{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:44:24Z","timestamp":1790192664201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32NS082145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32NS082145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32TR004545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32TR004545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG076030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG076030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX004693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX004693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03791-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:32:01Z","timestamp":1785407521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A cortical insula\u2013orbitofrontal circuit drives stress-induced dopamine system dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9564-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6106-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah B.","family":"Reiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0253-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela M.","family":"Boley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3258-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6772-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3791_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.98.4.407","volume":"98","author":"J Ventura","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Lukoff D, Hardesty JP. A prospective study of stressful life events and schizophrenic relapse. J Abnorm Psychol. 1989;98:407\u201311.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"3791_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn101","volume":"34","author":"RV Winkel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Winkel RV, Stefanis NC, Myin-Germeys I. Psychosocial stress and psychosis. a review of the neurobiological mechanisms and the evidence for gene-stress interaction. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:1095\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbn101.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"3791_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247054701771091","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547017710916","volume":"1","author":"MT Davis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davis MT, Holmes SE, Pietrzak RH, Esterlis I. Neurobiology of chronic stress-related psychiatric disorders: evidence from molecular imaging studies. Chronic Stress. 2017;1:2470547017710916 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2470547017710916","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"3791_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247054701769232","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547017692328","volume":"1","author":"BS McEwen","year":"2017","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Neurobiological and systemic effects of chronic stress. Chronic Stress. 2017;1:2470547017692328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2470547017692328.","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"3791_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00532-4","volume":"52","author":"J-H Baik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baik J-H, Baik J-H. Stress and the dopaminergic reward system. Exp Mol Med. 2020;52:1879\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-020-00532-4.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"3791_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100447","volume":"18","author":"E McManus","year":"2022","unstructured":"McManus E, Haroon H, Duncan NW, Elliott R, Muhlert N. The effects of stress across the lifespan on the brain, cognition and mental health: A UK biobank study. Neurobiol Stress. 2022;18:100447 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100447.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"3791_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby167","volume":"45","author":"H Hamilton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamilton H, Woods SW, Roach BJ, Llerena K, McGlashan TH, Srihari VH, et al. Auditory and visual oddball stimulus processing deficits in schizophrenia and the psychosis risk syndrome: forecasting psychosis risk with P300 - PubMed. Schizophr Bull. 2019;45:1068\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sby167.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"3791_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.12.003","volume":"3","author":"JP Kesby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kesby JP, Murray GK, Knolle F. Neural circuitry of salience and reward processing in psychosis. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2021;3:33\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.12.003.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"key":"3791_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soliman, A, O'Driscoll GA, Pruessner J, Holahan AL, Boileau I, Gagnon D et al. Stress-Induced dopamine release in humans at risk of psychosis: a [11C]Raclopride PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 33 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1301597.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301597"},{"key":"3791_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.08.001","volume":"88","author":"E Compean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Compean E, Hamner M. Posttraumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features (PTSD-SP): Diagnostic and treatment challenges. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;88:265\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.08.001.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)5:1<34::AID-DA6>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"5","author":"MB Hamner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamner MB. Psychotic features and combat-associated PTSD. Depress Anxiety. 1997;5:34\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1520-6394(1997)5:1<34::aid-da6>3.0.co;2-5","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"3791_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00301-1","volume":"45","author":"MB Hamner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hamner MB, Frueh BC, Ulmer HG, Arana GW. Psychotic features and illness severity in combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45:846\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00301-1.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1781(98)00002-x","volume":"77","author":"MB Hamner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamner MB, Gold PB. Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in psychotic and non-psychotic post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1998;77:175\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-1781(98)00002-x.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"3791_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90196-U","volume":"41","author":"AA Grace","year":"1991","unstructured":"Grace AA. Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: a hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia. Neuroscience. 1991;41:1\u201324.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3791_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788957528","volume":"15","author":"OD Howes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howes OD, Egerton A, Allan V, McGuire P, Stokes P, Kapur S. Mechanisms underlying psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: insights from PET and SPECT imaging. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15:2550\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/138161209788957528.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"3791_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169","volume":"69","author":"OD Howes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howes OD, Kambeitz J, Kim E, Stahl D, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, et al. The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment: Meta-analysisof imaging studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:776\u201386.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.514","volume":"66","author":"OD Howes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howes OD, Montgomery AJ, Asselin MC, Murray RM, Valli I, Tabraham P, et al. Elevated striatal dopamine function linked to prodromal signs of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.514.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169","volume":"69","author":"OD Howes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howes OD, Kambeitz J, Kim E, Stahl D, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, et al. The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:776\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.017","volume":"74","author":"A Egerton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Egerton A, Chaddock CA, Winton-Brown TT, Bloomfield MA, Bhattacharyya S, Allen P, et al. Presynaptic striatal dopamine dysfunction in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Findings in a second cohort. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74:106\u201312.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sgac067","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgac067","volume":"3","author":"SM Perez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perez SM, Elam HB, Lodge DJ. Increased presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity is associated with aberrant dopamine neuron activity in the methylazoxymethanol acetate rodent model used to study schizophrenia-related pathologies. Schizophr Bull Open. 2022;3:sgac067 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgac067.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull Open"},{"key":"3791_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(78)90471-X","volume":"23","author":"BS Bunney","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bunney BS, Grace AA. Acute and chronic haloperidol treatment: comparison of effects on nigral dopaminergic cell activity. Life Sci. 1978;23:1715\u201327.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"3791_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91581-1","volume":"333","author":"AA Grace","year":"1985","unstructured":"Grace AA, Bunney BS. Opposing effects of striatonigral feedback pathways on midbrain dopamine cell activity. Brain Res. 1985;333:271\u201384.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3791_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300963","volume":"31","author":"DJ Lodge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lodge DJ, Grace AA. The hippocampus modulates dopamine neuron responsivity by regulating the intensity of phasic neuron activation. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:1356\u201361.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3791_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.020","volume":"76","author":"C-h Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang C-h, Grace AA. Amygdala-ventral pallidum pathway decreases dopamine activity following chronic mild stress in rats. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;76:223\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.020.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2420-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"C-h Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang C-h, Grace AA. Amygdala \u03b2-Noradrenergic receptors modulate delayed downregulation of dopamine activity following restraint. J Neurosci. 2013;33:1441\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2420-12.2013.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11424","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2847-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"DJ Lodge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lodge DJ, Grace AA. Aberrant hippocampal activity underlies the dopamine dysregulation in an animal model of schizophrenia. J Neurosci. 2007;27:11424\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2847-07.2007.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR27","unstructured":"Elam, HB, Perez, SM, Donegan, JJ, Lodge, DJ Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis. Translational Psychiatry (In Review) (2020)."},{"key":"3791_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2011.05.001","volume":"32","author":"DJ Lodge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lodge DJ, Grace AA. Hippocampal dysregulation of dopamine system function and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32:507\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2011.05.001.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3791_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01235-8","volume":"11","author":"HB Elam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elam HB, Perez SM, Donegan JJ, Lodge DJ. Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11:114 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01235-8.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac035","volume":"25","author":"AM McCoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCoy AM, Prevot TD, Mian MY, Cook JM, Frazer A, Sibille EL, et al. Positive allosteric modulation of alpha5-GABAA receptors reverses stress-induced alterations in dopamine system function and prepulse inhibition of startle. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022;25:688\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac035.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"3791_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10607","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2629-16.2018","volume":"38","author":"SM Perez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perez SM, Lodge DJ. Convergent inputs from the hippocampus and thalamus to the nucleus accumbens regulate dopamine neuron activity. J Neurosci. 2018;38:10607\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2629-16.2018.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033801","volume":"14","author":"DJ Lodge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lodge DJ, Grace AA. Hippocampal dysfunction and disruption of dopamine system regulation in an animal model of schizophrenia. Neurotox Res. 2008;14:97\u2013104.","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"3791_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15121549","volume":"174","author":"AN Kaczkurkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaczkurkin AN, Burton PC, Chazin SM, Manbeck AB, Espensen-Sturges T, Cooper SE, et al. Neural substrates of overgeneralized conditioned fear in PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;174:125\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15121549.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Etkin, A & Wager, T Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia - PubMed. Am J Psychiatry 164 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"3791_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/79871","volume":"3","author":"AR Damasio","year":"2000","unstructured":"Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, Parvizi J, et al. Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3:1049\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/79871.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi, T, Feng, S, Wei, M & Zhou, W Role of the anterior agranular insular cortex in the modulation of fear and anxiety. Brain Res Bull 155 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.12.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.12.003"},{"key":"3791_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00283","volume":"13","author":"M Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez M, Ceric F, Murgas P, Harland B, Torrealba F, Contreras M. Frontiers | Interoceptive insular cortex mediates both innate fear and contextual threat conditioning to predator odor. Front Behav Neurosci. 2020;13:283 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00283.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10345-2","volume":"12","author":"S Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park S, Cho J, Huh Y. Role of the anterior insular cortex in restraint-stress induced fear behaviors. Sci Rep. 2022;12:6504 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-10345-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3791_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP95821","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.95821","volume":"13","author":"S Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park S, Huh Y, Kim JJ, Cho J. Bidirectional fear modulation by discrete anterior insular circuits in male mice. eLife. 2024;13:RP95821 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.95821.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"3791_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3857","volume":"16","author":"LQ Uddin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uddin LQ, Uddin LQ. Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014;16:55\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3857.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0469-1","volume":"22","author":"DA Gehrlach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gehrlach DA, Dolensek N, Klein AS, Roy Chowdhury R, Matthys A, Jungh\u00e4nel M, et al. Aversive state processing in the posterior insular cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22:1424\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-019-0469-1.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113365","volume":"42","author":"E Hern\u00e1ndez-Ortiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ortiz E, Luis-Islas J, Tecuapetla F, Gutierrez R, Berm\u00fadez-Rattoni F. Top-down circuitry from the anterior insular cortex to VTA dopamine neurons modulates reward-related memory. Cell Rep. 2023;42:113365 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113365.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"3791_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keefer, SE, Kochli, DE & Calu, DJ Inactivation of the basolateral amygdala to insular cortex pathway makes sign-tracking sensitive to outcome devaluation. eNeuro 9 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0156-22.2022.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0156-22.2022"},{"key":"3791_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1416573112","volume":"112","author":"I Kusumoto-Yoshida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kusumoto-Yoshida I, Liu H, Chen BT, Fontanini A, Bonci A. Central role for the insular cortex in mediating conditioned responses to anticipatory cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015;112:1190\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1416573112.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3791_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5736","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065736","volume":"24","author":"C Labrakakis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labrakakis C, Labrakakis C. The role of the insular cortex in pain. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:5736 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065736.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3791_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006","volume":"22","author":"M Nagai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagai M, Kishi K, Kato S. Insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders: a review of recent literature - PubMed. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22:387\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23197","volume":"37","author":"S Lefebvre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lefebvre S, Demeulemeester M, Leroy A, Delmaire C, Lopes R, Pins D, et al. Network dynamics during the different stages of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016;37:2571\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.23197.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3791_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103234","volume":"36","author":"JM Panula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panula JM, Alho J, Lindgren M, Kiesepp\u00e4 T, Suvisaari J, Raij TT. State-like changes in the salience network correlate with delusion severity in first-episode psychosis patients. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2022;36:103234 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103234.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"3791_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247054701985046","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547019850467","volume":"3","author":"CG Abdallah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdallah CG, Averill CL, Ramage AE, Averill LA, Goktas S, Nemati S, et al. Salience network disruption in U.S. Army soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Chronic Stress. 2019;3:2470547019850467 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2470547019850467.","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"3791_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0840-4","volume":"19","author":"TJ Akiki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akiki TJ, Averill CL, Abdallah CG. A network-based neurobiological model of PTSD: Evidence from structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19:81 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-017-0840-4.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"3791_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.100176","volume":"37","author":"L Palaniyappan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palaniyappan L, Liddle PF. Does the salience network play a cardinal role in psychosis? An emerging hypothesis of insular dysfunction. J Psychiatry Neurosci: JPN. 2012;37:17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.100176.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci: JPN"},{"key":"3791_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102964","volume":"34","author":"A Leroy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leroy A, Very E, Birmes P, Yger P, Szaffarczyk S, Lopes R, et al. Intrusive experiences in posttraumatic stress disorder: Treatment response induces changes in the directed functional connectivity of the anterior insula. NeuroImage Clinical. 2022;34:102964 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102964.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"key":"3791_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1103","volume":"6","author":"SB Floresco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Floresco SB, West AR, Ash B, Moore H, Grace AA. Afferent modulation of dopamine neuron firing differentially regulates tonic and phasic dopamine transmission. Nat Neurosci. 2003;6:968\u201373.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar, DD, Chen, L, Lodge, DJ Increasing endocannabinoid levels in the ventral pallidum restores aberrant dopamine neuron activity in the subchronic PCP rodent model of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol (2014).","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu035"},{"key":"3791_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75835-7","volume":"10","author":"A Lunde","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lunde A, Glover JC, Lunde A, Glover JC. A versatile toolbox for semi-automatic cell-by-cell object-based colocalization analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10:19027 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-75835-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3791_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00084","volume":"12","author":"Z Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Z, Chen Z, Fan G, Li A, Yuan J, Xu T. Cell-Type-Specific afferent innervation of the nucleus accumbens core and shell. Front Neuroanat. 2018;12:84 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2018.00084.","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"3791_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131167","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2023.1131167","volume":"17","author":"ML Mathiasen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mathiasen ML, Aggleton JP, Witter MP. Projections of the insular cortex to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex: A tracing study in the rat. Front Neuroanat. 2023;17:1131167 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2023.1131167.","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"3791_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.7","volume":"36","author":"DJ Lodge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lodge DJ. The medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices differentially regulate dopamine system function. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011;36:1227\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2011.7.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3791_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00330","volume":"10","author":"M M\u00e9ndez-Ruette","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Ruette M, Linsambarth S, Moraga-Amaro R, Quintana-Donoso D, M\u00e9ndez L, Tamburini G, et al. Frontiers | The role of the rodent insula in anxiety. Front Physiol. 2019;10:330 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00330.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"3791_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810140081011","volume":"47","author":"DL Braff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Braff DL, Geyer MA. Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia. Human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47:181\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100811","volume":"156","author":"MA Geyer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geyer MA, Krebs-Thomson K, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR. Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001;156:117\u201354.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"3791_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zandvakili, A, Swearingen, HR, Philip, NS Changes in functional connectivity after theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder: a machine-learning study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-020-01172-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01172-5"},{"key":"3791_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.001","volume":"104","author":"SK Baisley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baisley SK, Cloninger CL, Bakshi VP. Fos expression following regimens of predator stress versus footshock that differentially affect prepulse inhibition in rats. Physiol Behav. 2011;104:796\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.001.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"3791_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Couderc, Y, Reddy TD, Vardiero G, Garg A, Ricci D, d\u2019Almeida R et al. Dopamine transmission in the anterior insula shapes the neural coding of anxiety. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.10.25.620186","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.25.620186"},{"key":"3791_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000473","volume":"4","author":"O Agid","year":"1999","unstructured":"Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, Ritsner M, Hanin B, Murad H, et al. Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 1999;4:163\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00292.x","volume":"45","author":"D Bolton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bolton D, Hill J, O\u2019Ryan D, Udwin O, Boyle S, Yule W. Long-term effects of psychological trauma on psychosocial functioning. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45:1007\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00292.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8","volume":"28","author":"KC Berridge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berridge KC, Robinson TE. What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998;28:309\u201369.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"3791_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, J, Bruchas, M Neuromodulation: A model for dopamine in salience encoding. Current Biology 31 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2021.09.038.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.09.038"},{"key":"3791_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.13","volume":"160","author":"S Kapur","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kapur S. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia - PubMed. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.13.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/9.8.815","volume":"9","author":"D Linden","year":"1999","unstructured":"Linden D, Prvulovic D, Formisano E, V\u00f6llinger M, Zanella FE, Goebel R, et al. The functional neuroanatomy of target detection: an fMRI study of visual and auditory oddball tasks - PubMed. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991). 1999;9:815\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/9.8.815.","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)"},{"key":"3791_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22326","volume":"35","author":"H Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim H. Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in oddball stimulus processing: A meta\u2010analysis. Hum Brain Mapp. 2013;35:2265\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.22326.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3791_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.06.023","volume":"88","author":"P Tsai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsai P, Keeley RJ, Carmack SA, Vendruscolo JCM, Lu H, Gu H, et al. Converging structural and functional evidence for a rat salience network - PubMed. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;88:867\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.06.023.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3791_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bji036","volume":"30","author":"M Kadohisa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kadohisa M, Rolls ET, Verhagen JV. Neuronal representations of stimuli in the mouth: the primate insular taste cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. Chem Senses. 2005;30:401\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/bji036.","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"3791_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000369","volume":"149","author":"J Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang J, Forkstam C, Engel J, Svensson L. Role of dopamine in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle - PubMed. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000;149:181\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002130000369.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"3791_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90244-4","volume":"578","author":"SL DiLullo","year":"1992","unstructured":"DiLullo SL, Martin-Iverson MT. Evidence for presynaptic dopamine mechanisms underlying amphetamine-conditioned locomotion. Brain Res. 1992;578:161\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90244-4.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3791_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094808","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1094808","volume":"17","author":"T Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi T, Feng S, Zhou Z, Li F, Fu Y, Zhou W. Stress-altering anterior insular cortex activity affects risk decision-making behavior in mice of different sexes. Front Cell Neurosci. 2023;17:1094808 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1094808.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.024","volume":"96","author":"M Venniro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Venniro M, Caprioli D, Zhang M, Whitaker LR, Zhang S, Warren BL, et al. The anterior insular cortex\u2192central amygdala glutamatergic pathway is critical to relapse after contingency management. Neuron. 2017;96:414\u2013427.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.024.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3791_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000377","volume":"34","author":"LQ Uddin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uddin LQ, Nomi JS, Hebert-Seropian B, Ghaziri J, Boucher O. Structure and function of the human insula. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;34:300\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000377.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3791_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.05.010","volume":"270","author":"T Pattij","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pattij T, Schetters D, Schoffelmeer A. Dopaminergic modulation of impulsive decision making in the rat insular cortex - PubMed. Behav Brain Res. 2014;270:118\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.05.010.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3791_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823220","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.823220","volume":"16","author":"E Gil-Lievana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gil-Lievana E, Ram\u00edrez-Mej\u00eda G, Urrego-Morales O, Luis-Islas J, Gutierrez R, Berm\u00fadez-Rattoni F, et al. Photostimulation of ventral tegmental area-insular cortex dopaminergic inputs enhances the salience to consolidate aversive taste recognition memory via D1-Like receptors. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022;16:823220 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2022.823220.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.005","volume":"256","author":"MG Kutlu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kutlu MG, Burke D, Slade S, Hall BJ, Rose JE, Levin ED. Role of insular cortex D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in nicotine self-administration in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2013;256:273\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.005.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3791_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24574","volume":"527","author":"ER Cullity","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cullity ER. Postnatal developmental trajectory of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 expression in cortical and striatal brain regions. J Comp Neurol. 2019;527:1039\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.24574.","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"3791_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01292-7","volume":"47","author":"NS Rieger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rieger NS, Varela JA, Ng AJ, Granata L, Djerdjaj A, Brenhouse HC, et al. Insular cortex corticotropin-releasing factor integrates stress signaling with social affective behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:1156\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-022-01292-7.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3791_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.001","volume":"51","author":"A Abdolahi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdolahi A, Williams GC, Benesch CG, Wang HZ, Spitzer EM, Scott BE, et al. Smoking cessation behaviors three months following acute insular damage from stroke. Addict Behav. 2015;51:24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.001.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"3791_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135926","volume":"315","author":"NH Naqvi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naqvi NH, Rudrauf D, Damasio H, Bechara A. Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2007;315:531\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1135926.","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"3791_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt172","volume":"16","author":"N Gaznick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaznick N, Tranel D, McNutt A, Bechara A. Basal ganglia plus insula damage yields stronger disruption of smoking addiction than basal ganglia damage alone. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;16:445\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntt172.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"3791_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4915","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-13-04915.2001","volume":"21","author":"SB Floresco","year":"2001","unstructured":"Floresco SB, Todd CL, Grace AA. Glutamatergic afferents from the hippocampus to the nucleus accumbens regulate activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. J Neurosci. 2001;21:4915\u201322.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3791_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.169","volume":"41","author":"SM Perez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perez SM, Aguilar DD, Neary JL, Carless MA, Giuffrida A, Lodge DJ. Schizophrenia-like phenotype inherited by the f2 generation of a gestational disruption model of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41:477\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2015.169.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3791_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pyaf034","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf034","volume":"28","author":"HB Elam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elam HB, McCoy AM, Boley AM, Yang OJ, Belle NI, Lodge DJ. Inhibition of hippocampal or thalamic inputs to the nucleus accumbens reverses stress-induced alterations in dopamine system function. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2025;28:pyaf034 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaf034.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03791-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03791-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03791-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:05:58Z","timestamp":1785452758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-026-03791-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["3791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-026-03791-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Lodge is co-inventor of a patent application examining novel analgesics and has collaborations with Sosei-Heptares, these are both unrelated to the work described in the current manuscript. The other authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"All experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and the Use Committees (IACUCs) of UT San Antonio and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}