{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:37:35Z","timestamp":1791549455325,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM121312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM121312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH107382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH107382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Avoidance behavior is a prominent and impairing feature of anxiety disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. A transdiagnostic approach to identifying the neural basis of avoidance is a promising avenue to shed light on the heterogeneity among individuals affected by these conditions, collectively termed anxiety-related disorders (ARDs). In this cross-sectional study, 58 adults with ARDs and 77 healthy comparisons (HC) completed self-report measures of anxiety sensitivity (i.e., \u201cfear of fear\u201d) and intolerance of uncertainty (i.e., \u201cfear of the unknown\u201d), two transdiagnostic correlates of ARDs. Participants then completed an avoidance task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), involving a threat cue paired with shock, safety cues, and safe generalization stimuli with varying resemblance to the threat cue. We examined neural activity preceding avoidance decisions in two phases: a) threat reactivity and b) mental simulation. Threat reactivity in anterior insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex tracked threat-relevance of stimuli, as expected. ARD status and anxiety sensitivity both strengthened the relationship of threat reactivity in right and left anterior insula with maladaptive avoidance. We then applied multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode avoidance behavior from neural activity during mental simulation. For those with higher intolerance of uncertainty, avoidance behavior was less concordant with neural activity in motor cortex and intraparietal sulcus. Our results suggest that anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty differentially alter the neural mechanisms of avoidance behavior in anxiety-related psychopathology, potentially warranting distinct intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03640-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T04:34:53Z","timestamp":1779856493000},"page":"5561-5573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty track distinct neurobehavioral dimensions of avoidance in anxiety-related disorders"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Emich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel E.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Webler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne B.","family":"Manbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-0998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbey","family":"Hammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott R.","family":"Sponheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt G.","family":"Kushner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendrick N.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shmuel","family":"Lissek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Author; 2013.","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"3640_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.102143","volume":"68","author":"GJG Asmundson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asmundson GJG. A rose by any other name\u2026How should we refer to the collective of conditions characterized by clinically significant anxiety? J Anxiety Disord. 2019;68:102143.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3640_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/10546-004","volume-title":"Res. Psychother.","author":"PJ Lang","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lang PJ. Fear reduction and fear behavior: Problems in treating a construct. Res. Psychother. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 1968. p. 90\u2013102."},{"key":"3640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10802-000","volume-title":"Learning theory and behavior","author":"OH Mowrer","year":"1960","unstructured":"Mowrer OH. Learning theory and behavior. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1960."},{"key":"3640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.04.004","volume":"96","author":"I Arnaudova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arnaudova I, Kindt M, Fanselow M, Beckers T. Pathways towards the proliferation of avoidance in anxiety and implications for treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2017;96:3\u201313.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR6","volume-title":"Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic","author":"DH Barlow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barlow DH. Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic. New York, NY Guilford Press; 2004."},{"key":"3640_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01263-4","volume":"47","author":"TM Ball","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ball TM, Gunaydin LA. Measuring maladaptive avoidance: from animal models to clinical anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:978\u201386.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3640_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114500","volume":"451","author":"M Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olmedo-C\u00f3rdoba M, Moreno-Montoya M, Mora S, Prados-Pardo \u00c1, Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez E. Avoidance and inhibitory control are possible transdiagnostic traits? A systematic review in animal models. Behav Brain Res. 2023;451:114500.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093533","volume":"12","author":"EB Foa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foa EB, McLean CP. The efficacy of exposure therapy for anxiety-related disorders and its underlying mechanisms: the case of OCD and PTSD. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2016;12:1\u201328.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3640_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000863","volume":"132","author":"EC Stade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stade EC, DeRubeis RJ, Ungar L, Ruscio AM. A transdiagnostic, dimensional classification of anxiety shows improved parsimony and predictive noninferiority to DSM. J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2023;132:937\u201348.","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Clin Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000183X","volume":"50","author":"N Haslam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haslam N, McGrath MJ, Viechtbauer W, Kuppens P. Dimensions over categories: a meta-analysis of taxometric research. Psychol Med. 2020;50:1418\u201332.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"3640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000945","volume":"133","author":"SE Cooper","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cooper SE, Perkins ER, Webler RD, Dunsmoor JE, Krueger RF. Integrating threat conditioning and the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology to advance the study of anxiety-related psychopathology. J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2024;133:716\u201332.","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Clin Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2025.100895","volume":"36","author":"MA Valderrama \u2013 Diaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valderrama \u2013 Diaz MA, L\u00f3pez \u2013 Mart\u00ednez J, Toro R. Estimating the effect of basic behavioral processes (access to reinforcers and experiential avoidance) on emotional disorders as transdiagnostic variables: A systematic review. J Context Behav Sci. 2025;36:100895.","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23119","volume":"38","author":"A Pittig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pittig A, Boschet JM, Gl\u00fcck VM, Schneider K. Elevated costly avoidance in anxiety disorders: Patients show little downregulation of acquired avoidance in face of competing rewards for approach. Depress Anxiety. 2021;38:361\u201371.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"3640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.08.003","volume":"73","author":"A Pittig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pittig A, Alpers GW, Niles AN, Craske MG. Avoidant decision-making in social anxiety disorder: A laboratory task linked to in vivo anxiety and treatment outcome. Behav Res Ther. 2015;73:96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weaver SS, Kroska EB, Ross MC, Sartin-Tarm A, Sellnow KA, Schaumberg K, et al. Sacrificing reward to avoid threat: Characterizing PTSD in the context of a trauma-related approach-avoidance conflict task. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020. 21 May 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000528.","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000528"},{"key":"3640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102698","volume":"96","author":"RA De Kleine","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Kleine RA, Hutschemaekers MHM, Hendriks GJ, Kampman M, Papalini S, Van Minnen A, et al. Impaired action-safety learning and excessive relief during avoidance in patients with anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2023;96:102698.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3640_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.10.001","volume":"46","author":"S Dymond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dymond S, Dunsmoor JE, Vervliet B, Roche B, Hermans D. Fear generalization in humans: systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behav Ther. 2015;46:561\u201382.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.015","volume":"88","author":"A Pittig","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pittig A, Treanor M, LeBeau RT, Craske MG. The role of associative fear and avoidance learning in anxiety disorders: Gaps and directions for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;88:117\u201340.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3640_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01332-2","volume":"47","author":"SE Cooper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooper SE, van Dis EAM, Hagenaars MA, Krypotos A-M, Nemeroff CB, Lissek S, et al. A meta-analysis of conditioned fear generalization in anxiety-related disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:1652\u201361.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103611","volume":"129","author":"Z Klein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klein Z, Shner G, Ginat-Frolich R, Vervliet B, Shechner T. The effects of age and trait anxiety on avoidance learning and its generalization. Behav Res Ther. 2020;129:103611.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104158","volume":"156","author":"AHK Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong AHK, Pittig A. Threat belief determines the degree of costly safety behavior: Assessing rule-based generalization of safety behavior with a dimensional measure of avoidance. Behav Res Ther. 2022;156:104158.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101524","volume":"66","author":"A Pittig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pittig A, Scherbaum S. Costly avoidance in anxious individuals: Elevated threat avoidance in anxious individuals under high, but not low competing rewards. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2020;66:101524.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"3640_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103606","volume":"129","author":"AHK Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong AHK, Pittig A. Costly avoidance triggered by categorical fear generalization. Behav Res Ther. 2020;129:103606.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2023.07.013","volume":"55","author":"AM Hulsman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hulsman AM, van de Pavert I, Roelofs K, Klumpers F. Tackling costly fearful avoidance using pavlovian counterconditioning. Behav Ther. 2024;55:361\u201375.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-021-01490-w","volume":"86","author":"AHK Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong AHK, Pittig A. A dimensional measure of safety behavior: A non-dichotomous assessment of costly avoidance in human fear conditioning. Psychol Res. 2022;86:312\u201330.","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"key":"3640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09931-1","volume":"12","author":"JM Boschet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boschet JM, Scherbaum S, Pittig A. Costly avoidance of Pavlovian fear stimuli and the temporal dynamics of its decision process. Sci Rep. 2022;12:6576.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3640_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104841","volume":"193","author":"L Leng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leng L, Beckers T, Vervliet B. Extinction, avoidance, and generalization: Fear learning processes and their relations with anxious and depressive traits. Behav Res Ther. 2025;193:104841.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.88","volume":"21","author":"MA Fullana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fullana MA, Harrison BJ, Soriano-Mas C, Vervliet B, Cardoner N, \u00c0vila-Parcet A, et al. Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:500\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3640_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.035","volume":"128","author":"RD Webler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Webler RD, Berg H, Fhong K, Tuominen L, Holt DJ, Morey RA, et al. The neurobiology of human fear generalization: meta-analysis and working neural model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;128:421\u201336.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3640_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11073","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704320104","volume":"104","author":"NUF Dosenbach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dosenbach NUF, Fair DA, Miezin FM, Cohen AL, Wenger KK, Dosenbach RAT, et al. Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007;104:11073\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3857","volume":"16","author":"LQ Uddin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uddin LQ. Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015;16:55\u201361.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19111153","volume":"178","author":"AV Chavanne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chavanne AV, Robinson OJ. The overlapping neurobiology of induced and pathological anxiety: a meta-analysis of functional neural activation. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178:156\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3640_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2713-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"JE Dunsmoor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dunsmoor JE, Kroes MCW, Li J, Daw ND, Simpson HB, Phelps EA. Role of human ventromedial prefrontal cortex in learning and recall of enhanced extinction. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2019;39:3264\u201376.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04587","volume":"440","author":"DJ Foster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foster DJ, Wilson MA. Reverse replay of behavioural sequences in hippocampal place cells during the awake state. Nature. 2006;440:680\u20133.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3640_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.08.009","volume":"18","author":"A Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson A, Redish AD. Hippocampal replay contributes to within session learning in a temporal difference reinforcement learning model. Neural Netw. 2005;18:1163\u201371.","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"3640_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.08.010","volume":"5","author":"D Shohamy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shohamy D, Daw ND. Integrating memories to guide decisions. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2015;5:85\u201390.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016","volume":"45","author":"DR Addis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Addis DR, Wong AT, Schacter DL. Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia. 2007;45:1363\u201377.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"3640_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schacter DL, Addis CDR, Buckner RL Episodic simulation of future events: concepts, data, and applications. Ann N Y Acad Sci Spec Issue Year Cogn Neurosci, 2008;1124:39\u201360.","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.001"},{"key":"3640_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21314","volume":"22","author":"A D\u2019Argembeau","year":"2009","unstructured":"D\u2019Argembeau A, Stawarczyk D, Majerus S, Collette F, Van der Linden M, Feyers D, et al. The neural basis of personal goal processing when envisioning future events. J Cogn Neurosci. 2009;22:1701\u201313.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00179-4","volume":"19","author":"J Okuda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Okuda J, Fujii T, Ohtake H, Tsukiura T, Tanji K, Suzuki K, et al. Thinking of the future and past: the roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes. NeuroImage. 2003;19:1369\u201380.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3640_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0308","volume":"364","author":"DL Schacter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schacter DL, Addis DR. On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the constructive simulation of future events. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2009;364:1245\u201353.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610082104","volume":"104","author":"KK Szpunar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Szpunar KK, Watson JM, McDermott KB. Neural substrates of envisioning the future. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:642\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3640_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66227","volume":"10","author":"W Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang W, Shin JD, Jadhav SP. Multiple time-scales of decision-making in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. eLife. 2021;10:e66227.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"3640_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00866-w","volume":"24","author":"LT Hunt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hunt LT, Daw ND, Kaanders P, MacIver MA, Mugan U, Procyk E, et al. Formalizing planning and information search in naturalistic decision-making. Nat Neurosci. 2021;24:1051\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908104107","volume":"107","author":"U Basten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Basten U, Biele G, Heekeren HR, Fiebach CJ. How the brain integrates costs and benefits during decision making. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107:21767\u201372.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP94576","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.94576.4","volume":"13","author":"MB Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda MB, Grueschow M, Moisa M, Polania R, Ruff CC. Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision making. eLife. 2024;13:RP94576.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"3640_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02966","volume":"431","author":"HR Heekeren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heekeren HR, Marrett S, Bandettini PA, Ungerleider LG. A general mechanism for perceptual decision-making in the human brain. Nature. 2004;431:859\u201362.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3640_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522551113","volume":"113","author":"D Rahnev","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rahnev D, Nee DE, Riddle J, Larson AS, D\u2019Esposito M. Causal evidence for frontal cortex organization for perceptual decision making. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:6059\u201364.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038","volume":"30","author":"JI Gold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gold JI, Shadlen MN. The neural basis of decision making. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2007;30:535\u201374.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002328","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002328","volume":"13","author":"S Marek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marek S, Hwang K, Foran W, Hallquist MN, Luna B. The contribution of network organization and integration to the development of cognitive control. PLOS Biol. 2015;13:e1002328.","journal-title":"PLOS Biol"},{"key":"3640_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.104","volume":"35","author":"JL Price","year":"2010","unstructured":"Price JL, Drevets WC. Neurocircuitry of mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:192\u2013216.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3640_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1237-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"M Newton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Newton M, Cookson SL, D\u2019Esposito M, Kayser AS. Connectivity-defined subdivisions of the intraparietal sulcus respond differentially to abstraction during decision-making. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2022;42:7454\u201365.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00588","volume":"10","author":"CG Coutlee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coutlee CG, Kiyonaga A, Korb FM, Huettel SA, Egner T. Reduced risk-taking following disruption of the intraparietal sulcus. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:588.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2244-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"T Osada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Osada T, Ohta S, Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Suda A, Kamagata K, et al. An Essential role of the intraparietal sulcus in response inhibition predicted by parcellation-based network. J Neurosci. 2019;39:2509\u201321.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.04.006","volume":"45","author":"R Nicholas Carleton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nicholas Carleton R, Sharpe D, Asmundson GJG. Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: Requisites of the fundamental fears? Behav Res Ther. 2007;45:2307\u201316.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017428","volume":"135","author":"BO Olatunji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olatunji BO, Wolitzky-Taylor KB. Anxiety sensitivity and the anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review and synthesis. Psychol Bull. 2009;135:974\u201399.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"3640_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018055","volume":"136","author":"K Naragon-Gainey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Naragon-Gainey K. Meta-analysis of the relations of anxiety sensitivity to the depressive and anxiety disorders. Psychol Bull. 2010;136:128\u201350.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"3640_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.01.011","volume":"26","author":"RN Carleton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carleton RN, Mulvogue MK, Thibodeau MA, McCabe RE, Antony MM, Asmundson GJG. Increasingly certain about uncertainty: Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26:468\u201379.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3640_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001","volume":"31","author":"EL Gentes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gentes EL, Ruscio AM. A meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31:923\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3640_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101778","volume":"73","author":"PM McEvoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"McEvoy PM, Hyett MP, Shihata S, Price JE, Strachan L. The impact of methodological and measurement factors on transdiagnostic associations with intolerance of uncertainty: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;73:101778.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3640_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-013-9531-6","volume":"37","author":"MG Fetzner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fetzner MG, Horswill SC, Boelen PA, Carleton RN. Intolerance of uncertainty and PTSD symptoms: exploring the construct relationship in a community sample with a heterogeneous trauma history. Cogn Ther Res. 2013;37:725\u201334.","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"key":"3640_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.12.002","volume":"62","author":"AM Raines","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raines AM, Oglesby ME, Walton JL, True G, Franklin CL. Intolerance of uncertainty and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms: Associations among a treatment seeking veteran sample. J Anxiety Disord. 2019;62:61\u20137.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3640_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-023-01413-z","volume":"25","author":"NP Allan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allan NP, Gorka SM, Saulnier KG, Bryan CJ. Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety as targets to reduce risk of suicide. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2023;25:139\u201347.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"3640_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-021-09912-0","volume":"44","author":"EM O\u2019Bryan","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Bryan EM, Stevens KT, Bimstein JG, Jean A, Mammo L, Tolin DF. Intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety symptoms: examining the indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity among adults with anxiety-related disorders. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2022;44:353\u201363.","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"3640_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000422","volume":"128","author":"C Hunt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunt C, Cooper SE, Hartnell MP, Lissek S. Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty facilitate associations between generalized Pavlovian fear and maladaptive avoidance decisions. J Abnorm Psychol. 2019;128:315\u201326.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"3640_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.009","volume":"57","author":"B van Meurs","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Meurs B, Wiggert N, Wicker I, Lissek S. Maladaptive behavioral consequences of conditioned fear-generalization: A pronounced, yet sparsely studied, feature of anxiety pathology. Behav Res Ther. 2014;57:29\u201337.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.04.013","volume":"96","author":"C Hunt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hunt C, Cooper SE, Hartnell MP, Lissek S. Distraction\/Suppression and Distress Endurance diminish the extent to which generalized conditioned fear is associated with maladaptive behavioral avoidance. Behav Res Ther. 2017;96:90\u2013105.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000363","volume":"146","author":"A Mkrtchian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mkrtchian A, Roiser JP, Robinson OJ. Threat of shock and aversive inhibition: Induced anxiety modulates Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2017;146:1694\u2013704.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"3640_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.001","volume":"7","author":"A Schmitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmitz A, Grillon C. Assessing fear and anxiety in humans using the threat of predictable and unpredictable aversive events (the NPU-threat test). Nat Protoc. 2012;7:527\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"3640_CR71","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I)","author":"M First","year":"1996","unstructured":"First M, Spitzer R, Gibbon M, Williams J. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1996."},{"key":"3640_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02105408","volume":"8","author":"DD Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress. 1995;8:75\u201390.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"3640_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00074-3","volume":"42","author":"BF Rodriguez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rodriguez BF, Bruce SE, Pagano ME, Spencer MA, Keller MB. Factor structure and stability of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index in a longitudinal study of anxiety disorder patients. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42:79\u201391.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.03.014","volume":"21","author":"RN Carleton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carleton RN, Norton MAPJ, Asmundson GJG. Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21:105\u201317.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3640_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.02.005","volume":"46","author":"S Lissek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lissek S, Biggs AL, Rabin SJ, Cornwell BR, Alvarez RP, Pine DS, et al. Generalization of conditioned fear-potentiated startle in humans: Experimental validation and clinical relevance. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46:678\u201387.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104051","volume":"151","author":"SE Cooper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooper SE, Hunt C, Ross JP, Hartnell MP, Lissek S. Heightened generalized conditioned fear and avoidance in women and underlying psychological processes. Behav Res Ther. 2022;151:104051.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2024.100309","volume":"4","author":"RD Webler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Webler RD, Morales Carrasco C, Cooper SE, Chen M, Hunt CO, Hennessy S, et al. Causally probing the role of the hippocampus in fear discrimination: a precision functional mapping\u2013guided, transcranial magnetic stimulation study in participants with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2024;4:100309.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026211034861","volume":"10","author":"C Hunt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hunt C, Degeneffe N, Bixby J, Lissek S. Obsessive compulsive symptoms are associated with heightened avoidance of low-probability, high-aversion threats: a preliminary test of the improbable-catastrophe hypothesis. Clin Psychol Sci. 2022;10:514\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.076","volume":"59","author":"JA Mumford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mumford JA, Turner BO, Ashby FG, Poldrack RA. Deconvolving BOLD activation in event-related designs for multivoxel pattern classification analyses. Neuroimage. 2012;59:2636\u201343.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3640_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1931","volume":"7","author":"J-D Haynes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haynes J-D, Rees G. Neuroimaging: Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7:523\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600244103","volume":"103","author":"N Kriegeskorte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kriegeskorte N, Goebel R, Bandettini P. Information-based functional brain mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:3863\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3640_CR82","volume-title":"Detection theory: a user\u2019s guide","author":"NA Macmillan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Macmillan NA, Creelman CD. Detection theory: a user\u2019s guide. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2005."},{"key":"3640_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.08.009","volume":"74","author":"ER Lebowitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lebowitz ER, Shic F, Campbell D, Basile K, Silverman WK. Anxiety sensitivity moderates behavioral avoidance in anxious youth. Behav Res Ther. 2015;74:11\u20137.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.04.002","volume":"41","author":"ME Keough","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keough ME, Riccardi CJ, Timpano KR, Mitchell MA, Schmidt NB. Anxiety symptomatology: the association with distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity. Behav Ther. 2010;41:567\u201374.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15121549","volume":"174","author":"AN Kaczkurkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaczkurkin AN, Burton PC, Chazin SM, Manbeck AB, Espensen-Sturges T, Cooper SE, et al. Neural substrates of overgeneralized conditioned fear in PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:125\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3640_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.025","volume":"75","author":"S Lissek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lissek S, Kaczkurkin AN, Rabin S, Geraci M, Pine DS, Grillon C. Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with overgeneralization of classically conditioned fear. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;75:909\u201315.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3640_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.070","volume":"136","author":"MW Schlund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schlund MW, Brewer AT, Magee SK, Richman DM, Solomon S, Ludlum M, et al. The tipping point: Value differences and parallel dorsal\u2013ventral frontal circuits gating human approach\u2013avoidance behavior. NeuroImage. 2016;136:94\u2013105.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3640_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.032","volume":"82","author":"CE Strait","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strait CE, Blanchard TC, Hayden BY. Reward value comparison via mutual inhibition in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Neuron. 2014;82:1357\u201366.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3640_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Mendelsohn A, Manson KF, Schiller D, Levy I Dissociating value representation and inhibition of inappropriate affective response during reversal learning in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. eNeuro. 2016;2:ENEURO.0072-15.2015.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0072-15.2015"},{"key":"3640_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wongtrakun J, Zhou S-H, O\u2019Connell RG, Chong TT-J, Bellgrove MA, Coxon JP The role of human intraparietal sulcus in evidence accumulation revealed by EEG and model-informed fMRI. bioRxiv: 2025.02.05.636628 [Preprint]. 2025 https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2025.02.05.636628v2.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.05.636628"},{"key":"3640_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32210-6","volume":"13","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yin C, Yang T. Evidence accumulation occurs locally in the parietal cortex. Nat Commun. 2022;13:4426.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3640_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01384.x","volume":"9","author":"A Kleinschmidt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kleinschmidt A, Nitschke MF, Frahm J. Somatotopy in the human motor cortex hand area. A high-resolution functional MRI study. Eur J Neurosci. 1997;9:2178\u201386.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08050.x","volume":"35","author":"A Dezfouli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dezfouli A, Balleine BW. Habits, action sequences and reinforcement learning. Eur J Neurosci. 2012;35:1036\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E74","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.200032","volume":"46","author":"R Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith R, Kirlic N, Stewart JL, Touthang J, Kuplicki R, Khalsa SS, et al. Greater decision uncertainty characterizes a transdiagnostic patient sample during approach-avoidance conflict: a computational modelling approach. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2021;46:E74\u2013E87.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E217","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.220226","volume":"48","author":"R Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith R, Lavalley CA, Taylor S, Stewart JL, Khalsa SS, Berg H, et al. Elevated decision uncertainty and reduced avoidance drives in depression, anxiety and substance use disorders during approach\u2013avoidance conflict: a replication study. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2023;48:E217\u201331.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"3640_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","volume":"58","author":"MG Craske","year":"2014","unstructured":"Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach. Behav Res Ther. 2014;58:10\u201323.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR97","volume-title":"Behavioral Activation for Depression: A Clinician\u2019s Guide","author":"CR Martell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martell CR, Dimidjian S, Herman-Dunn R. Behavioral Activation for Depression: A Clinician\u2019s Guide. Guilford Publications; 2021."},{"key":"3640_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.06.006","volume":"44","author":"SC Hayes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44:1\u201325.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2016-102418","volume":"19","author":"SJW Verhagen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verhagen SJW, Hasmi L, Drukker M, van Os J, Delespaul PAEG. Use of the experience sampling method in the context of clinical trials. Evid Based Ment Health. 2016;19:86\u20139.","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"3640_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.10.011","volume":"111","author":"A-M Krypotos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krypotos A-M, Vervliet B, Engelhard IM. The validity of human avoidance paradigms. Behav Res Ther. 2018;111:99\u2013105.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"3640_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70473","volume":"47","author":"H Berg","year":"2026","unstructured":"Berg H, Rozniarek R, Robinson A, Kuplicki R, Rostel A, Mungunkhet N, et al. The Tap-to-Safety task: a novel fMRI paradigm assessing repetitive threat-neutralization. Hum Brain Mapp. 2026;47:e70473.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3640_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712314115","volume":"115","author":"S Qi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qi S, Hassabis D, Sun J, Guo F, Daw N, Mobbs D. How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2018;115:3186\u201391.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3640_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15592","volume":"55","author":"KS Young","year":"2022","unstructured":"Young KS, Ward C, Vinograd M, Chen K, Bookheimer SY, Nusslock R, et al. Individual differences in threat and reward neural circuitry activation: Testing dimensional models of early adversity, anxiety and depression. Eur J Neurosci. 2022;55:2739\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03640-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03640-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03640-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:03:54Z","timestamp":1789117434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03640-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-026-03640-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"All participants gave written informed consent, and the experiment was approved by the institutional review boards of the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System (IRB #1701M03101, #1610M96641). All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}