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We found that selectively deleting cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    R) from advillin\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    peripheral sensory neurons eliminates the inhibitory effect of the peripheral CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    R antagonist JD5037 on voluntary ethanol intake (VEI). Similar results were seen in mice with CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    R deletion in Phox2b\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    nodose ganglia (NGA), but not in Wnt\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    dorsal root ganglia. These findings were corroborated with MRI-1891, another non-brain penetrant CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    R antagonist. The inhibition of VEI by JD5037 was lost in\n                    <jats:italic>Gpr65<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>Cre<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>Cnr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>lox\/lox<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice but remained intact in Glp1r\n                    <jats:sup>Cre<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>Cnr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>lox\/lox<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Additionally, deleting the ghrelin receptor (Ghsr) from Phox2b\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NGA neurons blocked the inhibition of alcohol intake\u00a0either by a Ghsr or by CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    R antagonists. Thus, CB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    R on Gpr65\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NGA projections to the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is essential for VEI. These findings also suggest a mutual interdependence of endocannabinoid and ghrelin signaling in controlling VEI via a gut-brain axis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03266-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T14:59:26Z","timestamp":1758380366000},"page":"48-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CB1 receptors on a subset of vagal afferent neurons modulate voluntary ethanol intake in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alexa","family":"Herrerias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9211-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Oliverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szabolcs","family":"Dvor\u00e1csk\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthi","family":"Thyagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Chedester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-7253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Resat","family":"Cinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malliga R.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1788-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Kunos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5489-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Godlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3266_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Tomasi D, Baler R. 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