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There is evidence that oxytocin (OXT) treatments can improve sociability in persons with ASD and related animal models, encouraging the idea that benefits might extend to cognitive function. We tested this possibility in male FXS model,\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -knockout (KO) mice. Intranasal treatments with OXT or saline were given daily during the second or fifth postnatal week, and effects on social behavior, spatial and episodic memory, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity were assessed in adulthood. Saline-treated\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -KOs exhibited profound deficits in social recognition, object location memory, what-when-where components of episodic memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) in both the CA3-CA1 and lateral perforant path (LPP) systems; NMDAR-mediated components of LPP responses were also impaired. OXT treatments during the second week postnatal normalized all of these functions in\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -KOs assessed in adulthood; this included restoration of initial stages of CA3-CA1 LTP and granule cell NMDAR-mediated currents. In hippocampal slices from na\u00efve adult male\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -KO mice, bath-applied OXT treatment restored LTP in CA1 but not the LPP, indicating pathway-specific effects. Intranasal OXT treatments during the 5\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    week postnatal did not have enduring effects in either genotype. The present evidence that early OXT treatment corrects a broad range of cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits in\n                    <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -KO mice identifies a clinically plausible strategy for normalizing hippocampal function in ASD and FXS, and highlights the presence of a critical developmental window for effective intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-026-02423-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:24:33Z","timestamp":1777400673000},"page":"1958-1968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lasting effects of early-life oxytocin treatment on LTP and episodic memory in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Chavez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliza A.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8444-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie C.","family":"Lauterborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7118-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittney M.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousheng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3520-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-796X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418110-00001","volume":"18","author":"JA Tsiouris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsiouris JA, Brown WT. 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