{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T23:51:50Z","timestamp":1794009110992,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["280163318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["280163318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["437201724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["437201724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["375876048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["375876048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["280163318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["280163318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["429280966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429280966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR 417 subproject P16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR 417 subproject P16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009379","name":"Interdisziplin\u00e4res Zentrum f\u00fcr Klinische Forschung, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum W\u00fcrzburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009379","name":"Interdisziplin\u00e4res Zentrum f\u00fcr Klinische Forschung, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum W\u00fcrzburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MD doctoral scholarship from Xinghua City People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncogene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and globally spread malignant diseases. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key architects of the tumor microenvironment, yet their origin, stability, and interconvertibility remain poorly understood. Using transcriptomic profiling of fibroblasts from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, we identify highly expressed (HEX) markers that define fibroblast subpopulations and uncover mechanisms governing their plasticity. We find that ADH1B marks normal colon-associated fibroblasts (NAFs), which consist of PI16-NAFs and ADAMDEC1-NAFs. ITGA3 delineates the total CAF population, which comprises myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs), whose characterizing markers were associated with poor prognosis and proteolytic inflammatory CAFs (piCAFs), characterized by markers not associated with prognosis. An AGT\/TGM2-expressing fibroblast subset is present in both healthy and tumor tissues, suggesting alternative trajectories to the classical NAF-to-CAF transition model. While PI16-NAFs, AGT\/TGM2-fibroblasts, and myCAFs maintain stable identities in long-term culture, the ADAMDEC1-NAF and piCAF phenotypes are lost in vitro. ITGA3-CAFs demonstrate dynamic plasticity, with TGF-\u03b2 stably inducing myCAF formation and TNF-\u03b1 or inhibition of DNA methylation promoting transient piCAF emergence. These findings redefine fibroblast heterogeneity in CRC and reveal a coexisting stable and plastic fibroblast network that may be amenable to modulation and provides a framework for future functional and translational studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-026-03809-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:11:35Z","timestamp":1777356695000},"page":"2299-2312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fibroblast dynamics in colorectal cancer: stability, plasticity, and novel markers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3476-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Demmler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles G.","family":"Anchang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5345-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongsong","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ramming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Rauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera S.","family":"Schellerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9327-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Imkeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Naschberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9276-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"St\u00fcrzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"3809_CR1","first-page":"7","volume":"70","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:7\u201330.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"3809_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03510-8","volume":"20","author":"Z Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng Z, Ye M, Ding H, Feng Z, Hu K. Spatial transcriptomics atlas reveals the crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment components in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med. 2022;20:302.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.01.004","volume":"40","author":"AM Nicolas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nicolas AM, Pesic M, Engel E, Ziegler PK, Diefenhardt M, Kennel KB, et al. Inflammatory fibroblasts mediate resistance to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer. Cancer Cell. 2022;40:168\u201384.e13.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"3809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0238-1","volume":"20","author":"E Sahai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahai E, Astsaturov I, Cukierman E, DeNardo DG, Egeblad M, Evans RM, et al. A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Rev Cancer. 2020;20:174\u201386.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"3809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.73","volume":"16","author":"R Kalluri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalluri R. The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16:582\u201398.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"3809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00546-5","volume":"18","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Clinical and therapeutic relevance of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18:792\u2013804.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2860","volume":"31","author":"VS Schellerer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schellerer VS, Langheinrich M, Hohenberger W, Croner RS, Merkel S, Rau TT, et al. Tumor-associated fibroblasts isolated from colorectal cancer tissues exhibit increased ICAM-1 expression and affinity for monocytes. Oncol Rep. 2014;31:255\u201361.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"3809_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naschberger E, Regensburger D, Tenkerian C, Langheinrich M, Engel FB, Geppert C et al. Isolation of human endothelial cells from normal colon and colorectal carcinoma - an improved protocol. J Vis Exp. 2018.","DOI":"10.3791\/57400"},{"key":"3809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schellerer VS, Croner RS, Weinlander K, Hohenberger W, Sturzl M, Naschberger E. Endothelial cells of human colorectal cancer and healthy colon reveal phenotypic differences in culture. Lab Invest. 2007;87:1159\u201370.","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700671"},{"key":"3809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4187","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78260","volume":"126","author":"E Naschberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naschberger E, Liebl A, Schellerer VS, Schutz M, Britzen-Laurent N, Kolbel P, et al. Matricellular protein SPARCL1 regulates tumor microenvironment-dependent endothelial cell heterogeneity in colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 2016;126:4187\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright K, Ly T, Kriet M, Czirok A, Thomas SM. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: master tumor microenvironment modifiers. Cancers. 2023;15:1899.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061899"},{"key":"3809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0636-z","volume":"52","author":"HO Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee HO, Hong Y, Etlioglu HE, Cho YB, Pomella V, Van den Bosch B, et al. Lineage-dependent gene expression programs influence the immune landscape of colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2020;52:594\u2013603.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02677-z","volume":"23","author":"AM Khaliq","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khaliq AM, Erdogan C, Kurt Z, Turgut SS, Grunvald MW, Rand T, et al. Refining colorectal cancer classification and clinical stratification through a single-cell atlas. Genome Biol. 2022;23:113.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"3809_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03549-5","volume":"593","author":"MB Buechler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buechler MB, Pradhan RN, Krishnamurty AT, Cox C, Calviello AK, Wang AW, et al. Cross-tissue organization of the fibroblast lineage. Nature. 2021;593:575\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.003","volume":"184","author":"K Pelka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelka K, Hofree M, Chen JH, Sarkizova S, Pirl JD, Jorgji V, et al. Spatially organized multicellular immune hubs in human colorectal cancer. Cell. 2021;184:4734\u201352.e20.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.013","volume":"187","author":"P Cadinu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cadinu P, Sivanathan KN, Misra A, Xu RJ, Mangani D, Yang E, et al. Charting the cellular biogeography in colitis reveals fibroblast trajectories and coordinated spatial remodeling. Cell. 2024;187:2010\u201328.e30.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray HW, Luster AD, Zheng H, Ma X. Gamma interferon-regulated chemokines in Leishmania donovani infection in the liver. Infect Immun. 2017;85:e00824-16.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00824-16"},{"key":"3809_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S368352","volume":"15","author":"N Akhter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akhter N, Kochumon S, Hasan A, Wilson A, Nizam R, Al Madhoun A, et al. IFN-gamma and LPS induce synergistic expression of CCL2 in monocytic cells via H3K27 acetylation. J Inflamm Res. 2022;15:4291\u2013302.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"3809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.011","volume":"33","author":"A Costa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Costa A, Kieffer Y, Scholer-Dahirel A, Pelon F, Bourachot B, Cardon M, et al. Fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in human breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 2018;33:463\u201379.e10.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"3809_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-1384","volume":"10","author":"Y Kieffer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kieffer Y, Hocine HR, Gentric G, Pelon F, Bernard C, Bourachot B, et al. Single-cell analysis reveals fibroblast clusters linked to immunotherapy resistance in cancer. Cancer Discov. 2020;10:1330\u201351.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3809_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0710","volume":"9","author":"G Biffi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biffi G, Oni TE, Spielman B, Hao Y, Elyada E, Park Y, et al. IL1-induced JAK\/STAT signaling is antagonized by TGFbeta to shape CAF heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2019;9:282\u2013301.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waldner MJ, Neurath MF. TGFbeta and the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Cells. 2023;12:1139.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12081139"},{"key":"3809_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12489","volume":"43","author":"E Naschberger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naschberger E, Fuchs M, Dickel N, Kunz M, Popp B, Anchang CG, et al. Tumor microenvironment-dependent epigenetic imprinting in the vasculature predicts colon cancer outcome. Cancer Commun. 2023;43:1280\u20135.","journal-title":"Cancer Commun"},{"key":"3809_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5400","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205651","volume":"21","author":"M Ehrlich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ehrlich M. DNA methylation in cancer: too much, but also too little. Oncogene. 2002;21:5400\u201313.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3809_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20162024","volume":"214","author":"D Ohlund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ohlund D, Handly-Santana A, Biffi G, Elyada E, Almeida AS, Ponz-Sarvise M, et al. Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Med. 2017;214:579\u201396.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"3809_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0094","volume":"9","author":"E Elyada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elyada E, Bolisetty M, Laise P, Flynn WF, Courtois ET, Burkhart RA, et al. Cross-species single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Discov. 2019;9:1102\u201323.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"3809_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001532","volume":"20","author":"GJ Jasso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jasso GJ, Jaiswal A, Varma M, Laszewski T, Grauel A, Omar A, et al. Colon stroma mediates an inflammation-driven fibroblastic response controlling matrix remodeling and healing. PLoS Biol. 2022;20:e3001532.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"3809_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yiu TW, Holman SR, Kaidonis X, Graham RM, Iismaa SE. Transglutaminase 2 facilitates murine wound healing in a strain-dependent manner. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:11475.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411475"},{"key":"3809_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.13.1787","volume":"13","author":"ZA Haroon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haroon ZA, Hettasch JM, Lai TS, Dewhirst MW, Greenberg CS. Tissue transglutaminase is expressed, active, and directly involved in rat dermal wound healing and angiogenesis. FASEB J. 1999;13:1787\u201395.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"3809_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289535","volume":"18","author":"T Cheraghi-Shavi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheraghi-Shavi T, Jalal R, Minuchehr Z. TGM2, HMGA2, FXYD3, and LGALS4 genes as biomarkers in acquired oxaliplatin resistance of human colorectal cancer: a systems biology approach. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0289535.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3809_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1609831","volume":"18","author":"P Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang P, Yu D, Zhou J, Zhuang S, Jiang T. TGM2 interference regulates the angiogenesis and apoptosis of colorectal cancer via Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway. Cell Cycle. 2019;18:1122\u201334.","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"3809_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0209","volume":"20","author":"U Dougherty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Sadiq F, Almoghrabi A, Mustafi D, Kreisheh M, et al. The renin-angiotensin system mediates EGF receptor-vitamin d receptor cross-talk in colitis-associated colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:5848\u201359.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3809_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114527","volume":"188","author":"M Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang M, Fu M, Wang J, Xia C, Zhang H, Xiong Y, et al. TGF-beta1-activated cancer-associated fibroblasts promote breast cancer invasion, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by autophagy or overexpression of FAP-alpha. Biochem Pharm. 2021;188:114527.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharm"},{"key":"3809_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201800069","volume":"13","author":"B Chaigne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaigne B, Clary G, Le Gall M, Dumoitier N, Fernandez C, Lofek S, et al. Proteomic analysis of human scleroderma fibroblasts response to transforming growth factor-ss. Proteom Clin Appl. 2019;13:e1800069.","journal-title":"Proteom Clin Appl"},{"key":"3809_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-021-02734-2","volume":"24","author":"S Kamali Zonouzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamali Zonouzi S, Pezeshki PS, Razi S, Rezaei N. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2022;24:757\u201369.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"3809_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busenhart P, Montalban-Arques A, Katkeviciute E, Morsy Y, Van Passen C, Hering L et al. Inhibition of integrin alphavbeta6 sparks T-cell antitumor response and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2022;10:e003465.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003465"},{"key":"3809_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakshi HA, Quinn GA, Nasef MM, Mishra V, Aljabali AAA, El-Tanani M et al. Crocin inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in colon cancer via TNF-alpha\/NF-kB\/VEGF pathways. Cells. 2022;11:1502.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091502"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3809_CR38","first-page":"E23","volume":"53","author":"ES Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park ES, Yoo JM, Yoo HS, Yoon DY, Yun YP. Hong J IL-32gamma enhances TNF-alpha-induced cell death in colon cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2014;53(Suppl 1):E23\u201335.","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"3809_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.398","volume":"35","author":"M Oliver Metzig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oliver Metzig M, Fuchs D, Tagscherer KE, Grone HJ, Schirmacher P, Roth W. Inhibition of caspases primes colon cancer cells for 5-fluorouracil-induced TNF-alpha-dependent necroptosis driven by RIP1 kinase and NF-kappaB. Oncogene. 2016;35:3399\u2013409.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3809_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700890","volume":"127","author":"MT Goldberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goldberg MT, Han YP, Yan C, Shaw MC, Garner WL. TNF-alpha suppresses alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in human dermal fibroblasts: an implication for abnormal wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127:2645\u201355.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"3809_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10204","volume":"6","author":"J Albrengues","year":"2015","unstructured":"Albrengues J, Bertero T, Grasset E, Bonan S, Maiel M, Bourget I, et al. Epigenetic switch drives the conversion of fibroblasts into proinvasive cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Commun. 2015;6:10204.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3809_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223512","volume":"14","author":"M Negreros","year":"2019","unstructured":"Negreros M, Hagood JS, Espinoza CR, Balderas-Martinez YI, Selman M, Pardo A. Transforming growth factor beta 1 induces methylation changes in lung fibroblasts. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0223512.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Oncogene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41388-026-03809-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41388-026-03809-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41388-026-03809-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:02:28Z","timestamp":1781042548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41388-026-03809-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41388-026-03809-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-9232","1476-5594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-9232","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}