{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T20:28:30Z","timestamp":1784924910834,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH125454-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH125454-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01975-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T21:02:05Z","timestamp":1725138125000},"page":"2087-2093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Kappa opioid receptor availability predicts severity of anhedonia in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Slifstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodi J.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9992-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jaworski-Calara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott J.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Horga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Abi-Dargham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.012","volume":"86","author":"SD Clark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark SD, Abi-Dargham A. The role of dynorphin and the kappa opioid receptor in the symptomatology of schizophrenia: a review of the evidence. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;86:502\u201311.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0730-z","volume":"45","author":"SD Clark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark SD, et al. Opioid antagonists are associated with a reduction in the symptoms of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45:1860\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1126\/science.351804","volume":"201","author":"SJ Watson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Watson SJ, et al. Effects of naloxone on schizophrenia: reduction in hallucinations in a subpopulation of subjects. Science. 1978;201:73\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1094547","volume":"10","author":"HM Emrich","year":"1977","unstructured":"Emrich HM, et al. Indication of an antipsychotic action of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol. 1977;10:265\u201370.","journal-title":"Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol"},{"key":"1975_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.7.913","volume":"138","author":"PA Berger","year":"1981","unstructured":"Berger PA, et al. The effects of naloxone in chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1981;138:913\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR6","first-page":"1067","volume":"244","author":"G Di Chiara","year":"1988","unstructured":"Di Chiara G, Imperato A. Opposite effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and in the dorsal caudate of freely moving rats. J Pharm Exp Ther. 1988;244:1067\u201380.","journal-title":"J Pharm Exp Ther"},{"key":"1975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4275-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"JP Britt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Britt JP, McGehee DS. Presynaptic opioid and nicotinic receptor modulation of dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci. 2008;28:1672\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1975_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169","volume":"69","author":"OD Howes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howes OD, et al. The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:776\u201386.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","volume":"35","author":"OD Howes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Howes OD, Kapur S. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III-the final common pathway. Schizophr Bull. 2009;35:549\u201362.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1975_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laruelle M, ABi-Dargham A. Dopamine as the wind of the psychotic fire: new evidence from brain imaging studies. J Psychopharmacol. 1999;13:358\u201378.","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119901300405"},{"key":"1975_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593","volume":"275","author":"W Schultz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR. A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science. 1997;275:1593\u20139. p.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1975_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00019-8","volume":"28","author":"KC Berridge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berridge KC, Robinson TE. What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998;28:309\u201369.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"1975_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.10","volume":"67","author":"L Kegeles","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kegeles L, et al. Increased synaptic dopamine in associative regions of the striatum in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:231\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2414","volume":"72","author":"M Slifstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slifstein M, et al. Deficits in prefrontal cortical and extrastriatal dopamine release in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomographic functional magnetic resonance imaging study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:316\u201324.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR15","unstructured":"Naganawa M, et al. Evaluation of F-18-LY2459989 for imaging the kappa opioid receptor in humans. J Nucl Med. 2019;60:577."},{"key":"1975_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17732449","volume":"39","author":"NB Nabulsi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nabulsi NB, et al. Evaluation of the first F-18-labeled PET radiotracer F-18-LY2459989 for imaging kappa opioid receptor in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019;39:89\u201389.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807983116","volume":"116","author":"CM Cassidy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cassidy CM, et al. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:5108\u201317.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schiz Bull. 1987;13:261\u201376.","journal-title":"Schiz Bull."},{"key":"1975_CR19","unstructured":"Andreasen, NC. Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms\/scale for the assessment of positive symptoms. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press; 1984."},{"key":"1975_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00268","volume":"8","author":"Z Cai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cai Z, et al. Fluorine-18-labeled antagonist for PET imaging of kappa opioid receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017;8:12\u201316.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1975_CR21","first-page":"281P","volume":"40","author":"O Mawlawi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mawlawi O, et al. Performance characteristics of a head immobilization device for PET imaging. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:281P\u2013281P.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"1975_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111409265","volume":"26","author":"A Abi-Dargham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abi-Dargham A, et al. Increased prefrontal cortical D(1) receptors in drug naive patients with schizophrenia: a PET study with [(1)(1)C]NNC112. J Psychopharmacol. 2012;26:794\u2013805.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1975_CR23","unstructured":"SPM Online Documentation 2021. https:\/\/www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk\/spm\/doc\/manual.pdf."},{"key":"1975_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2014.07.003","volume":"32","author":"X Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen X, et al. Simultaneous imaging of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra with a quantitative neuromelanin MRI approach. Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;32:1301\u20136.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1975_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116457","volume":"208","author":"K Wengler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wengler K, et al. Reproducibility assessment of neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging protocols for region-of-interest and voxelwise analyses. Neuroimage. 2020;208:116457.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1975_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj013","volume":"32","author":"JJ Blanchard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blanchard JJ, Cohen AS. The structure of negative symptoms within schizophrenia: implications for assessment. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32:238\u201345.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1975_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.028","volume":"132","author":"F Ueno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ueno F, et al. Neuromelanin accumulation in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;132:1205\u201313.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1975_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90139-4","volume":"24","author":"CP O\u2019Brien","year":"1988","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien CP, et al. Endogenous opioids in cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-dependent humans. Biol Psychiatry. 1988;24:649\u201362.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107638","volume":"205","author":"K Shahkarami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahkarami K, et al. Evaluation of dynorphin and kappa-opioid receptor level in the human blood lymphocytes and plasma: Possible role as a biomarker in severe opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;205:107638.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1975_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4305","volume":"81","author":"K Wengler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wengler K, et al. Generalizability and out-of-sample predictive ability of associations between neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging and psychosis in antipsychotic-free individuals. JAMA Psychiatry. 2024;81:198\u2013208.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0806-7","volume":"26","author":"AD Krystal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krystal AD, et al. A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial applying the \u2018fast-fail\u2019 approach to evaluating kappa-opioid antagonism as a treatment for anhedonia. Nat Med. 2020;26:760\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1975_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt ME, et al. Efficacy and safety of aticaprant, a kappa receptor antagonist, adjunctive to oral SSRI\/SNRI antidepressant in major depressive disorder: results of a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024;49:1437\u201347.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01862-x"},{"key":"1975_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.12.008","volume":"44","author":"PO Harvey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harvey PO, et al. Functional neural substrates of self-reported physical anhedonia in non-clinical individuals and in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44:707\u201316.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1975_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.06.006","volume":"35","author":"MT Treadway","year":"2011","unstructured":"Treadway MT, Zald DH. Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35:537\u201355.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1975_CR35","unstructured":"First M, et al., Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I\/P, Version 2.0). New York: Biometrics Research Dept., New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1995."},{"key":"1975_CR36","unstructured":"First M, et al., Structured clinical interview for DSM-5-research version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, research version, SCID-5-RV), ed. a.p. association. Arlington, VA; 2015."},{"key":"1975_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.008","volume":"130","author":"M Skumlien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skumlien M, et al. The acute and non-acute effects of cannabis on reward processing: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;130:512\u201328.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1975_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1411228111","volume":"111","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Volkow ND, et al. Decreased dopamine brain reactivity in marijuana abusers is associated with negative emotionality and addiction severity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:E3149\u201356.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1975_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2386","volume":"79","author":"SJ Abplanalp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abplanalp SJ, et al. Understanding connections and boundaries between positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and role functioning among individuals with schizophrenia: a network psychometric approach. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79:1014\u201322.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.03.008","volume":"93","author":"DE Gard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gard DE, et al. Anhedonia in schizophrenia: distinctions between anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Schizophr Res. 2007;93:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1975_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_376","volume":"27","author":"DM Barch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barch DM, Pagliaccio D, Luking K. Mechanisms underlying motivational deficits in psychopathology: similarities and differences in depression and schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2016;27:411\u201349.","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1975_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.11.005","volume":"68","author":"JH Krystal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krystal JH, et al. Mobilizing an institutional supportive response for healthcare workers and other staff in the context of COVID-19: the Yale experience. Gen Hospital Psychiatry. 2021;68:12\u201318.","journal-title":"Gen Hospital Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.1.1","volume":"80","author":"W Schultz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schultz W. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J Neurophysiol. 1998;80:1\u201327.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1975_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129","volume":"35","author":"SN Haber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haber SN, Knutson B. The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:4\u201326.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1975_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.05.005","volume":"78","author":"JM Gold","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gold JM, Waltz JA, Frank MJ. Effort cost computation in schizophrenia: a commentary on the recent literature. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78:747\u201353.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033808","volume":"14","author":"RA Wise","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wise RA. Dopamine and reward: the anhedonia hypothesis 30 years on. Neurotox Res. 2008;14:169\u201383.","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"1975_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.6.2046","volume":"89","author":"R Spanagel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spanagel R, Herz A, Shippenberg TS. Opposing tonically active endogenous opioid systems modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:2046\u201350.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1975_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.09.023","volume":"1713","author":"HA Tejeda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tejeda HA, Bonci A. Dynorphin\/kappa-opioid receptor control of dopamine dynamics: Implications for negative affective states and psychiatric disorders. Brain Res. 2019;1713:91\u2013101.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"1975_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22500","volume":"33","author":"WA Carlezon Jr.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carlezon WA Jr., Krystal AD. Kappa-opioid antagonists for psychiatric disorders: from bench to clinical trials. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33:895\u2013906.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1975_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.018","volume":"59","author":"EJ Nestler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nestler EJ, Carlezon WA Jr. The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59:1151\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600493","volume":"27","author":"RB Innis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Innis RB, et al. Consensus nomenclature for in vivo imaging of reversibly binding radioligands. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007;27:1533\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"1975_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.190","volume":"30","author":"VJ Cunningham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cunningham VJ, et al. Measuring drug occupancy in the absence of a reference region: the Lassen plot re-visited. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010;30:46\u201350.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1975_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0398-4","volume":"44","author":"D Martinez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez D, et al. Kappa-opioid receptors, dynorphin, and cocaine addiction: a positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44:1720\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-024-01975-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-024-01975-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-024-01975-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1728986740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-024-01975-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-024-01975-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"MS is a consultant to Neurocrine Biosciences Inc. GH has an investigator-initiated research agreement with Terran Biosciences and has filed patents for neuromelanin sensitive MRI in central nervous system disorders. AA is on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Neurocrine Biosciences Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim International, and Abbvie, has received honoraria from Sunovion, holds stock in Herophilus, has stock options in Terran Life Sciences and is on the DSMB for Merck. WQ, RG, JJW, GP, TJ-C, JM, BH, and SJM have nothing to report.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}