{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:44:28Z","timestamp":1793144668894,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03608-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:43:01Z","timestamp":1776969781000},"page":"5172-5183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neuroendocrine signature of ME\/CFS: Meta-analytic evidence for bioactive cortisol deficit and exaggerated feedback sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tae-Wook","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Yeol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1046-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Gue","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-022-01439-4","volume":"192","author":"FE Marino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marino FE, Sibson BE, Lieberman DE. The evolution of human fatigue resistance. J Comp Physiol B. 2022;192:411\u201322.","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol B"},{"key":"3608_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad069","volume":"46","author":"DM Raizen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raizen DM, Mullington J, Anaclet C, Clarke G, Critchley H, Dantzer R, et al. Beyond the symptom: the biology of fatigue. Sleep. 2023;46:zsad069.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3608_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.03.028","volume":"2","author":"LA Jason","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jason LA, Evans M, Brown M, Porter N. What is fatigue? Pathological and nonpathological fatigue. PM&R. 2010;2:327\u201331.","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"3608_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.037","volume":"61","author":"M Al Maqbali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al Naamani Z, Al Badi K, Tanash. MaI. Prevalence of fatigue in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021;61:167\u201389.e114.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"3608_CR5","volume-title":"Beyond myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: redefining an illness","author":"Populations BotHoS, Syndrome CotDCfMECF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Populations BotHoS, Syndrome CotDCfMECF. Beyond myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: redefining an illness. National Academies Press: Washington, DC; 2015."},{"key":"3608_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395316644770","volume":"12","author":"T Pendergrast","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pendergrast T, Brown A, Sunnquist M, Jantke R, Newton JL, Strand EB, et al. Housebound versus nonhousebound patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Chronic Illn. 2016;12:292\u2013307.","journal-title":"Chronic Illn"},{"key":"3608_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27031","volume":"10","author":"RS K\u00f6nig","year":"2024","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig RS, Paris DH, Sollberger M, Tschopp R. Identifying the mental health burden in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS) patients in Switzerland: A pilot study. Heliyon. 2024;10:e27031.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3608_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02269-0","volume":"18","author":"E-J Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim E-J, Ahn Y-C, Jang E-S, Lee S-W, Lee S-H, Son C-G. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME). J Transl Med. 2020;18:100.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3608_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston S, Brenu EW, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol 2013:105-10.","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S39876"},{"key":"3608_CR10","unstructured":"ME\/CFS Basics. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/me-cfs\/about\/index.html, 2024, Accessed Date Accessed 2024 Accessed."},{"key":"3608_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1386607","volume":"15","author":"HE Arron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arron HE, Marsh BD, Kell DB, Khan MA, Jaeger BR, Pretorius E. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: the biology of a neglected disease. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1386607.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3608_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo1261","volume":"377","author":"S Marshall-Gradisnik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marshall-Gradisnik S, Eaton-Fitch N. Understanding myalgic encephalomyelitis. Science. 2022;377:1150\u20131.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3608_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0014","volume":"24","author":"AJ Cleare","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cleare AJ. The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2003;24:236\u201352.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"3608_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.153","volume":"8","author":"AS Papadopoulos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papadopoulos AS, Cleare AJ. Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8:22\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"3608_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307","volume":"338","author":"BS McEwen","year":"1998","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:171\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3608_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000026543","volume":"38","author":"S MacHale","year":"1998","unstructured":"MacHale S, Cavanagh J, Bennie J, Carroll S, Goodwin G, Lawrie S. Diurnal variation of adrenocortical activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;38:213\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"3608_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.12.011","volume":"18","author":"LJ Crofford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crofford LJ, Young EA, Engleberg NC, Korszun A, Brucksch CB, McClure LA, et al. Basal circadian and pulsatile ACTH and cortisol secretion in patients with fibromyalgia and\/or chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun. 2004;18:314\u201325.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3608_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.06.021","volume":"49","author":"DL Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall DL, Lattie EG, Antoni MH, Fletcher MA, Czaja S, Perdomo D, et al. Stress management skills, cortisol awakening response, and post-exertional malaise in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;49:26\u201331.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3608_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00404-6","volume":"43","author":"AH Young","year":"1998","unstructured":"Young AH, Sharpe M, Clements A, Dowling B, Hawton KE, Cowen PJ. Basal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (neurasthenia). Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43:236\u20137.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3608_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000161206.55324.8a","volume":"67","author":"A Di Giorgio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Di Giorgio A, Hudson M, Jerjes W, Cleare AJ. 24-hour pituitary and adrenal hormone profiles in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med. 2005;67:433\u201340.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"3608_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-016-0128-4","volume":"16","author":"FA Cadegiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cadegiani FA, Kater CE. Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord. 2016;16:48.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"3608_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107117","volume":"168","author":"A Vroegindeweij","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vroegindeweij A, Eijkelkamp N, van den Berg SA, van de Putte EM, Wulffraat NM, Swart JF, et al. Lower hair cortisol concentration in adolescent and young adult patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Q-Fever Fatigue Syndrome compared to controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2024;168:107117.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3608_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5935","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00449","volume":"104","author":"RC Bhake","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhake RC, Kluckner V, Stassen H, Russell GM, Leendertz J, Stevens K, et al. Continuous free cortisol profiles\u2014circadian rhythms in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:5935\u201347.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3608_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2021.03.011","volume":"18","author":"NA O\u2019Byrne","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Byrne NA, Yuen F, Butt WZ, Liu PY. Sleep and circadian regulation of cortisol: a short review. Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res. 2021;18:178\u201386.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res"},{"key":"3608_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.016","volume":"39","author":"KM Ross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ross KM, Murphy ML, Adam EK, Chen E, Miller GE. How stable are diurnal cortisol activity indices in healthy individuals? Evidence from three multi-wave studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;39:184\u201393.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3608_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.07.022","volume":"49","author":"SC Segerstrom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Segerstrom SC, Boggero IA, Smith GT, Sephton SE. Variability and reliability of diurnal cortisol in younger and older adults: implications for design decisions. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;49:299\u2013309.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3608_CR27","unstructured":"Deeks JJHJ, Altman DG Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT TJ, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (ed). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. London: Cochrane, 2022."},{"key":"3608_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101771","volume":"69","author":"AZ Mohamed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamed AZ, Andersen T, Radovic S, Del Fante P, Kwiatek R, Calhoun V, et al. Objective sleep measures in chronic fatigue syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023;69:101771.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3608_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041264","volume":"17","author":"MM Pulopulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pulopulos MM, Hidalgo V, Puig-Perez S, Montoliu T, Salvador A. Relationship between cortisol changes during the night and subjective and objective sleep quality in healthy older people. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:1264.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3608_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5204","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215204","volume":"10","author":"E Dziurkowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Cortisol as a biomarker of mental disorder severity. J Clin Med. 2021;10:5204.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3608_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-006-0620-5","volume":"114","author":"C Buss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buss C, Schuelter U, Hesse J, Moser D, Phillips D, Hellhammer D, et al. Haploinsufficiency of the SERPINA6 gene is associated with severe muscle fatigue: A de novo mutation in corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency. J Neural Transm. 2007;114:563\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"3608_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1081\/ERC-200035599","volume":"30","author":"DJ Torpy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Torpy DJ, Bachmann AW, Gartside M, Grice JE, Harris J, Clifton P, et al. Association between chronic fatigue syndrome and the corticosteroid\u2010binding globulin gene ALA SER224 polymorphism. Endocr Res. 2004;30:417\u201329.","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"3608_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4280","volume":"98","author":"WL Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan WL, Carrell RW, Zhou A, Read RJ. How changes in affinity of corticosteroid-binding globulin modulate free cortisol concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:3315\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3608_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.015511","volume":"57","author":"G Kennedy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kennedy G, Spence V, Underwood C, Belch J. Increased neutrophil apoptosis in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:891\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3608_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-1","volume":"8","author":"EW Brenu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brenu EW, Staines DR, Baskurt OK, Ashton KJ, Ramos SB, Christy RM, et al. Immune and hemorheological changes in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Transl Med. 2010;8:1.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3608_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710519114","volume":"114","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montoya JG, Holmes TH, Anderson JN, Maecker HT, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Valencia IJ, et al. Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2017;114:E7150\u2013E7158.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3608_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03376.x","volume":"149","author":"L Shen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shen L, Smith J, Shen Z, Eriksson M, Sentman C, Wira C. Inhibition of human neutrophil degranulation by transforming growth factor-\u03b21. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;149:155\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"3608_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ring M. An integrative approach to HPA axis dysfunction: From recognition to recovery. Am J Med. 2025.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5220310"},{"key":"3608_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jameson D. Persistent Burnout Theory of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuroscience and Medicine 2016;7:66\u201373.","DOI":"10.4236\/nm.2016.72008"},{"key":"3608_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04074-4","volume":"353","author":"AJ Cleare","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cleare AJ, Heap E, Malhi GS, Wessely S, O\u2019Keane V, Miell J. Low-dose hydrocortisone in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised crossover trial. Lancet. 1999;353:455\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3608_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199905000-00037","volume":"38","author":"R Mckenzie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mckenzie R, O\u2019Fallon A, Dale J, Demitrack M, Sharma G, Deloria M, et al. Low\u2010Dose hydrocortisone for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38:633\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3608_CR42","first-page":"269","volume":"19","author":"ER De Kloet","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E, Oitzl MS, Jo\u00ebls M. Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 1998;19:269\u2013301.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"3608_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2003.12.002","volume":"15","author":"AJ Cleare","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cleare AJ. The HPA axis and the genesis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2004;15:55\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3608_CR44","first-page":"190","volume":"1","author":"JD Meyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meyer JD, Light AR, Shukla SK, Clevidence D, Yale S, Stegner AJ, et al. Post-exertion malaise in chronic fatigue syndrome: symptoms and gene expression. Fatigue: Biomed Health Behav. 2013;1:190\u2013209.","journal-title":"Fatigue: Biomed Health Behav"},{"key":"3608_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-2-118","volume":"12","author":"L Jacobson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jacobson L, Sapolsky R. The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocr Rev. 1991;12:118\u201334.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"3608_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0316625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316625","volume":"20","author":"K Thapaliya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thapaliya K, Marshall-Gradisnik S, Eaton-Fitch N, Barth M, Inderyas M, Barnden L. Hippocampal subfield volume alterations and associations with severity measures in long COVID and ME\/CFS: A 7T MRI study. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0316625.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3608_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.131045","volume":"55","author":"Y Nakatomi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakatomi Y, Mizuno K, Ishii A, Wada Y, Tanaka M, Tazawa S, et al. Neuroinflammation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET study. J Nucl Med. 2014;55:945\u201350.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3608_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00625-1","volume":"56","author":"J Gaab","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gaab J, Engert V, Heitz V, Schad T, Sch\u00fcrmeyer TH, Ehlert U. Associations between neuroendocrine responses to the Insulin Tolerance Test and patient characteristics in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:419\u201324.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"3608_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00121-I","volume":"37","author":"J Bearn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bearn J, Allain T, Coskeran P, Munro N, Butler J, McGregor A, et al. Neuroendocrine responses to d-fenfluramine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37:245\u201352.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3608_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126191.x","volume":"153","author":"AR Lloyd","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lloyd AR, Hickie I, Boughton CR, Wakefield D, Spencer O. Prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian population. Med J Aust. 1990;153:522\u20138.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"3608_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2001-011843","volume":"87","author":"J-M Fernandez-Real","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fernandez-Real J-M, Pugeat M, Grasa M, Broch M, Vendrell J, Brun J, et al. Serum corticosteroid-binding globulin concentration and insulin resistance syndrome: a population study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4686\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03608-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03608-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03608-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T02:03:18Z","timestamp":1785981798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03608-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-026-03608-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}