{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T01:07:36Z","timestamp":1793927256092,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH070727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH070727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS134128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS134128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Synaptic vesicle fusion is orchestrated by the soluble N-ethylmaleimide\u2013sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) complex. The SNARE complex includes SNAP25, synaptobrevin-2, and syntaxin-1. This machinery drives action potential-evoked release, as well as the majority of spontaneous release. Mutations in components of the SNARE machinery can differentially affect spontaneous or evoked release and result in severe neurodevelopmental phenotypes, as exemplified by SNAP25 encephalopathies that arise from mutations in the SNAP25 gene. Among various pathogenic SNAP25 variants, L50S, V48F, and D166Y increase spontaneous glutamate release that destabilizes network activity. Patients who carry these variants develop recurrent seizures that are refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs, which primarily act on components of evoked neurotransmission and leave spontaneous release abnormalities unaddressed. To surmount this limitation, we explored a strategy targeting homeostatic plasticity mechanisms with lithium, which has been shown to downscale postsynaptic \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR). In vitro, lithium corrected cellular phenotypes in neurons expressing SNAP25 variants. In vivo, we generated a knock-in mouse model recapitulating the SNAP25 L50S mutation to test these results. These mice displayed increased neonatal mortality, infertility, hypomobility, frequent seizure activity, anxiety-like behavior, social deficits, and impaired learning and memory. Chronic lithium treatment reduced seizure frequency and ameliorated long-term memory and locomotor activity. Taken together, lithium alleviated synaptic and behavioral disturbances driven by pathological spontaneous glutamate release by inducing homeostatic AMPAR downscaling. Thus, this work provides a mechanistically grounded therapeutic strategy for SNAP25 encephalopathies and other disorders characterized by elevated spontaneous glutamate release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-026-02535-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:56:53Z","timestamp":1787821013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lithium as a therapeutic strategy for SNAP25 encephalopathies via modulation of homeostatic plasticity"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Uzay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z. Zack","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan Alp","family":"Uzay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Alten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Monteggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1777-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ege T.","family":"Kavalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3875","volume":"16","author":"ET Kavalali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kavalali ET. The mechanisms and functions of spontaneous neurotransmitter release. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015;16:5\u201316.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2535_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.796498","volume":"13","author":"NJ Guzikowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guzikowski NJ, Kavalali ET. Nano-organization at the synapse: segregation of distinct forms of neurotransmission. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2021;13:796498.","journal-title":"Front Synaptic Neurosci"},{"key":"2535_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161748","volume":"323","author":"TC S\u00fcdhof","year":"2009","unstructured":"S\u00fcdhof TC, Rothman JE. Membrane fusion: grappling with SNARE and SM proteins. Science. 2009;323:474\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2535_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.012","volume":"75","author":"TC S\u00fcdhof","year":"2012","unstructured":"S\u00fcdhof TC. The presynaptic active zone. Neuron. 2012;75:11\u201325.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2535_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.01.007","volume":"21","author":"DMO Ramirez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramirez DMO, Kavalali ET. Differential regulation of spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release at central synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2011;21:275\u201382.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2535_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.05.036","volume":"107","author":"M Verhage","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verhage M, S\u00f8rensen JB. SNAREopathies: diversity in mechanisms and symptoms. Neuron. 2020;107:22\u201337.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2535_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2023.1148957","volume":"15","author":"B Uzay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uzay B, Kavalali ET. Genetic disorders of neurotransmitter release machinery. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2023;15:1148957.","journal-title":"Front Synaptic Neurosci"},{"key":"2535_CR8","first-page":"653","volume":"23","author":"C Kl\u00f6ckner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ckner C, Sticht H, Zacher P, Popp B, Babcock HE, Bakker DP, et al. De novo variants in SNAP25 cause an early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Genet Med J Am Coll Med Genet. 2021;23:653\u201360.","journal-title":"Genet Med J Am Coll Med Genet"},{"key":"2535_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1450","volume":"15","author":"J Rizo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rizo J, Rosenmund C. Synaptic vesicle fusion. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008;15:665\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"2535_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26314","DOI":"10.4161\/rdis.26314","volume":"1","author":"L Rohena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rohena L, Neidich J, Truitt Cho M, Gonzalez KD, Tang S, Devinsky O, et al. Mutation in SNAP25 as a novel genetic cause of epilepsy and intellectual disability. Rare Dis. 2013;1:e26314.","journal-title":"Rare Dis"},{"key":"2535_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.10.012","volume":"109","author":"B Alten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alten B, Zhou Q, Shin OH, Esquivies L, Lin PY, White KI, et al. Role of aberrant spontaneous neurotransmission in SNAP25-associated encephalopathies. Neuron. 2021;109:59\u201372.e5.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2535_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10151","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2432-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"D Atasoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atasoy D, Ertunc M, Moulder KL, Blackwell J, Chung C, Su J, et al. Spontaneous and evoked glutamate release activates two populations of NMDA receptors with limited overlap. J Neurosci J Soc Neurosci. 2008;28:10151\u201366.","journal-title":"J Neurosci J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"2535_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52852","volume":"9","author":"PM Horvath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horvath PM, Piazza MK, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Spontaneous and evoked neurotransmission are partially segregated at inhibitory synapses. eLife. 2020;9:e52852.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2535_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.05.015","volume":"106","author":"ET Kavalali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Targeting homeostatic synaptic plasticity for treatment of mood disorders. Neuron. 2020;106:715\u201326.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2535_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01411-4","volume":"48","author":"ET Kavalali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Rapid homeostatic plasticity and neuropsychiatric therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2023;48:54\u201360.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2535_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.25480","volume":"6","author":"ES Gideons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gideons ES, Lin PY, Mahgoub M, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Chronic lithium treatment elicits its antimanic effects via BDNF-TrkB-dependent synaptic downscaling. eLife. 2017;6:e25480.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2535_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duselis AR, Vrana PB. Harvesting sperm and artifi cial insemination of mice. J Vis Exp. 2007;3:184.","DOI":"10.3791\/184"},{"key":"2535_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19441-8","volume":"8","author":"MF Sentmanat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sentmanat MF, Peters ST, Florian CP, Connelly JP, Pruett-Miller SM. A survey of validation strategies for CRISPR-Cas9 editing. Sci Rep. 2018;8:888.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2535_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002024107","volume":"107","author":"Y Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zhu X, Hahm HS, Wei W, Hao E, Hayek A, et al. Revealing a core signaling regulatory mechanism for pluripotent stem cell survival and self-renewal by small molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107:8129\u201334.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2535_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.05.029","volume":"78","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Pak C, Han Y, Ahlenius H, Zhang Z, Chanda S, et al. Rapid single-step induction of functional neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Neuron. 2013;78:785\u201398.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2535_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112042","volume":"42","author":"B Uzay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uzay B, Houcek A, Ma ZZ, Konradi C, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Neurotransmitter release progressively desynchronizes in induced human neurons during synapse maturation and aging. Cell Rep. 2023;42:112042.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2535_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.103089","volume":"5","author":"A Houcek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Houcek A, Ma ZZ, Trauterman B, Uzay B, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. CRISPR-Cas9 editing of synaptic genes in human embryonic stem cells for functional analysis in induced human neurons. STAR Protoc. 2024;5:103089.","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"key":"2535_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2192803","volume":"9","author":"SA Stewart","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stewart SA, Dykxhoorn DM, Palliser D, Mizuno H, Yu EY, An DS, et al. Lentivirus-delivered stable gene silencing by RNAi in primary cells. RNA N Y N. 2003;9:493\u2013501.","journal-title":"RNA N Y N"},{"key":"2535_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8463","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.11.8463-8471.1998","volume":"72","author":"T Dull","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dull T, Zufferey R, Kelly M, Mandel RJ, Nguyen M, Trono D, et al. A third-generation lentivirus vector with a conditional packaging system. J Virol. 1998;72:8463\u201371.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2535_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105083","volume":"145","author":"HW Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong HW, Erickson K, Lee JR, Merritt J, Fu C, Neul JL. Detection of neurophysiological features in female R255X MeCP2 mutation mice. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;145:105083.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2535_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang KJ, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Impact of distinct neurotransmitter release modes on neuronal signaling. Mol Psychiatry. 2026;31:1095\u20131110.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03373-7"},{"key":"2535_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2018.03.005","volume":"51","author":"NL Chanaday","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chanaday NL, Kavalali ET. Presynaptic origins of distinct modes of neurotransmitter release. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2018;51:119\u201326.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2535_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12262","volume":"16","author":"DC Crawford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crawford DC, Kavalali ET. Molecular underpinnings of synaptic vesicle pool heterogeneity. Traffic CPH Den. 2015;16:338\u201364.","journal-title":"Traffic CPH Den"},{"key":"2535_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76008","volume":"11","author":"CS Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang CS, Chanaday NL, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Probing the segregation of evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission via photobleaching and recovery of a fluorescent glutamate sensor. eLife. 2022;11:e76008.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2535_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19058","volume":"536","author":"AH Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang AH, Chen H, Li TP, Metzbower SR, MacGillavry HD, Blanpied TA. A trans-synaptic nanocolumn aligns neurotransmitter release to receptors. Nature. 2016;536:210\u20134.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2535_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.09262","volume":"4","author":"AL Reese","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reese AL, Kavalali ET. Spontaneous neurotransmission signals through store-driven Ca2+ transients to maintain synaptic homeostasis. eLife. 2015;4:e09262.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2535_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54423-7","volume":"15","author":"NJ Guzikowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guzikowski NJ, Kavalali ET. Functional specificity of liquid-liquid phase separation at the synapse. Nat Commun. 2024;15:10103.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2535_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang CS, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Spatially non-overlapping Ca2+ signals drive distinct forms of neurotransmission. Cell Rep. 2023;42. Available from: https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell-reports\/abstract\/S2211-1247(23)01213-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113201"},{"key":"2535_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.09.008","volume":"101","author":"FF Hamdan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamdan FF, Myers CT, Cossette P, Lemay P, Spiegelman D, Laporte AD, et al. High rate of recurrent de novo mutations in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Am J Hum Genet. 2017;101:664\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2535_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2006.11.010","volume":"4","author":"BS Meldrum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meldrum BS, Rogawski MA. Molecular targets for antiepileptic drug development. Neurotherapeutics. 2007;4:18\u201361.","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2535_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3072090","volume":"3","author":"A Wahab","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahab A. Difficulties in treatment and management of epilepsy and challenges in new drug development. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3:2090\u2013110.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"2535_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949","volume":"75","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Liew D, Kwan P. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75:279\u201386.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2535_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18044","volume":"65","author":"EH Bertram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bertram EH, Dudek FE. Addressing the problems of treatment failure in epilepsy: you cannot fix what you do not understand. Epilepsia. 2024;65:2248\u201354.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2535_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.10.1620","volume":"37","author":"RW Homan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Homan RW, Miller B. Veterans administration epilepsy cooperative study group. causes of treatment failure with antiepileptic drugs vary over time. Neurology. 1987;37:1620\u20131620.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2535_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/36103","volume":"391","author":"GG Turrigiano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Turrigiano GG, Leslie KR, Desai NS, Rutherford LC, Nelson SB. Activity-dependent scaling of quantal amplitude in neocortical neurons. Nature. 1998;391:892\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2535_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1327","volume":"5","author":"GG Turrigiano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turrigiano GG, Nelson SB. Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5:97\u2013107.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2535_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.03.040","volume":"125","author":"MA Sutton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sutton MA, Ito HT, Cressy P, Kempf C, Woo JC, Schuman EM. Miniature neurotransmission stabilizes synaptic function via tonic suppression of local dendritic protein synthesis. Cell. 2006;125:785\u201399.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2535_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24138","volume":"96","author":"C Gonzalez-Islas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Islas C, B\u00fclow P, Wenner P. Regulation of synaptic scaling by action potential-independent miniature neurotransmission. J Neurosci Res. 2018;96:348\u201353.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2535_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10130","volume":"475","author":"AE Autry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Autry AE, Adachi M, Nosyreva E, Na ES, Los MF, Cheng Pfei, et al. NMDA receptor blockade at rest triggers rapid behavioural antidepressant responses. Nature. 2011;475:91\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2535_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040531","volume":"169","author":"ET Kavalali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Synaptic mechanisms underlying rapid antidepressant action of ketamine. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169:1150\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2535_CR46","unstructured":"Uzay B, Zhang KJ, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Dopaminergic tone inhibits spontaneous glutamate release and augments homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Mol Psychiatry. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41380-025-03374-6."},{"key":"2535_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.08.050","volume":"21","author":"I Volman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volman I, Roelofs K, Koch S, Verhagen L, Toni I. Anterior prefrontal cortex inhibition impairs control over social-emotional actions. Curr Biol CB. 2011;21:1766\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr Biol CB"},{"key":"2535_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01462-5","volume":"27","author":"Z Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen Z, Seo J, Pace-Schott EF, Milad MR. Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity during fear extinction learning in PTSD and anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:2216\u201324.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2535_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst145","volume":"9","author":"V Ly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ly V, Cools R, Roelofs K. Aversive disinhibition of behavior and striatal signaling in social avoidance. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014;9:1530\u20136.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2535_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07632-5","volume":"632","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Sun W, Ng YH, Dong H, Quake SR, S\u00fcdhof TC. The cortical amygdala consolidates a socially transmitted long-term memory. Nature. 2024;632:366\u201374.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2535_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2507347122","volume":"122","author":"NJ Guzikowski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guzikowski NJ, Bagatelas ED, Shin OH, Khan YA, Esquivies L, Alten B, et al. Synaptobrevin-2 disease variants reveal spatial constraints within the presynaptic active zone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2025;122:e2507347122.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02535-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02535-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02535-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:56:55Z","timestamp":1787821015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41386-026-02535-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["2535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-026-02535-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"LMM is an editor of the NPP journal. The authors declare no other competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}