{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T23:04:27Z","timestamp":1765926267506,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are widely used psychoactive drugs and their potential use in psychiatric medicine is currently generating interest. The mechanism by which these drugs may assist recovery in various disorders such as addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is still not well understood. Most investigations of the effects of these drugs on brain activity have focused on cortical resting-state networks, however the striatum is a key reward and motivation hub of the brain and aberrant striatal processing may be part of the pathophysiology of these disorders. Consequently, we investigated striatal connectivity following acute MDMA and LSD administration. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from two separate previous studies, and seed-voxel functional connectivity analyses were used with the striatum subdivided into three seed regions: the associative, limbic, and sensorimotor striatum. Within-network connectivity was measured using group mean network maps and whole-brain connectivity (seed-to-voxel) was also examined. Neither MDMA nor LSD significantly changed within-network connectivity of any of the three striatal seed regions. However, striatal connectivity with other brain regions was significantly altered with both MDMA and LSD. Most notably, MDMA reduced connectivity between the limbic striatum and the amygdala, while LSD increased connectivity between the associative striatum and the frontal, sensorimotor, and visual cortices. Changes in connectivity were mostly observed outside the standard striatal networks, consistent with previous findings that psychedelics reduce network modularity or between-network segregation and increase connectivity across standard networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-025-02270-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T18:08:52Z","timestamp":1761934132000},"page":"412-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissociable effects of LSD and MDMA on striato-cortical connectivity in healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9010-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Ertl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5632-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leor","family":"Roseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Erritzoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1286-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Nutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin L.","family":"Carhart-Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2270_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"K Hardy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hardy K. Paleomedicine and the Evolutionary Context of Medicinal Plant Use. Rev Brasileira de Farmacogn. 2021;31:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Rev Brasileira de Farmacogn"},{"key":"2270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1606472","volume":"51","author":"RE Doblin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doblin RE, Christiansen M, Jerome L, Burge B. The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue. J Psychoact Drugs. 2019;51:93\u201397.","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"2270_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hkl039","volume":"19","author":"E Dyck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dyck E. Hitting Highs at Rock Bottom\u2019: LSD Treatment for Alcoholism, 1950\u20131970. Soc Hist Med. 2006;19:313\u201329.","journal-title":"Soc Hist Med"},{"key":"2270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3530","volume":"14","author":"DJ Nutt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nutt DJ, King LA, Nichols DE. Effects of Schedule I drug laws on neuroscience research and treatment innovation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:577\u201385.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011478","volume":"68","author":"DE Nichols","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nichols DE. Psychedelics. Pharm Rev. 2016;68:264\u2013355.","journal-title":"Pharm Rev"},{"key":"2270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010","volume":"197","author":"MW Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson MW, Hendricks PS, Barrett FS, Griffiths RR. Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function. Pharmacol Therapeut. 2019;197:83\u2013102.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"unstructured":"Hwang KAJ, Saadabadi A. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD). in StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)), 2023.","key":"2270_CR7"},{"key":"2270_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518377113","volume":"113","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Muthukumaraswamy S, Roseman L, Kaelen M, Droog W, Murphy K, et al. Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:4853\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2270_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23224","volume":"37","author":"L Roseman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roseman L, Sereno MI, Leech R, Kaelen M, Orban C, McGonigle J, et al. LSD alters eyes-closed functional connectivity within the early visual cortex in a retinotopic fashion. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016;37:3031\u201340.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403635","volume":"7","author":"J Levine","year":"1965","unstructured":"Levine J, Ludwig AM. Alterations in consciousness produced by combinations of LSD, hypnosis and psychotherapy. Psychopharmacologia. 1965;7:123\u201337.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"2270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4733-3","volume":"235","author":"Y Schmid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmid Y, Liechti ME. Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology. 2018;235:535\u201345.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00943","volume":"10","author":"JJ Fuentes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fuentes JJ, Fonseca F, Elices M, Farr\u00e9 M, Torrens M. Therapeutic Use of LSD in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trials. Front Psychiatry. 2020;10:943.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1964.25.333","volume":"25","author":"RG Smart","year":"1964","unstructured":"Smart RG, Storm T. The Efficacy of LSD in the Treatment of Alcoholism. Q J Stud Alcohol. 1964;25:333\u20138.","journal-title":"Q J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"2270_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.1966.20.3.415","volume":"20","author":"H Abramson","year":"1966","unstructured":"Abramson H. A. LSD in Psychotherapy and Alcoholism. APT. 1966;20:415\u201338.","journal-title":"APT"},{"key":"2270_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.108.12.896","volume":"108","author":"C Savage","year":"1952","unstructured":"Savage C. Lysergic acid diethylamide (lsd-25). AJP. 1952;108:896\u2013900.","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"2270_CR16","first-page":"659","volume":"62","author":"N Schimmel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schimmel N, Breeksema JJ, Veraart JKE, van den Brink W, Schoevers RA. Psychedelics for existential distress in terminally ill patients]. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2020;62:659\u201368.","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"2270_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1970.10471363","volume":"3","author":"WN Pahnke","year":"1970","unstructured":"Pahnke WN, Kurland AA, Unger S, Savage C, Wolf S, Goodman LE. Psychedelic Therapy (Utilizing LSD) with Cancer Patients. J Psychedelic Drugs. 1970;3:63\u201375.","journal-title":"J Psychedelic Drugs"},{"key":"2270_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.08.025","volume":"93","author":"F Holze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holze F, Gasser P, M\u00fcller F, Dolder PC, Liechti ME. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide\u2013Assisted Therapy in Patients With Anxiety With and Without a Life-Threatening Illness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study. Biol Psychiatry. 2023;93:215\u201323.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fcller F, Zaczek H, Becker AM, Ley L, Borgwardt S, Santos de Jesus J, et al. Efficacy and safety of low- versus high-dose-LSD-assisted therapy in patients with major depression: A randomized trial. Med 2025;100725 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100725.","key":"2270_CR19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100725"},{"key":"2270_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.02.010","volume":"26","author":"E Tagliazucchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tagliazucchi E, Roseman L, Kaelen M, Orban C, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Murphy K, et al. Increased Global Functional Connectivity Correlates with LSD-Induced Ego Dissolution. Curr Biol. 2016;26:1043\u201350.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preller KH, Burt JB, Ji JL, Schleifer CH, Adkinson BD, St\u00e4mpfli P, et al. Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor. eLife, 2018;7:e35082.","key":"2270_CR21","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.35082"},{"key":"2270_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.03.018","volume":"26","author":"M Kaelen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaelen M, Roseman L, Kahan J, Santos-Ribeiro A, Orban C, Lorenz R, et al. LSD modulates music-induced imagery via changes in parahippocampal connectivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26:1099\u2013109.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117653","volume":"227","author":"AI Luppi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luppi AI, Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Pappas I, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. LSD alters dynamic integration and segregation in the human brain. Neuroimage. 2021;227:117653.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140873","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0873","volume":"11","author":"G Petri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petri G, Expert P, Turkheimer F, Carhart-Harris R, Nutt D, Hellyer PJ, et al. Homological scaffolds of brain functional networks. J R Soc Interface. 2014;11:20140873.","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"2270_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218949120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218949120","volume":"120","author":"C Timmermann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Timmermann C, Roseman L, Haridas S, Rosas FE, Luan L, Kettner H, et al. Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2023;120:2218949120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2270_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu222","volume":"143","author":"LE Lizarraga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lizarraga LE, Cholanians AB, Phan AV, Herndon JM, Lau SS, Monks TJ. Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 and the Acute and Long-Term Response to 3,4-(\u00b1)-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Toxicol Sci. 2015;143:209\u201319.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2270_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90137-Q","volume":"39","author":"B Gough","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gough B, Ali SF, Slikker W, Holson RR. Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on monoamines in rat caudate. Pharm Biochem Behav. 1991;39:619\u201323.","journal-title":"Pharm Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2270_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00148-7","volume":"22","author":"ME Liechti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liechti ME, Baumann C, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX. Acute psychological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, \u2018Ecstasy\u2019) are attenuated by the serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000;22:513\u201321.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119826594","volume":"33","author":"M Carlyle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carlyle M, Stevens T, Fawaz L, Marsh B, Kosmider S, Morgan CJ. Greater empathy in MDMA users. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33:295\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1986.10472364","volume":"18","author":"G Greer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Greer G, Tolbert R. Subjective reports of the effects of MDMA in a clinical setting. J Psychoact Drugs. 1986;18:319\u201327.","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"2270_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx037","volume":"20","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmidt A, M\u00fcller F, Dolder PC, Schmid Y, Zanchi D, Liechti ME, et al. Comparative Effects of Methylphenidate, Modafinil, and MDMA on Response Inhibition Neural Networks in Healthy Subjects. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;20:712\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1635-z","volume":"207","author":"G Bedi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bedi G, Phan KL, Angstadt M, De Wit H. Effects of MDMA on sociability and neural response to social threat and social reward. Psychopharmacology. 2009;207:73\u201383.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx112","volume":"21","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt A, M\u00fcller F, Dolder PC, Schmid Y, Zanchi D, Egloff L, et al. Acute Effects of Methylphenidate, Modafinil, and MDMA on Negative Emotion Processing. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;21:345\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713001405","volume":"17","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Wall MB, Erritzoe D, Kaelen M, Ferguson B, De Meer I, et al. The effect of acutely administered MDMA on subjective and BOLD-fMRI responses to favourite and worst autobiographical memories. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17:527\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00204","volume":"8","author":"L Roseman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roseman L, Leech R, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. The effects of psilocybin and MDMA on between-network resting state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:204.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.12.015","volume":"78","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Murphy K, Leech R, Erritzoe D, Wall MB, Ferguson B, et al. The Effects of Acutely Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Spontaneous Brain Function in Healthy Volunteers Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling and Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Resting State Functional Connectivity. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78:554\u201362.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.35","volume":"42","author":"IC Walpola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walpola IC, Nest T, Roseman L, Erritzoe D, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, et al. Altered Insula Connectivity under MDMA. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42:2152\u201362.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.82","volume":"41","author":"PC Dolder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dolder PC, Schmid Y, M\u00fcller F, Borgwardt S, Liechti ME. LSD Acutely Impairs Fear Recognition and Enhances Emotional Empathy and Sociality. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41:2638\u201346.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.016","volume":"57","author":"P Kamilar-Britt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kamilar-Britt P, Bedi G. The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;57:433\u201346.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2270_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00138","volume":"10","author":"B Sessa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sessa B, Higbed L, Nutt D. A review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00906-2","volume":"46","author":"F M\u00fcller","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fcller F, Holze F, Dolder P, Ley L, Vizeli P, Soltermann A, et al. MDMA-induced changes in within-network connectivity contradict the specificity of these alterations for the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021;46:545\u201353.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR42","first-page":"522","volume":"9","author":"M Avram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Avram M, M\u00fcller F, Preller KH, Razi A, Rogg H, Korda A, et al. Effective Connectivity of Thalamocortical Interactions Following d-Amphetamine, LSD, and MDMA Administration. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2024;9:522\u201332.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2270_CR43","first-page":"885","volume":"7","author":"M Avram","year":"2022","unstructured":"Avram M, M\u00fcller F, Rogg H, Korda A, Andreou C, Holze F, et al. Characterizing Thalamocortical (Dys)connectivity Following D-Amphetamine, LSD, and MDMA Administration. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2022;7:885\u201394.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2270_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.006","volume":"66","author":"I Elman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elman I, Lowen S, Frederick BB, Chi W, Becerra L, Pitman RK. Functional neuroimaging of reward circuitry responsivity to monetary gains and losses in post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66:1083\u201390.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.033","volume":"301","author":"LM Yager","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yager LM, Garcia AF, Wunsch AM, Ferguson SM. The ins and outs of the striatum: Role in drug addiction. Neuroscience. 2015;301:529\u201341.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2270_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00104","volume":"10","author":"SK Peters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peters SK, Dunlop K, Downar J. Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: a central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment. Front Syst Neurosci. 2016;10:104.","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22371","volume":"35","author":"J Posner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Posner J, Marsh R, Maia TV, Peterson BS, Gruber A, Simpson HB. Reduced functional connectivity within the limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014;35:2852\u201360.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2270_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-018-0214-x","volume":"34","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Jiang X, Ji W. The Mechanism of Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Neurocircuitry in Response Inhibition and Emotional Responding in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Comorbid Disruptive Behavior Disorder. Neurosci Bull. 2018;34:566\u201372.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"2270_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.1.1","volume":"80","author":"W Schultz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schultz W. Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons. J Neurophysiol. 1998;80:1\u201327.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2270_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","volume":"3","author":"GF Koob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3:760\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000048520.34839.1A","volume":"23","author":"D Martinez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martinez D, Slifstein M, Broft A, Mawlawi O, Hwang DR, Huang Y, et al. Imaging Human Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission With Positron Emission Tomography. Part II: Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Functional Subdivisions of the Striatum. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003;23:285\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tziortzi, A. C., Haber, S. N., Searle, G. E., Tsoumpas, C., Long, C. J., Shotbolt, P., et al. Connectivity-Based Functional Analysis of Dopamine Release in the Striatum Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Positron Emission Tomography. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991) 2013 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhs397.","key":"2270_CR52","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs397"},{"key":"2270_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00575-8","volume":"96","author":"D Joel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joel D, Weiner I. The Connections of the Dopaminergic System With the Striatum in Rats and Primates: an Analysis With Respect To the Functional and Compartmental Organization of the Striatum. Neuroscience. 2000;96:451\u201374.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2270_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00646-3","volume":"56","author":"FX Vollenweider","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vollenweider FX, Geyer MA. A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses. Brain Res Bull. 2001;56:495\u2013507.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"2270_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab406","volume":"145","author":"MK Doss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doss MK, Madden MB, Gaddis A, Nebel MB, Griffiths RR, Mathur BN, et al. Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits. Brain. 2022;145:441\u201356.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2270_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0367-2","volume":"21","author":"FX Vollenweider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vollenweider FX, Preller KH. Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020;21:611\u201324.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211069103","volume":"36","author":"N Family","year":"2022","unstructured":"Family N, Hendricks PS, Williams LT, Luke D, Krediet E, Maillet EL, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and subjective effects of 50, 75, and 100 \u00b5g LSD in healthy participants within a novel intervention paradigm: A proof-of-concept study. J Psychopharmacol. 2022;36:321\u201336.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ertl, N., Lawn, W., Mokrysz, C., Freeman, T. P., Alnagger, N., Borissova, A., et al. Associations between regular cannabis use and brain resting-state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults. J Psychopharmacol 2023;2698811231189441 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02698811231189441.","key":"2270_CR58","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231189441"},{"key":"2270_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119841568","volume":"33","author":"MB Wall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wall MB, Pope R, Freeman TP, Kowalczyk OS, Demetriou L, Mokrysz C, et al. Dissociable effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol on the human brain\u2019s resting-state functional connectivity. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33:822\u201330.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01891-6","volume":"49","author":"N Ertl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ertl N, Freeman TP, Mokrysz C, Ofori S, Borissova A, Petrilli K, et al. Acute effects of different types of cannabis on young adult and adolescent resting-state brain networks. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2024;49:1640\u201351.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221092506","author":"MB Wall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wall MB, Freeman TP, Hindocha C, Demetriou L, Ertl N, Freeman AM, et al. Individual and combined effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on striato-cortical connectivity in the human brain. J Psychopharmacol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02698811221092506. 2020.11.20.391805.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.011","volume":"176","author":"L Demetriou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Demetriou L, Kowalczyk OS, Tyson G, Bello T, Newbould RD, Wall MB. A comprehensive evaluation of increasing temporal resolution with multiband-accelerated sequences and their effects on statistical outcome measures in fMRI. NeuroImage. 2018;176:404\u201316.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2270_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121958","volume":"3","author":"AN Comninos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Comninos AN, Demetriou L, Wall MB, Shah AJ, Clarke SA, Narayanaswamy S, et al. Modulations of human resting brain connectivity by kisspeptin enhance sexual and emotional functions. JCI Insight. 2018;3:0\u201310.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2270_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048","volume":"84","author":"JD Power","year":"2014","unstructured":"Power JD, Mitra A, Laumann TO, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE. Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI. Neuroimage. 2014;84:320\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2270_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602413113","volume":"113","author":"A Eklund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H. Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:7900\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2270_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2017.1319350","volume":"8","author":"SD Slotnick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slotnick SD. Cluster success: fMRI inferences for spatial extent have acceptable false-positive rates. Cogn Neurosci. 2017;8:150\u20135.","journal-title":"Cogn Neurosci"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noble, S., Scheinost, D. & Constable, R. T. Cluster failure or power failure? Evaluating sensitivity in cluster-level inference. NeuroImage 2019;116468 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2019.116468.","key":"2270_CR67","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2019.116468"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wall, M. B., Freeman, T. P., Hindocha, C., Demetriou, L., Ertl, N., Freeman, A. M., et al. Individual and combined effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on striato-cortical connectivity in the human brain. bioRxiv 2020;2020.11.20.391805 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.11.20.391805.","key":"2270_CR68","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.20.391805"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daws RE, Timmermann C, Giribaldi B, Sexton JD, Wall MB, Erritzoe D, et al. Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression. Nat Med. 2022;28:844\u2013851.","key":"2270_CR69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01744-z"},{"key":"2270_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.12.027","volume":"88","author":"KH Preller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Preller KH, Duerler P, Burt JB, Ji JL, Adkinson B, St\u00e4mpfli P, et al. Psilocybin Induces Time-Dependent Changes in Global Functional Connectivity. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;88:197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01744-z","volume":"28","author":"RE Daws","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daws RE, Timmermann C, Giribaldi B, Sexton JD, Wall MB, Erritzoe D, et al. Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression. Nat Med. 2022;28:844\u201351.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2270_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010294","volume":"18","author":"MJ Redinbaugh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Redinbaugh MJ, Afrasiabi M, Phillips JM, Kambi NA, Mohanta S, Raz A, et al. Thalamic deep brain stimulation paradigm to reduce consciousness: Cortico-striatal dynamics implicated in mechanisms of consciousness. PLoS Comput Biol. 2022;18:e1010294.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2270_CR73","first-page":"363","volume":"12","author":"M Afrasiabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afrasiabi M, Redinbaugh MJ, Phillips JM, Kambi NA, Mohanta S, Raz A, et al. Consciousness depends on integration between parietal cortex, striatum, and thalamus. cels. 2021;12:363\u201373.e11.","journal-title":"cels"},{"key":"2270_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44358-w","volume":"15","author":"F Grill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grill F, Guitart-Masip M, Johansson J, Stiernman L, Axelsson J, Nyberg L, et al. Dopamine release in human associative striatum during reversal learning. Nat Commun. 2024;15:59.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2270_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.04.050","volume":"151","author":"AH Palejwala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palejwala AH, Dadario NB, Young IM, O'Connor K, Briggs RG, Conner AK, et al. Anatomy and White Matter Connections of the Lingual Gyrus and Cuneus. World Neurosurg. 2021;151:e426\u201337.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2270_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.03.005","volume":"18","author":"F M\u00fcller","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00fcller F, Dolder PC, Schmidt A, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S. Altered network hub connectivity after acute LSD administration. Neuroimage Clin. 2018;18:694\u2013701.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"2270_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109300","volume":"223","author":"M Aqil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aqil M, Roseman L. More than meets the eye: The role of sensory dimensions in psychedelic brain dynamics, experience, and therapeutics. Neuropharmacology. 2023;223:109300.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2270_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918477117","volume":"117","author":"M Forstmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forstmann M, Yudkin DA, Prosser AMB, Heller SM, Crockett MJ. Transformative experience and social connectedness mediate the mood-enhancing effects of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020;117:2338\u201346.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2270_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0","volume":"47","author":"NP Friedman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friedman NP, Robbins TW. The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022;47:72\u201389.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6434","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002963","volume":"53","author":"JW Kanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanen JW, Luo Q, Rostami Kandroodi M, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW, Nutt DJ, et al. Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans. Psychol Med. 2022;53:6434\u201345.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2270_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125316640440","volume":"6","author":"S Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das S, Barnwal P, Ramasamy A, Sen S, Mondal S. Lysergic acid diethylamide: a drug of \u2018use\u2019?. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2016;6:214\u201328.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2270_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6","volume":"376","author":"DJ Nutt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD. Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. Lancet. 2010;376:1558\u201365.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2270_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00715.2019","volume":"124","author":"E Bizzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bizzi E, Ajemian R. From motor planning to execution: a sensorimotor loop perspective. J Neurophysiol. 2020;124:1815\u201323.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2270_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00017","volume":"10","author":"A Tewari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tewari A, Jog R, Jog MS. The Striatum and Subthalamic Nucleus as Independent and Collaborative Structures in Motor Control. Front Syst Neurosci. 2016;10:17.","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12309","volume":"16","author":"CM Gremel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gremel CM, Lovinger DM. Associative and Sensorimotor Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuit Roles in Effects of Abused Drugs. Genes Brain Behav. 2017;16:71\u201385.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"2270_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00431","volume":"9","author":"VD Bohbot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bohbot VD, Jech R, R\u016fzicka E, Nadel L, Kalina M, Step\u00e1nkov\u00e1 K, et al. Role of the parahippocampal cortex in memory for the configuration but not the identity of objects: converging evidence from patients with selective thermal lesions and fMRI. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015;9:49\u201365.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2017.1.52","volume":"4","author":"M Pavuluri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pavuluri M, Volpe K, Yuen A. Nucleus Accumbens and Its Role in Reward and Emotional Circuitry: A Potential Hot Mess in Substance Use and Emotional Disorders. AIMSN. 2017;4:52\u201370.","journal-title":"AIMSN"},{"key":"2270_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst161","volume":"9","author":"CM Hysek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hysek CM, Schmid Y, Simmler LD, Domes G, Heinrichs M, Eisenegger C, et al. MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014;9:1645\u201352.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2270_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00049-4","volume":"92","author":"CP Stephenson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stephenson CP, Hunt G, Topple A, McGregor I. The distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine \u201cEcstasy\u201d-induced c-fos expression in rat brain. Neuroscience. 1999;92:1011\u201323.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2270_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0331-9","volume":"11","author":"M Manto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manto M, Bower JM, Conforto AB, Delgado-Garc\u00eda JM, da Guarda SN, Gerwig M, et al. Consensus Paper: Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Control\u2014The Diversity of Ideas on Cerebellar Involvement in Movement. Cerebellum. 2012;11:457\u201387.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumont GJH, Valkenberg MMGJ, Schoemaker R, Buitelaar JK, Van Gerven JMA, Verkes RJ. Acute MDMA and ethanol interaction effects on psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63:503.","key":"2270_CR91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02886_1.x"},{"key":"2270_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01400-x","volume":"27","author":"A Frick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frick A, Bj\u00f6rkstrand J, Lubberink M, Eriksson A, Fredrikson M, \u00c5hs F. Dopamine and fear memory formation in the human amygdala. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:1704\u201311.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.50","volume":"69","author":"RA Morey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morey RA, Gold AL, LaBar KS, Beall SK, Brown VM, Haswell CC, et al. Amygdala Volume Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large Case-Controlled Veterans Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:1169\u201378.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2000.2.1\/bvdkolk","volume":"2","author":"B van der Kolk","year":"2000","unstructured":"van der Kolk B. Posttraumatic stress disorder and the nature of trauma. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2000;2:7\u201322.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singleton SP, Wang JB, Mithoefer M, Hanlon C, George MS, Mithoefer A, et al. Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2023;13:947622.","key":"2270_CR95","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.947622"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netzer O, Magal N, Stern Y, Polinsky T, Gross R, Admon R, et al. Trauma under psychedelics: how psychoactive substances impact trauma processing. World Psychiatry. 2025;24:444\u2013445.","key":"2270_CR96","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21363"},{"key":"2270_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.06.022","volume":"225","author":"G Liakakis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liakakis G, Nickel J, Seitz RJ. Diversity of the inferior frontal gyrus-a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Behav Brain Res. 2011;225:341\u20137.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2270_CR98","first-page":"4","volume":"5","author":"TJ Gould","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gould TJ. Addiction and Cognition. Addict Sci Clin Pr. 2010;5:4\u201314.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pr"},{"key":"2270_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183740","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1183740","volume":"14","author":"R Zafar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zafar R, Siegel M, Harding R, Barba T, Agnorelli C, Suseelan S, et al. Psychedelic therapy in the treatment of addiction: the past, present and future. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1183740.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02565-4","volume":"29","author":"JM Mitchell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitchell JM, Ot'alora G M, van der Kolk B, Shannon S, Bogenschutz M, Gelfand Y, et al. MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 2023;29:2473\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2270_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-02597-x","author":"S Reardon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reardon S. FDA rejects ecstasy as a therapy: what\u2019s next for psychedelics?. Nature. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-024-02597-x.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2270_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e533","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.28","volume":"5","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidt A, Denier N, Magon S, Radue EW, Huber CG, Riecher-Rossler A, et al. Increased functional connectivity in the resting-state basal ganglia network after acute heroin substitution. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5:e533.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02734-y","volume":"30","author":"M Avram","year":"2025","unstructured":"Avram M, Fortea L, Wollner L, Coenen R, Korda A, Rogg H, et al. Large-scale brain connectivity changes following the administration of lysergic acid diethylamide, d-amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine. Mol Psychiatry. 2025;30:1297\u2013307.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2270_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13371","volume":"67","author":"CA Stein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stein CA, Penn A, Van Hope S, Dorsen CG, Mangini M. The Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of Psychedelic Medicines Within Midwifery Practice. J Midwifery Women\u2019s Health. 2022;67:373\u201383.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"2270_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100044","volume":"3","author":"E Argento","year":"2022","unstructured":"Argento E, Goldenberg S, Deering K, Lavalley J, Braschel M, Bingham B, et al. Interest in receiving psychedelic-assisted therapy among marginalized women: Implications and findings from a community-based study in Canada. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2022;3:100044.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep"},{"key":"2270_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39812-0","volume":"13","author":"A Buot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buot A, Pallares C, Oganesyan A, Daur\u00e9 C, Bonnelle V, Burgui\u00e8re E, et al. Improvement in OCD symptoms associated with serotoninergic psychedelics: a retrospective online survey. Sci Rep. 2023;13:13378.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2270_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61190-4","volume":"14","author":"N Ertl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ertl N, Mills EG, Wall MB, Thurston L, Yang L, Suladze S, et al. Women and men with distressing low sexual desire exhibit sexually dimorphic brain processing. Sci Rep. 2024;14:11051.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-025-02270-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-025-02270-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-025-02270-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T23:02:33Z","timestamp":1765926153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-025-02270-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-025-02270-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0893-133X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1740-634X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"RCH is a scientific advisor to Entheos Labs, Journey Collab, Otsuka and Mindstate and has received fees or share from these companies. DJN is Chief Research Officer for Awakn Life Sciences and, within the past 2 years, has been a scientific advisor to COMPASS Pathways, Neural therapeutics, Algernon pharmaceuticals and Alvarius. NE and MBW\u2019s primary employer is Perceptive Inc, a contract research organisation which provides services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. DE has, within the last 2 years, received fees for scientific advisory work from the following (novel psychedelic) companies: Mydecine, Field Trip Health, SmallPharma Ltd, Aya Biosciences, Clerkenwell Health and Mindstate Design Lab and has received an honorarium fee from each of Compass Pathways and Lundbeck for a talk about psychedelic science. Remaining authors have nothing to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}