{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:24:40Z","timestamp":1787048680262,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norrsken Mind"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-02542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-02542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Psilocybin is a rapid-acting antidepressant, but its mechanism of action in major depressive disorder remains unclear. In this secondary analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trial with multimodal CSF and blood biomarker measurements, psilocybin selectively reduced CSF galanin and noradrenaline, implicating that normalization of these co-transmitters is a key pharmacodynamic signature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-026-02490-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:35:46Z","timestamp":1783445746000},"page":"1898-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CSF galanin and noradrenaline downregulation by psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Paslawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Doyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Johan","family":"Ekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hampus","family":"Yngwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejan","family":"Mamula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Zareba-Paslawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Beckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Qing David","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"H\u00f6kfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8495-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Tiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Svenningsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Collaborators, G. B. D. M. D. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9:137\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3"},{"key":"2490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-02044-5","volume":"50","author":"J Saelens","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saelens J, Gramser A, Watzal V, Zarate CA Jr, Lanzenberger R, Kraus C. Relative effectiveness of antidepressant treatments in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacol : Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol. 2025;50:913\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-024-02044-5.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol : Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206443","volume":"387","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goodwin GM, Aaronson ST, Alvarez O, Arden PC, Baker A, Bennett JC, et al. Single-dose psilocybin for a treatment-resistant episode of major depression. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1637\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2206443.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.14530","volume":"330","author":"CL Raison","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raison CL, Sanacora G, Woolley J, Heinzerling K, Dunlop BW, Brown RT, et al. Single-dose psilocybin treatment for major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2023;330:843\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.14530.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"2490_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032994","volume":"384","author":"R Carhart-Harris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R, Baker-Jones M, Murphy-Beiner A, Murphy R, et al. Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1402\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2032994.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2490_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2612589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.12589","volume":"9","author":"H Yngwe","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yngwe H, Plav\u00e9n-Sigray P, Ekman CJ, Henje E, Berglund A, Tiger M, et al. Short-term and late-term effects of psilocybin on symptoms in major depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9:e2612589\u2013e2612589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.12589.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller AH, Raison CL. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16:22\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri.2015.5.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.09.004","volume":"114","author":"NL Mason","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mason NL, Szabo A, Kuypers K, Mallaroni PA, de la Torre Fornell R, Reckweg JT, et al. Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study. Brain Behav Immun. 2023;114:299\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.09.004.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2490_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.105","volume":"19","author":"ML Molendijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molendijk ML, Spinhoven P, Polak M, Bus BA, Penninx BW, Elzinga BM. Serum BDNF concentrations as peripheral manifestations of depression: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analyses on 179 associations (N=9484). Mol psychiatry. 2014;19:791\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2013.105.","journal-title":"Mol psychiatry"},{"key":"2490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.13","volume":"19","author":"P Svenningsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Svenningsson P, Berg L, Matthews D, Ionescu DF, Richards EM, Niciu MJ, et al. Preliminary evidence that early reduction in p11 levels in natural killer cells and monocytes predicts the likelihood of antidepressant response to chronic citalopram. Mol psychiatry. 2014;19:962\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2014.13.","journal-title":"Mol psychiatry"},{"key":"2490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Melander T, Ju G, Meister B, R\u00f6kaeus \u00c5., Staines WA, H\u00f6kfelt T. Coexistence of galanin-like immunoreactivity with classical transmitters and other neuropeptides in the CNS. In: H\u00f6kfelt T, Bartfai T, Jacobowitz D, Ottoson D. (eds) Galanin. Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series. Palgrave, London, 1991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-349-12664-4_8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-12664-4_8"},{"key":"2490_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.11.025","volume":"1641","author":"D Weinshenker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weinshenker D, Holmes PV. Regulation of neurological and neuropsychiatric phenotypes by locus coeruleus-derived galanin. Brain Res. 2016;1641:320\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.11.025.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301660","volume":"33","author":"E Kuteeva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuteeva E, Wardi T, Lundstr\u00f6m L, Sollenberg U, Langel U, H\u00f6kfelt T, et al. Differential role of galanin receptors in the regulation of depression-like behavior and monoamine\/stress-related genes at the cell body level. Neuropsychopharmacol : Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;33:2573\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1301660.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol : Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8472","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617824113","volume":"113","author":"S Barde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barde S, R\u00fcegg J, Prud'homme J, Ekstr\u00f6m TJ, Palkovits M, Turecki G, et al. Alterations in the neuropeptide galanin system in major depressive disorder involve levels of transcripts, methylation, and peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:E8472\u2013E8481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1617824113.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1403649111","volume":"111","author":"G Juhasz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juhasz G, Hullam G, Eszlari N, Gonda X, Antal P, Anderson IM, et al. Brain galanin system genes interact with life stresses in depression-related phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111:E1666\u2013E1673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1403649111.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02490-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02490-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02490-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:29:53Z","timestamp":1787045393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02490-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-026-02490-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"JL reported receiving personal fees from Jansen Cilag outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}