schmau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Sananbenesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Sauvaget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Falkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7135-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Heilbronner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremie","family":"Poschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th edn. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"3018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.022","volume":"112","author":"F Meyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meyer F, Meyer TD. The misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as a psychotic disorder: some of its causes and their influence on therapy. J Affect Disord. 2009;112:174\u201383.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12929","volume":"22","author":"I Baryshnikov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baryshnikov I, Sund R, Marttunen M, Svirskis T, Partonen T, Pirkola S, et al. Diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder: a nationwide prospective 15-year register study on 43 495 inpatients. Bipolar Disord. 2020;22:582\u201392.","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.11.1643","volume":"150","author":"AR Koreen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Koreen AR, Siris SG, Chakos M, Alvir J, Mayerhoff D, Lieberman J. Depression in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1643\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.01.007","volume":"252","author":"S Florentin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Florentin S, Reuveni I, Rosca P, Zwi-Ran SR, Neumark Y. Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder? a 50-year assessment of diagnostic stability based on a national case registry. Schizophr Res. 2023;252:110\u20137.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"3018_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1106","volume":"68","author":"TM Laursen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T. A comparison of selected risk factors for unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia from a danish population-based cohort. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:1673\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu016","volume":"40","author":"AG Cardno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cardno AG, Owen MJ. Genetic relationships between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Bull. 2014;40:504\u201315.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"3018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62129-1","volume":"381","author":"Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysis. Lancet Lond Engl. 2013;381:1371\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"3018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-008-0030-5","volume":"10","author":"FS Goes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goes FS, Sanders LLO, Potash JB. The genetics of psychotic bipolar disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2008;10:178\u201389.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"3018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796016000615","volume":"25","author":"L Squarcina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Squarcina L, Fagnani C, Bellani M, Altamura CA, Brambilla P. Twin studies for the investigation of the relationships between genetic factors and brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2016;25:515\u201320.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"3018_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.12.1187","volume":"60","author":"PF Sullivan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sullivan PF, Kendler KS, Neale MC. Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:1187\u201392.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00857-4","volume":"53","author":"N Mullins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mullins N, Forstner AJ, O\u2019Connell KS, Coombes B, Coleman JRI, Qiao Z, et al. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology. Nat Genet. 2021;53:817\u201329.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.12.20192922","author":"S Ripke","year":"2020","unstructured":"The Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Ripke S, Walters JT, O\u2019Donovan MC. Mapping genomic loci prioritises genes and implicates synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Genetic Genomic Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.12.20192922.","journal-title":"Genetic Genomic Med"},{"key":"3018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13334","volume":"197","author":"FC Bennett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bennett FC, Molofsky AV. The immune system and psychiatric disease: a basic science perspective. Clin Exp Immunol. 2019;197:294\u2013307.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"3018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112929","volume":"10","author":"M Maes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maes M, Plaimas K, Suratanee A, Noto C, Kanchanatawan B. First episode psychosis and schizophrenia are systemic neuro-immune disorders triggered by a biotic stimulus in individuals with reduced immune regulation and neuroprotection. Cells. 2021;10:2929.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05136-6","volume":"23","author":"AR Shafiee-Kandjani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Nezhadettehad N, Farhang S, Bruggeman R, Shanebandi D, Hassanzadeh M, et al. MicroRNAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines as candidate biomarkers for recent-onset psychosis. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23:631.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155646","volume":"146","author":"K Sundquist","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sundquist K, Memon AA, Palm\u00e9r K, Sundquist J, Wang X. Inflammatory proteins and miRNA-144-5p in patients with depression, anxiety, or stress- and adjustment disorders after psychological treatment. Cytokine. 2021;146:155646.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.84","volume":"15","author":"NJ Beveridge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beveridge NJ, Gardiner E, Carroll AP, Tooney PA, Cairns MJ. Schizophrenia is associated with an increase in cortical microRNA biogenesis. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15:1176\u201389.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2016.25.6.296","volume":"25","author":"Y Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim Y, Zhang Y, Pang K, Kang H, Park H, Lee Y, et al. Bipolar disorder associated microRNA, miR-1908-5p, regulates the expression of genes functioning in neuronal glutamatergic synapses. Exp Neurobiol. 2016;25:296\u2013306.","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"3018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.029","volume":"46","author":"NJ Beveridge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beveridge NJ, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA dysregulation in schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;46:263\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"3018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.025","volume":"233","author":"GR Fries","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fries GR, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. The miRNome of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2018;233:110\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02582-4","volume":"13","author":"L Kaurani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaurani L, Besse M, Methfessel I, Methi A, Zhou J, Pradhan R, et al. Baseline levels of miR-223-3p correlate with the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depression. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13:294.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031891","volume":"24","author":"D P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez D, Penedo MA, Rivera-Baltan\u00e1s T, Pe\u00f1a-Centeno T, Burkhardt S, Fischer A, et al. MiRNA differences related to treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:1891.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11312","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111312","volume":"22","author":"D \u017burawek","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u017burawek D, Turecki G. The miRNome of depression. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:11312.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaurani L, Islam MR, Heilbronner U, Kr\u00fcger DM, Zhou J, Methi A, et al. Regulation of Zbp1 by miR-99b-5p in microglia controls the development of schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. EMBO J. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44318-024-00067-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00067-8"},{"key":"3018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3506","volume":"48","author":"A Gusev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gusev A, Ko A, Shi H, Bhatia G, Chung W, Penninx BWJH, et al. Integrative approaches for large-scale transcriptome-wide association studies. Nat Genet. 2016;48:245\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2653","volume":"45","author":"J Lonsdale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lonsdale J, Thomas J, Salvatore M, Phillips R, Lo E, Shad S, et al. The genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) project. Nat Genet. 2013;45:580\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D86","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1028","volume":"42","author":"A Bhattacharya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhattacharya A, Ziebarth JD, Cui Y. PolymiRTS Database 3.0: linking polymorphisms in microRNAs and their target sites with human diseases and biological pathways. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42:D86\u2013D91.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.03.031","volume":"174","author":"J John","year":"2016","unstructured":"John J, Bhatia T, Kukshal P, Chandna P, Nimgaonkar VL, Deshpande SN, et al. Association study of MiRSNPs with schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia and cognition. Schizophr Res. 2016;174:29\u201334.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"3018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32639","volume":"180","author":"M Budde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Budde M, Anderson-Schmidt H, Gade K, Reich-Erkelenz D, Adorjan K, Kalman JL, et al. A longitudinal approach to biological psychiatric research: The PsyCourse study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2019;180:89\u2013102.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1588-9","volume":"19","author":"W Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang W, Eldfjell Y, Fromm B, Estivill X, Biryukova I, Friedl\u00e4nder MR. miRTrace reveals the organismal origins of microRNA sequencing data. Genome Biol. 2018;19:213.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"3018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaumette T, Cinotti R, Moll\u00e9 A, Solomon P, Castain L, Fourgeux C, et al. Monocyte signature associated with herpes simplex virus reactivation and neurological recovery after brain injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202110-2324OC.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2324OC"},{"key":"3018_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0183-6","volume":"6","author":"GE Hoffman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoffman GE, Bendl J, Voloudakis G, Montgomery KS, Sloofman L, Wang Y-C, et al. CommonMind consortium provides transcriptomic and epigenomic data for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Sci Data. 2019;6:180.","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"3018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9290","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx706","volume":"45","author":"S Juzenas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Juzenas S, Venkatesh G, H\u00fcbenthal M, Hoeppner MP, Du ZG, Paulsen M, et al. A comprehensive, cell specific microRNA catalogue of human peripheral blood. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45:9290\u2013301.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2018.10.001","volume":"38","author":"C Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang C, Zhao J, Li J, Qian J, Liu X, Sun Q, et al. Massively parallel sequencing of microRNA in bloodstains and evaluation of environmental influences on miRNA candidates using realtime polymerase chain reaction. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2019;38:2.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12687","volume":"17","author":"T Huan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huan T, Chen G, Liu C, Bhattacharya A, Rong J, Chen BH, et al. Age-associated microRNA expression in human peripheral blood is associated with all-cause mortality and age-related traits. Aging Cell. 2018;17:e12687.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"3018_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14332","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014332","volume":"98","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang J, Guo T, Peng Y, Wang K, Bai K, et al. Screening of schizophrenia associated miRNAs and the regulation of miR-320a-3p on integrin \u03b21. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98:e14332.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812183","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.812183","volume":"13","author":"S Ying","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ying S, Heung T, Zhang Z, Yuen RKC, Bassett AS. Schizophrenia risk mediated by microRNA target genes overlapped by genome-wide rare copy number variation in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Front Genet. 2022;13:812183.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012","volume":"33","author":"J Endicott","year":"1976","unstructured":"Endicott J. The global assessment scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:766.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.78","volume":"17","author":"E Gardiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gardiner E, Beveridge NJ, Wu JQ, Carr V, Scott RJ, Tooney PA, et al. Imprinted DLK1-DIO3 region of 14q32 defines a schizophrenia-associated miRNA signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Psychiatry. 2012;17:827\u201340.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1013","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1010","volume":"47","author":"Z Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Z, Shi J, Gao Y, Cui C, Zhang S, Li J, et al. HMDD v3.0: a database for experimentally supported human microRNA\u2013disease associations. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D1013\u2013D1017.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3018_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D98","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn714","volume":"37","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jiang Q, Wang Y, Hao Y, Juan L, Teng M, Zhang X, et al. miR2Disease: a manually curated database for microRNA deregulation in human disease. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37:D98\u2013D104.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3018_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.56028\/aetr.1.2.497","volume":"1","author":"W Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu W, Zhang X. Research progress of miRNA in different depression model samples. Adv Eng Technol Res. 2022;1:497.","journal-title":"Adv Eng Technol Res"},{"key":"3018_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D360","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1144","volume":"46","author":"T Tokar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tokar T, Pastrello C, Rossos AEM, Abovsky M, Hauschild A-C, Tsay M, et al. mirDIP 4.1-integrative database of human microRNA target predictions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46:D360\u2013D370.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3018_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.12.009","volume":"78","author":"M Geaghan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geaghan M, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA and posttranscriptional dysregulation in psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78:231\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630876","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.630876","volume":"12","author":"Z-X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Z-X, Chen Y, Guo H-R, Chen G-F. Systematic review and bioinformatic analysis of microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder identifies pathways associated with cancer, metabolism, cell signaling, and cell adhesion. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:630876.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090947","volume":"9","author":"M Marrale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marrale M, Albanese NN, Cal\u00ec F, Romano V. Assessing the impact of copy number variants on miRNA genes in autism by monte carlo simulation. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e90947.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3018_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056781","volume":"8","author":"V Vaishnavi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaishnavi V, Manikandan M, Tiwary BK, Munirajan AK. Insights on the functional impact of microRNAs present in autism-associated copy number variants. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e56781.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3018_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S25132","volume":"10","author":"J Satoh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Satoh J, Kino Y, Niida S. MicroRNA-seq data analysis pipeline to identify blood biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease from public data. Biomark Insights. 2015;10:BMI.S25132.","journal-title":"Biomark Insights"},{"key":"3018_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2020.0046","volume":"29","author":"M Bame","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bame M, McInnis MG, O\u2019Shea KS. MicroRNA alterations in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from bipolar disorder patients: pathways involved in neuronal differentiation, axon guidance, and plasticity. Stem Cells Dev. 2020;29:1145\u201359.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"3018_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab046","volume":"47","author":"D Panja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panja D, Li Y, Ward ME, Li Z. miR-936 is increased in schizophrenia and inhibits neural development and AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. Schizophr Bull. 2021;47:1795\u2013805.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"3018_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132387","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132387","volume":"10","author":"D Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao D, Lin M, Chen J, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Fourcade HM, et al. MicroRNA profiling of neurons generated using induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and 22q11.2 del. PloS ONE. 2015;10:e0132387.","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"3018_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786632","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.786632","volume":"15","author":"B Swathy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swathy B, Banerjee M. Understanding pharmaco-epigenomic response of antipsychotic drugs using genome-wide microRNA expression profile in liver cell line. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:786632.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"3018_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90020-8","volume":"2","author":"K Hornik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hornik K, Stinchcombe M, White H. Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators. Neural Netw. 1989;2:359\u201366.","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"3018_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","volume":"70","author":"J Cohen","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cohen J. Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull. 1968;70:213\u201320.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"3018_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20:37\u201346.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"3018_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0609-0","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Jinde S, Koike S, Tada M, Satomura Y, Yoshikawa A, et al. Altered expression of microRNA-223 in the plasma of patients with first-episode schizophrenia and its possible relation to neuronal migration-related genes. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:289.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07457","volume":"455","author":"MB Ramocki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramocki MB, Zoghbi HY. Failure of neuronal homeostasis results in common neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Nature. 2008;455:912\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3018_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03212-x","volume":"46","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Alnafisah RS, Hamoud A-R, Shukla R, Wen Z, Mccullumsmith R, et al. Role of astrocytes in major neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurochem Res. 2021;46:2715\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"3018_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102131","volume":"25","author":"M Madre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Madre M, Canales-Rodr\u00edguez EJ, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Alonso-Lana S, Salgado-Pineda P, Guerrero-Pedraza A, et al. Structural abnormality in schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder: a whole brain cortical thickness, surface area, volume and gyrification analyses. NeuroImage Clin. 2020;25:102131.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"3018_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00030","volume":"11","author":"Y Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim Y, Santos R, Gage FH, Marchetto MC. Molecular mechanisms of bipolar disorder: progress made and future challenges. Front Cell Neurosci. 2017;11:30.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3018_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000443","volume":"17","author":"B Pfaffenseller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pfaffenseller B, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Fries GR, Colpo GD, Burque RK, Bristot G, et al. Impaired endoplasmic reticulum stress response in bipolar disorder: cellular evidence of illness progression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17:1453\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"3018_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1497","volume":"154","author":"JC Nelson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nelson JC, Davis JM. DST studies in psychotic depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:1497\u2013503.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3018_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050837","volume":"13","author":"MM Schumacher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schumacher MM, Santambrogio J. Cortisol and the dexamethasone suppression test as a biomarker for melancholic depression: a narrative review. J Pers Med. 2023;13:837.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"3018_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30243","volume":"141B","author":"K Aberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aberg K, Saetre P, Lindholm E, Ekholm B, Pettersson U, Adolfsson R, et al. Human QKI, a new candidate gene for schizophrenia involved in myelination. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2006;141B:84\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3018_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013079","volume":"5","author":"L Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang L, Saetre P, Radomska KJ, Jazin E, Lindholm Carlstr\u00f6m E. QKI-7 regulates expression of interferon-related genes in human astrocyte glioma cells. PloS ONE. 2010;5:e13079.","journal-title":"PloS ONE"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03018-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03018-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03018-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T12:21:55Z","timestamp":1757161315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03018-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-025-03018-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4279982\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In this article ref. 40 and 41 was incorrect and should have been '<i>These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship<\/i>'.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Two co-authors provide the following financial interest and personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: JW, that organized the PsyCourse recruitment at the G\u00f6ttingen university medical center, receives consulting fees from Immungenetics, Noselab, Roboscreen, is member of advisory boards of Abbott, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, MSD SHARP DOHME, Roche; received payment for lectures from Beeijing Yibai Science and Technology Ltd., Gloryren, Janssen Cilag, Pfizer, Med Update GmbH, Roche Pharma, Lilly and holds patents PCT\/EP 2011 001724 and PCT\/EP 2015 052945. PF has been EPA president in 2022 and is a co-editor of the German (DGPPN) schizophrenia treatment guidelines and a co-author of the WFSBP schizophrenia treatment guidelines; he is on the advisory boards and receives speaker fees from Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier and Richter.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Data and samples used for these analyses were obtained from the PsyCourse Study, a longitudinal, multisite, observational transdiagnostic study that was conducted at in Germany and Austria within the frameworks of the Clinical Research Group 241 (KFO241 consortium;\n                      \n                      ) and the PsyCourse consortium (\n                      \n                      ). The study design has been described in detail elsewhere (PMID: 30070057;\n                      \n                      ). The official period of data collection was from January 2012 through December 2019. The study protocol was approved by the respective ethics committee for each study center and was carried out following the rules of the Declaration of Helsinki. All study participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}