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Their disruption is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, yet key endogenous PNN regulators remain unknown. Here, we identify the schizophrenia-associated glycoprotein Adamtsl3 as a PV+ cell-autonomous regulator of PNN integrity. Using mouse genetics, morphological and biochemical analyses, we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>Adamtsl3<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion, both in early postnatal and adult stages, results in PNN deficits. Mechanistically, Adamtsl3 modulates matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP9) activity, and\n                    <jats:italic>Adamtsl3<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion results in elevated MMP9 levels, PNN reduction, decreased Otx2 uptake, and heightened oxidative stress in PV+ cells. MMP9 hyperactivity and PNN reduction can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of MMP9. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>Adamtsl3<\/jats:italic>\n                    in PV+ interneurons revealed its cell-autonomous function in modulating PNN integrity. Notably, conditional\n                    <jats:italic>Adamtsl3<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion in adult PV+ cells reactivated juvenile-like ocular dominance plasticity. These results position Adamtsl3 as a persistent, PV+ specific PNN regulator with direct implications for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03672-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:31:35Z","timestamp":1781188295000},"page":"6153-6166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Schizophrenia-associated glycoprotein Adamtsl3 regulates perineuronal net formation, maintenance, and adult cortical plasticity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Teresa M. 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