{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:38:34Z","timestamp":1788349114339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOIPG\/2018\/2464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPG\/2018\/2464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0665-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T15:06:21Z","timestamp":1586358381000},"page":"1353-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Progressive subcortical volume loss in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients after commencing clozapine treatment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Tronchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theophilus N.","family":"Akudjedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurena","family":"Holleran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hallahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7378-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dara M.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1661-5192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colm","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"665_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999709113338","volume":"14","author":"HY Meltzer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meltzer HY. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia-the role of clozapine. Curr Med Res Opin. 1997;14:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"665_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.12.1744","volume":"151","author":"JA Lieberman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Pollack S, Szymanski S, Johns C, Howard A, et al. Clinical effects of clozapine in chronic schizophrenia: response to treatment and predictors of outcome. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:1744\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.02.013","volume":"197","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Remington G, Mulsant BH, Uchida H, Rajji TK, Graff-guerrero A, et al. Defining treatment-resistant schizophrenia and response to antipsychotics: a review and recommendation. Psychiatry Res. 2012;197:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"665_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006986","volume":"29","author":"TS Stroup","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stroup TS, Mcevoy JP, Swartz MS, Byerly MJ, Qlick ID, Canive JM, et al. The National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project: schizophrenia trial design and protocol development. Schizophr Bull. 2003;29:15\u201331.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"665_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.518","volume":"158","author":"M Chakos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chakos M, Lieberman J, Hoffman E, Bradford D, Sheitman B. Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:518\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.975","volume":"157","author":"DS Henderson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Henderson DC, Cagliero E, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, Goff DC. Clozapine, Diabetes Mellitus, Weight Gain, and Lipid Abnormalities: A Five-Year Naturalistic Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:975\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00326-7","volume":"59","author":"HY Meltzer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meltzer HY, Perry E, Jayathilake K. Clozapine-induced weight gain predicts improvement in psychopathology. Schizophr Res. 2003;59:19\u201327.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lally J, Gallagher A, Bainbridge E, Avalos G, Ahmed M, Mcdonald C. Increases in triglyceride levels are associated with clinical response to clozapine treatment. J Psychopharmacol. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881112472568.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112472568"},{"key":"665_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv016","volume":"18","author":"VM Anderson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anderson VM, Goldstein ME, Kydd RR, Russell BR. Extensive gray matter volume reduction in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;18:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"665_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.08.017","volume":"32","author":"V Molina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Molina V, Reig S, Sanz J, Palomo T, Benito C, Sarramea F, et al. Differential clinical, structural and P300 parameters in schizophrenia patients resistant to conventional neuroleptics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32:257\u201366.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.11.015","volume":"50","author":"KM Kubera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kubera KM, Sambataro F, Vasic N, Wolf ND, Frasch K, Hirjak D, et al. Source-based morphometry of gray matter volume in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014;50:102\u20139.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325052","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/325052","volume":"2014","author":"M Quarantelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quarantelli M, Palladino O, Prinster A, Schiavone V, Carotenuto B, Brunetti A, et al. Patients with poor response to antipsychotics have a more severe pattern of frontal atrophy: a voxel-based morphometry study of treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:325052.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"665_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.05.002","volume":"148","author":"A Zugman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zugman A, Gadelha A, Assuncao I, Sato J, Ota VK, Rocha DL, et al. Reduced dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex in treatment resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2013;148:81\u20136.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199","volume":"68","author":"B-C Ho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho B-C, Andreasen N, Ziebel S, Pierson R, Magnotta V. Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:128\u201337.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.008","volume":"78","author":"A Vita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vita A, Peri De L, Deste G, Barlati S, Sacchetti E. Archival report the effect of antipsychotic treatment on cortical gray matter changes in schizophrenia: does the class matter? a meta-analysis and meta-regression of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78:403\u201312.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"665_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.88","volume":"68","author":"NEM van Haren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Haren NEM, Schnack HG, Cahn W, Van Den Heuvel MP, Lepage C, Collins L, et al. Changes in cortical thickness during the course of illness in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:871\u201380.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301347","volume":"32","author":"NEM van Haren","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Haren NEM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG, Cahn W, Mandl RCW, Collins DL, et al. Focal gray matter changes in schizophrenia across the course of the illness: a 5-year follow-up study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32:2057\u201366.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"665_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90441-7","volume":"345","author":"MH Chakos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Bilder R, Ashtari M. Caudate nuclei volumes in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotics or clozapine. Lancet. 1995;345:456\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"665_CR19","first-page":"208","volume":"36","author":"FE Scheepers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scheepers FE, Pol HEH, van der Flier W, Hijman R, van der Linden JA, de Wied CCG, et al. The effect of clozapine on the nucleus caudate volume in schizophrenic patients previously treated with classical neuroleptics. Schizophr Res. 2001;36:208.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.644","volume":"158","author":"FE Scheepers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scheepers FE, Gispen de Wied CC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kahn RS. Effect of clozapine on caudate nucleus volume in relation to symptoms of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:644\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frazier J, Giedd JN, Kaysen D, Rad JA. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: brain MRI rescan after 2 years of clozapine maintenance treatment. 1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.153.4.564.","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.4.564"},{"key":"665_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20298","volume":"60","author":"P Seeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seeman P, Wilson A, Gmeiner P, Kapur S. Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in human putamen, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus. Synapse. 2006;60:205\u201311.","journal-title":"Synapse."},{"key":"665_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1421","volume":"160","author":"C Arango","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arango C, Buchanan RW, Breier A, MacMahon R, Carpenter WT. The relationship of clozapine and haloperidol treatment response to prefrontal, hippocampal, and caudate brain volumes. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1421\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(03)00108-2","volume":"124","author":"V Molina","year":"2003","unstructured":"Molina V, Reig S, Sarramea F, Sanz J, Artaloytia JF, Luque R, et al. Anatomical and functional brain variables associated with clozapine response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res: Neuroimaging. 2003;124:153\u201361.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res: Neuroimaging"},{"key":"665_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.90","volume":"40","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Cannon DM, Scanlon C, Holleran L, Schmidt H, McFarland J, et al. Progressive brain atrophy and cortical thinning in schizophrenia after commencing clozapine treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40:2409\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"665_CR26","unstructured":"National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults. NICE Guidelines Treament Management. National Collaborating Centre For Mental Health; 2014. p. 74\u201380."},{"key":"665_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261\u201376.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"665_CR28","unstructured":"Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Lowa City: University of Lowa; 1982."},{"key":"665_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Lowa City: University of Lowa; 1982.","DOI":"10.1037\/t12696-000"},{"key":"665_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(95)71666-8","volume":"36","author":"RCW Hall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hall RCW. Global assessment of functioning: a modified scale. Psychosomatics. 1995;36:267\u201375.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"665_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.3.441","volume":"162","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:441\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0082-9","volume":"23","author":"A Egerton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egerton A, Broberg BV, Van Haren N, Merritt K, Barker GJ, Lythgoe DJ, et al. Response to initial antipsychotic treatment in first episode psychosis is related to anterior cingulate glutamate levels: a multicentre 1 H-MRS study (OPTiMiSE). Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23:2145\u201355.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"665_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/42.668698","volume":"17","author":"JG Sled","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sled JG, Zijdenbos AP, Evans AC. A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998;17:87\u201397.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"665_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.07.030","volume":"159","author":"C Scanlon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scanlon C, Anderson-Schmidt H, Kilmartin L, McInerney S, Kenney J, McFarland J, et al. Cortical thinning and caudate abnormalities in first episode psychosis and their association with clinical outcome. Schizophr Res. 2014;159:36\u201342.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","volume":"61","author":"M Reuter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reuter M, Schmansky NJ, Rosas HD, Fischl B. Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis. Neuroimage. 2012;61:1402\u201318.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"665_CR36","unstructured":"FreeSurfer. 2013. https:\/\/surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu\/. Accessed 2 Oct 2018."},{"key":"665_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020","volume":"53","author":"M Reuter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reuter M, Rosas HD, Fischl B. Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: a robust approach. Neuroimage. 2010;53:1181\u201396.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"665_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.11.627","volume":"29","author":"g Tronchin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tronchin G, Akudjedu TN, Kenney J, McInerney S, Scanlon C, McFarland J, et al. Association between executive functions at first episode of psychosis and the later development of prefrontal cortical thinning and negative symptoms. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;29:S412\u2013S413.","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"665_CR39","unstructured":"eTIV. http:\/\/surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu\/fswiki\/eTIV. 2019."},{"key":"665_CR40","unstructured":"talairach_avi. https:\/\/surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu\/fswiki\/talairach_avi. 2019."},{"key":"665_CR41","unstructured":"Evans AC, Collins DL, Mills SR, Brown ED, Kelly RL, Peters TM. 3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes. In: IEEE conference record nuclear science symposium and medical imaging conference; 1993. p. 1813\u20137."},{"key":"665_CR42","unstructured":"FreeSurfer Quality Control Guide. 2013. https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/cnrlab\/lab-resources\/freesurfer-quality-control-guide\/. Accessed 2 Oct 2018."},{"key":"665_CR43","unstructured":"ControlPoints_freeview. https:\/\/surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu\/fswiki\/FsTutorial\/ControlPoints_freeview. 2018."},{"key":"665_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.63","volume":"21","author":"TGM Van Erp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Erp TGM, Hibar DP, Rasmussen JM, Glahn DC, Pearlson GD, Andreassen OA, et al. Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:547\u201353.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"665_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.8.1200","volume":"156","author":"P Westmoreland Corson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Westmoreland Corson P, Nopoulos P, Miller DD, Arndt S, Andreasen NC. Change in basal ganglia volume over 2 years in patients with schizophrenia: typical versus atypical neuroleptics. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1200\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.10.1829","volume":"161","author":"DJ Lang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lang DJ, Kopala LC, Vandorpe RA, Rui Q, Smith GN. et al. Reduced basal ganglia volumes after switching to olanzapine in chronically treated patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1829\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.09.020","volume":"32","author":"B Crespo-facorro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crespo-facorro B, Roiz-santi\u00e1\u00f1ez R, P\u00e9rez-iglesias R, Pelayo-ter\u00e1n JM, Rodr\u00edguez-s\u00e1nchez JM, Tordesillas-guti\u00e9rrez D, et al. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry effect of antipsychotic drugs on brain morphometry. a randomized controlled one-year follow-up study of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32:1936\u201343.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.4","volume":"22","author":"NF Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho NF, Iglesias JE, Sum MY, Kuswanto CN, Sitoh YY, De Souza J, et al. Progression from selective to general involvement of hippocampal subfields in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:142\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"665_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.03.036","volume":"120","author":"MJ Kempton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kempton MJ, Stahl D, Williams SCR, DeLisi LE. Progressive lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies. Schizophr Res. 2010;120:54\u201362.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","volume":"35","author":"OD Howes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howes OD, Kapur S. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III\u2014the final common pathway. Schizophr Bull. 2009;35:549\u201362.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"665_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00260","volume":"7","author":"KM Money","year":"2013","unstructured":"Money KM, Stanwood GD. Developmental origins of brain disorders: roles for dopamine receptor expression patterns. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013;7:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"665_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.04.054","volume":"176","author":"E Guma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guma E, Rocchetti J, Devenyi GA, Tanti A, Mathieu A, Lerch JP, et al. NeuroImage regional brain volume changes following chronic antipsychotic administration are mediated by the dopamine D2 receptor. Neuroimage. 2018;176:226\u201338.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"665_CR53","first-page":"117","volume":"9","author":"J Lally","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lally J, Gaughran F, Timms P, Curran SR. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: current insights on the pharmacogenomics of antipsychotics. Pharmgenom Pers Med. 2016;9:117\u201329.","journal-title":"Pharmgenom Pers Med"},{"key":"665_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1177-y","volume":"17","author":"AL Gillespie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gillespie AL, Samanaite R, Mill J, Egerton A, Maccabe JH. Is treatment-resistant schizophrenia categorically distinct from treatment-responsive schizophrenia? a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.138578","volume":"205","author":"OD Howes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Howes OD, Kapur S. A neurobiological hypothesis for the classification of schizophrenia: type a (hyperdopaminergic) and type b (normodopaminergic). Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:1\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu117","volume":"18","author":"ME Goldstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goldstein ME, Anderson VM, Pillai A, Kydd RR, Russell BR. Glutamatergic neurometabolites in clozapine-responsive and -resistant schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;18:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"665_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.01.008","volume":"62","author":"N Amitai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amitai N, Kuczenski R, Behrens MM, Markou A. Neuropharmacology repeated phencyclidine administration alters glutamate release and decreases GABA markers in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Neuropharmacology. 2012;62:1422\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"665_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.033","volume":"585","author":"MB Graeber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graeber MB, Li W, Rodriguez ML. Role of microglia in CNS inflammation. FEBS Lett. 2011;585:3798\u2013805.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"665_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2013.11.3.144","volume":"11","author":"M Al-amin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-amin M, Muhammad M, Uddin N, Reza HM. Effects of antipsychotics on the inflammatory response system of patients with schizophrenia in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci. 2013;11:144\u201351.","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"665_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.4.361","volume":"62","author":"JA Lieberman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lieberman JA, Tollefson GD, Charles C, Zipursky R, Sharma T, Kahn RS, et al. Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:361\u201370.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs118","volume":"39","author":"SV Haijma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haijma SV, Van Haren N, Cahn W, PCMP Koolschijn, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kahn RS. Brain volumes in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis in over 18 000 subjects. Schizophr Bull. 2013;39:1129\u201338.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"665_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.6.585","volume":"60","author":"B-C Ho","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ho B-C, Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, Arndt S, Magnotta V, Flaum M. Progressive structural brain abnormalities and their relationship to clinical outcome: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study early in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:585\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.036","volume":"58","author":"E Antonova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antonova E, Kumari V, Morris R, Halari R, Anilkumar A, Mehrotra R, et al. The relationship of structural alterations to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a voxel-based morphometry study. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:457\u201367.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"665_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2019.01.003","volume":"286","author":"F Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan F, Xiang H, Tan S, Yang F, Fan H, Guo H, et al. Subcortical structures and cognitive dysfunction in first episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2019;286:69\u201375.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"665_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18950-2","volume":"8","author":"D Koshiyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koshiyama D, Fukunaga M, Okada N, Yamashita F, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, et al. Role of subcortical structures on cognitive and social function in schizophrenia. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1183.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"665_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2181","volume":"160","author":"AL Sporn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sporn AL, Greenstein DK, Gogtay N, Jeffries NO, Lenane M, Gochman P, et al. Progressive brain volume loss during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:2181\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.2.145","volume":"55","author":"RE Gur","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gur RE, Cowell P, Turetsky BI, Gallacher F, Cannon T, Bilker W, et al. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:145.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"665_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lesh TA, Tanase C, Geib BR, Niendam TA, Yoon JH. A multimodal analysis of antipsychotic effects on brain structure and function a multimodal analysis of antipsychotic effects on brain structure and function in first-episode schizophrenia. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2178.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2178"},{"key":"665_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.06.042","volume":"158","author":"V Molina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molina V, Taboada D, Arag\u00fc\u00e9s M, Hern\u00e1ndez JA, Sanz-Fuentenebro J. Greater clinical and cognitive improvement with clozapine and risperidone associated with a thinner cortex at baseline in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2014;158:223\u20139.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.06.016","volume":"168","author":"JY Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo JY, Huhtaniska S, Miettunen J, J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen E, Kiviniemi V, Nikkinen J, et al. Longitudinal regional brain volume loss in schizophrenia: relationship to antipsychotic medication and change in social function. Schizophr Res. 2015;168:297\u2013304.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"665_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00327","volume":"9","author":"R Samanaite","year":"2018","unstructured":"Samanaite R, Gillespie A, Sendt K, Mcqueen G. Biological predictors of clozapine response: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:1\u201329.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"665_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.07.014","volume":"141","author":"R Roiz-santi\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roiz-santi\u00e1\u00f1ez R, Tordesillas-guti\u00e9rrez D, De VO, Ayesa-arriola R, Guti\u00e9rrez A, Tabar\u00e9s-seisdedos R, et al. Effect of antipsychotic drugs on cortical thickness. a randomized controlled one-year follow-up study of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine. Schizophr Res. 2012;141:22\u20138.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01062-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000}}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-020-0665-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-020-0665-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-020-0665-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T21:08:45Z","timestamp":1684616925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-020-0665-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-020-0665-4","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01062-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2021","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-01062-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-01062-x","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}