{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:49:51Z","timestamp":1788922191725,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aberrant dopamine (DA) signaling is implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), substance use disorder, and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment of these disorders remains inadequate, as exemplified by the therapeutic use of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, agents with high abuse liability. In search for an improved and non-addictive therapeutic approach for the treatment of DA-linked disorders, we utilized a preclinical mouse model expressing the human DA transporter (DAT) coding variant DAT Val559, previously identified in individuals with ADHD, ASD, or BPD. DAT Val559, like several other disease-associated variants of DAT, exhibits anomalous DA efflux (ADE) that can be blocked by d-amphetamine and methylphenidate. Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) are expressed by DA neurons and modulate DA release and clearance, suggesting that targeting KORs might also provide an alternative approach to normalizing DA-signaling disrupted by perturbed DAT function. Here we demonstrate that KOR stimulation leads to enhanced surface trafficking and phosphorylation of Thr53 in wildtype DAT, effects achieved constitutively by the Val559 mutant. Moreover, these effects can be rescued by KOR antagonism of DAT Val559 in ex vivo preparations. Importantly, KOR antagonism also corrected in vivo DA release as well as sex-dependent behavioral abnormalities observed in DAT Val559 mice. Given their low abuse liability, our studies with a construct valid model of human DA associated disorders reinforce considerations of KOR antagonism as a pharmacological strategy to treat DA associated brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03055-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T15:22:55Z","timestamp":1748532175000},"page":"4651-4664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Kappa opioid receptor antagonism restores phosphorylation, trafficking and behavior induced by a disease-associated dopamine transporter variant"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9837-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix P.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-2471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durairaj Ragu","family":"Varman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena B.","family":"Areal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raajaram","family":"Gowrishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyria","family":"Wickham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Katamish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lankupalle D.","family":"Jayanthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne A.","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynette C.","family":"Daws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy D.","family":"Blakely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1093-7887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammanda","family":"Ramamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","volume":"68","author":"ES Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bromberg-Martin ES, Matsumoto M, Hikosaka O. Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting. Neuron. 2010;68:815\u201334.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3055_CR2","first-page":"787","volume-title":"Nature Neuroscience","author":"JD Berke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berke JD. What does dopamine mean? Nature Neuroscience. 21. Nature Publishing Group; 2018. p. 787\u201393."},{"key":"3055_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245133","volume":"107","author":"JD Salamone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Salamone JD. Complex motor and sensorimotor functions of striatal and accumbens dopamine: involvement in instrumental behavior processes. Psychopharmacology. 1992;107:160\u201374.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"3055_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.12.040","volume":"69","author":"JJM Barnes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barnes JJM, Dean AJ, Nandam LS, O\u2019Connell RG, Bellgrove MA. The molecular genetics of executive function: role of monoamine system genes. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:e127\u201343.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Kollins SH, Wigal TL, Newcorn JH, Telang F, et al. Evaluating Dopamine Reward Pathway in ADHD Clinical Implications [Internet]. 2009. Available from: https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1308"},{"key":"3055_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1159\/000478725","volume":"39","author":"D Pav\u0103l","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pav\u0103l D. A dopamine hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder. Dev Neurosci. 2017;39:355\u201360.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.16","volume":"22","author":"AH Ashok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashok AH, Marques TR, Jauhar S, Nour MM, Goodwin GM, Young AH, et al. The dopamine hypothesis of bipolar affective disorder: the state of the art and implications for treatment. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:666\u201379.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","volume":"39","author":"W Dauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dauer W, Przedborski S. Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron. 2003;39:889\u2013909.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3055_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.57","volume":"17","author":"AA Grace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grace AA. Dysregulation of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17:524\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3381","volume":"14","author":"SJ Russo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Russo SJ, Nestler EJ. The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:609\u201325.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.000869","volume":"63","author":"AS Kristensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kristensen AS, Andersen J, J\u00f8rgensen TN, S\u00f8rensen L, Eriksen J, Loland CJ, et al. SLC6 neurotransmitter transporters: structure, function, and regulation. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63:585\u2013640.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"3055_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/379606a0","volume":"379","author":"B Giros","year":"1996","unstructured":"Giros B, Jaber M, Jones SR, Wightman RM, Caron MG. Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Nature. 1996;379:606\u201312.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"3055_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.4029","volume":"95","author":"SR Jones","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jones SR, Gainetdinov RR, Jaber M, Giros B, Wightman RM, Caron MG. Profound neuronal plasticity in response to inactivation of the dopamine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:4029\u201334.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3055_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.011","volume":"57","author":"BK Madras","year":"2005","unstructured":"Madras BK, Miller GM, Fischman AJ. The dopamine transporter and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1397\u2013409.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.45","volume":"36","author":"JK Pinsonneault","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinsonneault JK, Han DD, Burdick KE, Kataki M, Bertolino A, Malhotra AK, et al. Dopamine transporter gene variant affecting expression in human brain is associated with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011;36:1644\u201355.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113482532","volume":"27","author":"DJ Heal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heal DJ, Smith SL, Gosden J, Nutt DJ. Amphetamine, past and present\u2013a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J Psychopharmacol. 2013;27:479\u201396.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3055_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10038","volume":"43","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Franceschi D, Maynard L, et al. Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: therapeutic implications. Synapse. 2002;43:181\u20137.","journal-title":"Synapse."},{"key":"3055_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4779","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417294111","volume":"111","author":"MA Mergy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mergy MA, Gowrishankar R, Gresch PJ, Gantz SC, Williams J, Davis GL, et al. The rare DAT coding variant Val559 perturbs da neuron function, changes behavior, and alters in vivo responses to psychostimulants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:E4779\u201388.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3055_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.09.043","volume":"337","author":"GL Davis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davis GL, Stewart A, Stanwood GD, Gowrishankar R, Hahn MK, Blakely RD. Functional coding variation in the presynaptic dopamine transporter associated with neuropsychiatric disorders drives enhanced motivation and context-dependent impulsivity in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2018;337:61\u20139.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3055_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0301-8","volume":"44","author":"A Stewart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stewart A, Davis GL, Gresch PJ, Katamish RM, Peart R, Rabil MJ, et al. Serotonin transporter inhibition and 5-HT2C receptor activation drive loss of cocaine-induced locomotor activation in DAT Val559 mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44:994\u20131006.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127411","volume":"129","author":"GE DiCarlo","year":"2019","unstructured":"DiCarlo GE, Aguilar JI, Matthies HJ, Harrison FE, Bundschuh KE, West A, et al. Autism-linked dopamine transporter mutation alters striatal dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-dependent behaviors. J Clin Invest. 2019;129:3407\u201319.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3055_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113267","volume":"408","author":"D Ragu Varman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ragu Varman D, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Jayanthi LD, Ramamoorthy S. Novelty-induced hyperactivity and suppressed cocaine induced locomotor activation in mice lacking threonine 53 phosphorylation of dopamine transporter. Behav Brain Res. 2021;408:113267.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3055_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244059","volume":"11","author":"A Stewart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stewart A, Davis GL, Areal LB, Rabil MJ, Tran V, Mayer FP, et al. Male DAT Val559 mice exhibit compulsive behavior under devalued reward conditions accompanied by cellular and pharmacological changes. Cells. 2022;11:4059.","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"3055_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01773-7","volume":"27","author":"A Stewart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stewart A, Mayer FP, Gowrishankar R, Davis GL, Areal LB, Gresch PJ, et al. Behaviorally penetrant, anomalous dopamine efflux exposes sex and circuit dependent regulation of dopamine transporters. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:4869\u201380.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01341-5","volume":"27","author":"MEA Reith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reith MEA, Kortagere S, Wiers CE, Sun H, Kurian MA, Galli A, et al. The dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3: multidisease risks. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:1031\u201346.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.08.003","volume":"49","author":"MS Mazei-Robison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mazei-Robison MS, Couch RS, Shelton RC, Stein MA, Blakely RD. Sequence variation in the human dopamine transporter gene in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2005;49:724\u201336.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6033-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"D Sakrikar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakrikar D, Mazei-Robison MS, Mergy MA, Richtand NW, Han Q, Hamilton PJ, et al. Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder-derived coding variation in the dopamine transporter disrupts microdomain targeting and trafficking regulation. J Neurosci. 2012;32:5385\u201397.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI73778","volume":"124","author":"FH Hansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hansen FH, Skj\u00f8rringe T, Yasmeen S, Arends NV, Sahai MA, Erreger K, et al. Missense dopamine transporter mutations associate with adult parkinsonism and ADHD. J Clin Invest. 2014;124:3107\u201320.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3055_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-014-0486-8","volume":"264","author":"LA de Azeredo","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Azeredo LA, Rovaris DL, Mota NR, Polina ER, Marques FZ, Contini V, et al. Further evidence for the association between a polymorphism in the promoter region of SLC6A3\/DAT1 and ADHD: findings from a sample of adults. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;264:401\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000711","volume":"5","author":"F Gr\u00fcnhage","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnhage F, Schulze TG, M\u00fcller DJ, Lanczik M, Franzek E, Albus M, et al. Systematic screening for DNA sequence variation in the coding region of the human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). Mol Psychiatry. 2000;5:275\u201382.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.102","volume":"18","author":"PJ Hamilton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamilton PJ, Campbell NG, Sharma S, Erreger K, Herborg Hansen F, Saunders C, et al. De novo mutation in the dopamine transporter gene associates dopamine dysfunction with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18:1315\u201323.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.90","volume":"4","author":"E Bowton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bowton E, Saunders C, Reddy IA, Campbell NG, Hamilton PJ, Henry LK, et al. SLC6A3 coding variant Ala559Val found in two autism probands alters dopamine transporter function and trafficking. Transl Psychiatry. 2014;4:e464.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.08.012","volume":"49","author":"MS Mazei-Robison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mazei-Robison MS, Blakely RD. Expression studies of naturally occurring human dopamine transporter variants identifies a novel state of transporter inactivation associated with Val382Ala. Neuropharmacology. 2005;49:737\u201349.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7250","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.001753","volume":"293","author":"F Herborg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herborg F, Andreassen TF, Berlin F, Loland CJ, Gether U. Neuropsychiatric disease-associated genetic variants of the dopamine transporter display heterogeneous molecular phenotypes. J Biol Chem. 2018;293:7250\u201362.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107785","volume":"222","author":"S Bhat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhat S, El-Kasaby A, Freissmuth M, Sucic S. Functional and biochemical consequences of disease variants in neurotransmitter transporters: a special emphasis on folding and trafficking deficits. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;222:107785.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3055_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00268","volume":"8","author":"Y Leitner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leitner Y. The co-occurrence of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children - what do we know? Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:268.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0092-x","volume":"19","author":"NNJ Rommelse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rommelse NNJ, Franke B, Geurts HM, Hartman CA, Buitelaar JK. Shared heritability of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19:281\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-022-02496-z","volume":"142","author":"A Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou A, Cao X, Mahaganapathy V, Azaro M, Gwin C, Wilson S, et al. Common genetic risk factors in ASD and ADHD co-occurring families. Hum Genet. 2023;142:217\u201330.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"3055_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.017","volume":"124","author":"C Schiweck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schiweck C, Arteaga-Henriquez G, Aichholzer M, Edwin Thanarajah S, Vargas-C\u00e1ceres S, Matura S, et al. Comorbidity of ADHD and adult bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;124:100\u201323.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3055_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.08.040","volume":"82","author":"KJE van Hulzen","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Hulzen KJE, Scholz CJ, Franke B, Ripke S, Klein M, McQuillin A, et al. Genetic overlap between attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder: evidence from genome-wide association study meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82:634\u201341.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7040","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0473-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"MS Mazei-Robison","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mazei-Robison MS, Bowton E, Holy M, Schmudermaier M, Freissmuth M, Sitte HH, et al. Anomalous dopamine release associated with a human dopamine transporter coding variant. J Neurosci. 2008;28:7040\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5094-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"E Bowton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowton E, Saunders C, Erreger K, Sakrikar D, Matthies HJ, Sen N, et al. Dysregulation of dopamine transporters via dopamine D2 autoreceptors triggers anomalous dopamine efflux associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neurosci. 2010;30:6048\u201357.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00350","volume":"10","author":"LB Thal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thal LB, Tomlinson ID, Quinlan MA, Kovtun O, Blakely RD, Rosenthal SJ. Single quantum dot imaging reveals PKC\u03b2-dependent alterations in membrane diffusion and clustering of an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder\/autism\/bipolar disorder-associated dopamine transporter variant. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019;10:460\u201371.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.176","volume":"22","author":"J Garcia-Olivares","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Olivares J, Baust T, Harris S, Hamilton P, Galli A, Amara SG, et al. G\u03b2\u03b3 subunit activation promotes dopamine efflux through the dopamine transporter. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:1673\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642881","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.642881","volume":"12","author":"JA Pino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pino JA, Nu\u00f1ez-Vivanco G, Hidalgo G, Reyes Parada M, Khoshbouei H, Torres GE. Identification of critical residues in the carboxy terminus of the dopamine transporter involved in the G protein \u03b2\u03b3-Induced dopamine efflux. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:642881.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3055_CR46","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Neurochemistry International","author":"MA Mergy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mergy MA, Gowrishankar R, Davis GL, Jessen TN, Wright J, Stanwood GD, et al. Genetic targeting of the amphetamine and methylphenidate-sensitive dopamine transporter: on the path to an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurochemistry International. 73. Elsevier Ltd; 2014. p. 56\u201370."},{"key":"3055_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11250","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.774075","volume":"292","author":"WC Hong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hong WC, Yano H, Hiranita T, Chin FT, McCurdy CR, Su TP, et al. The sigma-1 receptor modulates dopamine transporter conformation and cocaine binding and may thereby potentiate cocaine self-administration in rats. J Biol Chem. 2017;292:11250\u201361.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4559-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"LA Ega\u00f1a","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ega\u00f1a LA, Cuevas RA, Baust TB, Parra LA, Leak RK, Hochendoner S, et al. Physical and functional interaction between the dopamine transporter and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin-3. J Neurosci. 2009;29:4592\u2013604.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadd8417","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add8417","volume":"9","author":"A Shekar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shekar A, Mabry SJ, Cheng MH, Aguilar JI, Patel S, Zanella D, et al. Syntaxin 1 Ser14 phosphorylation is required for nonvesicular dopamine release. Sci Adv. 2023;9:eadd8417.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"3055_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.07.005","volume":"34","author":"RA Vaughan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaughan RA, Foster JD. Mechanisms of dopamine transporter regulation in normal and disease states. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013;34:489\u201396.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3055_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.012260","volume":"68","author":"DP Bermingham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bermingham DP, Blakely RD. Kinase-dependent regulation of monoamine neurotransmitter transporters. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68:888\u2013953.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"3055_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.027763","volume":"71","author":"EA Bolan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bolan EA, Kivell B, Jaligam V, Oz M, Jayanthi LD, Han Y, et al. D2 receptors regulate dopamine transporter function via an extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2-dependent and phosphoinositide 3 kinase-independent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;71:1222\u201332.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3055_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35842","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611758200","volume":"282","author":"A Zapata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zapata A, Kivell B, Han Y, Javitch JA, Bolan EA, Kuraguntla D, et al. Regulation of dopamine transporter function and cell surface expression by D3 dopamine receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:35842\u201354.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.07.016","volume":"86","author":"B Kivell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kivell B, Uzelac Z, Sundaramurthy S, Rajamanickam J, Ewald A, Chefer V, et al. Salvinorin A regulates dopamine transporter function via a kappa opioid receptor and ERK1\/2-dependent mechanism. Neuropharmacology. 2014;86:228\u201340.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601656","volume":"26","author":"FJS Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee FJS, Pei L, Moszczynska A, Vukusic B, Fletcher PJ, Liu F. Dopamine transporter cell surface localization facilitated by a direct interaction with the dopamine D2 receptor. EMBO J. 2007;26:2127\u201336.","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"3055_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0055-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"R Gowrishankar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gowrishankar R, Gresch PJ, Davis GL, Katamish RM, Riele JR, Stewart AM, et al. Region-specific regulation of presynaptic dopamine homeostasis by D2 autoreceptors shapes the in vivo impact of the neuropsychiatric disease-associated DAT variant Val559. J Neurosci. 2018;38:5302\u201312.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02693-7","volume":"94","author":"D Luethi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luethi D, Liechti ME. Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94:1085\u2013133.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"3055_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10005","volume":"42","author":"AL Svingos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Svingos AL, Chavkin C, Colago EE, Pickel VM. Major coexpression of kappa-opioid receptors and the dopamine transporter in nucleus accumbens axonal profiles. Synapse. 2001;42:185\u201392.","journal-title":"Synapse."},{"key":"3055_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9981","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-31-09981.2003","volume":"23","author":"EB Margolis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Margolis EB, Hjelmstad GO, Bonci A, Fields HL. Kappa-opioid agonists directly inhibit midbrain dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci. 2003;23:9981\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4458-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"BB Land","year":"2008","unstructured":"Land BB, Bruchas MR, Lemos JC, Xu M, Melief EJ, Chavkin C. The dysphoric component of stress is encoded by activation of the dynorphin kappa-opioid system. J Neurosci. 2008;28:407\u201314.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.245","volume":"43","author":"B Reed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reed B, Butelman ER, Fry RS, Kimani R, Kreek MJ. Repeated administration of opra kappa (LY2456302), a novel, short-acting, selective KOP-r antagonist, in persons with and without cocaine dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43:928.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.286","volume":"54","author":"SL Lowe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lowe SL, Wong CJ, Witcher J, Gonzales CR, Dickinson GL, Bell RL, et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of single- and multiple-ascending doses of a novel kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 and drug interaction with ethanol in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;54:968\u201378.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3055_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0806-7","volume":"26","author":"AD Krystal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krystal AD, Pizzagalli DA, Smoski M, Mathew SJ, Nurnberger J, Lisanby SH, et al. A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial applying the \u201cfast-fail\u201d approach to evaluating \u03ba-opioid antagonism as a treatment for anhedonia. Nat Med. 2020;26:760\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3055_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0738-4","volume":"45","author":"DA Pizzagalli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pizzagalli DA, Smoski M, Ang YS, Whitton AE, Sanacora G, Mathew SJ, et al. Selective kappa-opioid antagonism ameliorates anhedonic behavior: evidence from the fast-fail trial in mood and anxiety spectrum disorders (FAST-MAS). Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45:1656\u201363.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"3055_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29702","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.367706","volume":"287","author":"JD Foster","year":"2012","unstructured":"Foster JD, Yang JW, Moritz AE, Challasivakanaka S, Smith MA, Holy M, et al. Dopamine transporter phosphorylation site threonine 53 regulates substrate reuptake and amphetamine-stimulated efflux. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:29702\u201312.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daws LC, Owens WA, Toney GM Using High-Speed Chronoamperometry to Measure Biogenic Amine Release and Uptake In Vivo. In 2016. p. 53\u201381.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3765-3_4"},{"key":"3055_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.09.009","volume":"129","author":"S Ramamoorthy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramamoorthy S, Shippenberg TS, Jayanthi LD. Regulation of monoamine transporters: role of transporter phosphorylation. Pharmacol Ther. 2011;129:220\u201338.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3055_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01843-w","volume":"28","author":"FP Mayer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayer FP, Niello M, Cintulova D, Sideromenos S, Maier J, Li Y, et al. Serotonin-releasing agents with reduced off-target effects. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28:722\u201332.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.10.004","volume":"83\u201384","author":"JD Foster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foster JD, Vaughan RA. Phosphorylation mechanisms in dopamine transporter regulation. J Chem Neuroanat. 2017;83\u201384:10\u20138.","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"3055_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1021\/bi801696n","volume":"48","author":"BK Gorentla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gorentla BK, Moritz AE, Foster JD, Vaughan RA. Proline-directed phosphorylation of the dopamine transporter N-terminal domain. Biochemistry. 2009;48:1067\u201376.","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"key":"3055_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19066","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.787002","volume":"292","author":"S Challasivakanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Challasivakanaka S, Zhen J, Smith ME, Reith MEA, Foster JD, Vaughan RA. Dopamine transporter phosphorylation site threonine 53 is stimulated by amphetamines and regulates dopamine transport, efflux, and cocaine analog binding. J Biol Chem. 2017;292:19066\u201375.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21012","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311972200","volume":"279","author":"LB Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li LB, Chen N, Ramamoorthy S, Chi L, Cui XN, Wang LC, et al. The role of N-glycosylation in function and surface trafficking of the human dopamine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:21012\u201320.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gulley JM, Larson GA, Zahniser NR. Using High-Speed Chronoamperometry with Local Dopamine Application to Assess Dopamine Transporter Function. In: Michael AC, Borland LM, editors. Electrochemical Methods for Neuroscience, Ch. 6. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis; 2007.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420005868.ch6"},{"key":"3055_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11434-1","volume":"260","author":"P Horan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Horan P, Taylor J, Yamamura HI, Porreca F. Extremely long-lasting antagonistic actions of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) in the mouse tail-flick test. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992;260:1237\u201343.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"3055_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29803","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705540200","volume":"282","author":"MR Bruchas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bruchas MR, Yang T, Schreiber S, Defino M, Kwan SC, Li S, et al. Long-acting kappa opioid antagonists disrupt receptor signaling and produce noncompetitive effects by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:29803\u201311.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3055_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01272-X","volume":"463","author":"L Prut","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prut L, Belzung C. The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;463:3\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3055_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.014","volume":"34","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Newcorn J, Fowler JS, Telang F, Solanto MV, et al. Brain dopamine transporter levels in treatment and drug na\u00efve adults with ADHD. Neuroimage. 2007;34:1182\u201390.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"3055_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.07.014","volume":"81","author":"OD Howes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howes OD, McCutcheon R, Owen MJ, Murray RM. The Role of Genes, Stress, and Dopamine in the Development of Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;81:9\u201320.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.278","volume":"10","author":"SS Jeste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeste SS, Geschwind DH. Disentangling the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder through genetic findings. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10:74\u201381.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3055_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80419-5","volume":"19","author":"YM Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang YM, Gainetdinov RR, Fumagalli F, Xu F, Jones SR, Bock CB, et al. Knockout of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene results in neonatal death and supersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamine. Neuron. 1997;19:1285\u201396.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3055_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90145-0","volume":"83","author":"QY Zhou","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhou QY, Palmiter RD. Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive, adipsic, and aphagic. Cell. 1995;83:1197\u2013209.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"3055_CR82","first-page":"1595","volume":"119","author":"MA Kurian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kurian MA, Zhen J, Cheng SY, Li Y, Mordekar SR, Jardine P, et al. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the dopamine transporter are associated with infantile parkinsonism-dystonia. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1595\u2013603.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3055_CR83","unstructured":"Saul RVV, Kurian MA. SLC6A3-Related Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome. Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Maemiya A, editors. Gene Reviews [Internet] Seattle, WA; University of Washington, Seattle; 1993."},{"key":"3055_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13964","volume":"134","author":"FP Mayer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mayer FP, Stewart A, Blakely RD. Leaky lessons learned: Efflux prone dopamine transporter variant reveals sex and circuit specific contributions of D2 receptor signalling to neuropsychiatric disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024;134:206\u201318.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"3055_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14612","volume":"148","author":"VH Azocar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azocar VH, Sep\u00falveda G, Ruiz C, Aguilera C, Andr\u00e9s ME, Fuentealba JA. The blocking of kappa-opioid receptor reverses the changes in dorsolateral striatum dopamine dynamics during the amphetamine sensitization. J Neurochem. 2019;148:348\u201358.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3055_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9333","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09333.2000","volume":"20","author":"AC Thompson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thompson AC, Zapata A, Justice JB, Vaughan RA, Sharpe LG, Shippenberg TS. Kappa-opioid receptor activation modifies dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens and opposes the effects of cocaine. J Neurosci. 2000;20:9333\u201340.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace CW, Holleran KM, Slinkard CY, Centanni SW, Lapish CC, Jones SR. Kappa opioid receptors diminish spontaneous dopamine signals in awake mice through multiple mechanisms. Neuropharmacology. 2025;273:110458.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110458"},{"key":"3055_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.58","volume":"38","author":"A Van\u2019t Veer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van\u2019t Veer A, Bechtholt AJ, Onvani S, Potter D, Wang Y, Liu-Chen LY, et al. Ablation of kappa-opioid receptors from brain dopamine neurons has anxiolytic-like effects and enhances cocaine-induced plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38:1585\u201397.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3055_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.09.024","volume":"110","author":"MB Pomrenze","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pomrenze MB, Cardozo Pinto DF, Neumann PA, Llorach P, Tucciarone JM, Morishita W, et al. Modulation of 5-HT release by dynorphin mediates social deficits during opioid withdrawal. Neuron. 2022;110:4125\u201343.e6.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"3055_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.05.003","volume":"27","author":"U Gether","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gether U, Andersen PH, Larsson OM, Schousboe A. Neurotransmitter transporters: molecular function of important drug targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006;27:375\u201383.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3055_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108574","volume":"253","author":"LE Honan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Honan LE, Fraser-Spears R, Daws LC. Organic cation transporters in psychiatric and substance use disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 2024;253:108574.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3055_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111431","volume":"40","author":"MD Lycas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lycas MD, Ejdrup AL, S\u00f8rensen AT, Haahr NO, J\u00f8rgensen SH, Guthrie DA, et al. Nanoscopic dopamine transporter distribution and conformation are inversely regulated by excitatory drive and D2 autoreceptor activity. Cell Rep. 2022;40:111431.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"3055_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0620-0","volume":"26","author":"AN Belovich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belovich AN, Aguilar JI, Mabry SJ, Cheng MH, Zanella D, Hamilton PJ, et al. A network of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding sites on the dopamine transporter regulates amphetamine behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:4417\u201330.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1545","volume":"10","author":"PJ Hamilton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamilton PJ, Belovich AN, Khelashvili G, Saunders C, Erreger K, Javitch JA, et al. PIP2 regulates psychostimulant behaviors through its interaction with a membrane protein. Nat Chem Biol. 2014;10:582\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"3055_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.048447","volume":"74","author":"F Binda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Binda F, Dipace C, Bowton E, Robertson SD, Lute BJ, Fog JU, et al. Syntaxin 1A interaction with the dopamine transporter promotes amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux. Mol Pharmacol. 2008;74:1101\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3055_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11642","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220552110","volume":"110","author":"F Buchmayer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buchmayer F, Schicker K, Steinkellner T, Geier P, St\u00fcbiger G, Hamilton PJ, et al. Amphetamine actions at the serotonin transporter rely on the availability of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:11642\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3055_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00041-0","volume":"26","author":"R Lalonde","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lalonde R. The neurobiological basis of spontaneous alternation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26:91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3055_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa238","volume":"31","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, McCarthy DM, Eskow Jaunarajs KL, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Bhide PG. Frontal cortical monoamine release, attention, and working memory in a perinatal nicotine exposure mouse model following kappa opioid receptor antagonism. Cereb Cortex. 2021;31:483\u201396.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"3055_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0640-1","volume":"9","author":"JB Dwyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dwyer JB, Cardenas A, Franke RM, Chen Y, Bai Y, Belluzzi JD, et al. Prenatal nicotine sex-dependently alters adolescent dopamine system development. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:304.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3055_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/nn769","volume":"4","author":"FM Zhou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhou FM, Liang Y, Dani JA. Endogenous nicotinic cholinergic activity regulates dopamine release in the striatum. Nat Neurosci. 2001;4:1224\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3055_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2215230120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215230120","volume":"120","author":"SH J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen SH, Ejdrup AL, Lycas MD, Posselt LP, Madsen KL, Tian L, et al. Behavioral encoding across timescales by region-specific dopamine dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2023;120:e2215230120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3055_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00238-3","volume":"138","author":"F Sargolini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sargolini F, Roullet P, Oliverio A, Mele A. Effects of intra-accumbens focal administrations of glutamate antagonists on object recognition memory in mice. Behavioural Brain Research. 2003;138:153\u201363.","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03055-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03055-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03055-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T15:41:48Z","timestamp":1757950908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03055-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-025-03055-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.05.03.539310","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All procedures involving animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of UT San Antonio Health Sciences Center (Protocol # 20100062AR), University of North Dakota (Protocol # 0705-10c.), or Florida Atlantic University (Protocol A22-15) depending on the site of assays, in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. No human subjects were included in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}