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One emerging candidate, which has demonstrated rapid-acting antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant groups, is nitrous oxide (N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O)\u2014a gas commonly used for sedation and pain management in clinical settings and with a range of pharmacological effects, including antagonism of NMDA glutamate receptors. A growing body of evidence suggests that subanaesthetic doses of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O (50%) can interfere with the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories in healthy participants and across a range of disorders. Negative biases in memory play a key role in the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive episodes, and the disruption of affective memory reconsolidation is one plausible mechanism through which N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O exerts its therapeutic effects. Understanding N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u2019s mechanisms of action may facilitate future treatment development in depression. In this narrative review, we introduce the evidence supporting an antidepressant profile of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and evaluate its clinical use compared to other treatments. With a focus on the specific memory processes that are thought to be disrupted in depression, we consider the effects of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O on memory reconsolidation and propose a memory-based mechanism of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O antidepressant action.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-02049-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T07:49:10Z","timestamp":1737100150000},"page":"609-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining memory reconsolidation as a mechanism of nitrous oxide\u2019s antidepressant action"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursule","family":"Taujanskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2197-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunjeev K.","family":"Kamboj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8995-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susannah E.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1609-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Harmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2049_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.05.004","volume":"29","author":"PJ Cowen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cowen PJ. 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